Major Sources
ARCHIVAL REPOSITORIES
Original papers and documents were accessed at several dozen archival repositories, record collections and unprocessed files in storage. The challenging range of repositories spanned the gamut from governmental and organizational archives to corporate and private files. Many key records are held by the special collections and manuscript departments of libraries, such as the Laughlin Papers in the Special Collections of Pickler Memorial Library at Truman University. I estimate there are some five hundred key and niche repositories of eugenic information in the United States and just as many overseas. Most of them are listed below, but space precludes a complete roster.
UNITED STATES
American Breeders Association Files (ABA): Maryland
American Civil Liberties Union Files: Richmond
American Genetics Association Files: Maryland
American Heritage Center: Laramie, WY
American Philosophical Society (APS): Philadelphia
Charles B. Davenport Papers
American Eugenics Society Records
Leon F. Whitney Collection
Eugenics Record Office Records
California Institute of Technology Archives: Pasadena, CA
Ezra Gosney / Human Betterment Foundation Papers
California State Archive: Sacramento
Carnegie Institute of Washington (CIW): Washington, DC
Central Virginia Training Center Files: Lynchburg, VA
Chicago Tribune Newspaper Morgue: Chicago
Cold Spring Harbor Archive (CSH): Cold Spring Harbor
Cook County Circuit Court Archives: Chicago
Hoover Institute Archives: Stanford, CA
Indiana Historical Society: Indianapolis
Indiana State Archives: Indianapolis
Indiana State Library: Indianapolis
Margaret Sanger Papers Project at NYU: New York
Monacan National Tribal Archives Files: Madison Heights, VA
National Archives (NA): College Park, MD
RG 29 Bureau of the Census
RG 40 Commerce
RG 43 Conference Commissions and Expositions
RG 59 State Department
RG 60 Department of justice
RG 242 Captured German Records
RG 238 War Crimes Records
RG 330 Department of Defense
Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University (Truman): Kirksville, MO
Harry H. Laughlin Papers.
Planned Parenthood Foundation: New York
Records of the Montgomery County Courthouse: Christiansburg, VA
Richmond Times-Dispatch Newspaper Morgue: Richmond
Rockefeller Foundation Archives (RAC): Sleepy Hollow, NY
RG 1.1 Projects
RG 1.2 Projects
RG 3.1 Administration, Program and Policy
RG 6.1 Field Officers
RG 10 Fellowship Recorder Cards
Smith College: North Hampton, MA
Sophia Smith Collection
Tamiment-Wagner Labor Archives Archive: New York
University of California at Berkeley Archive: Berkeley, CA
71/3C William E. Ritter Papers
72/227C Berkeley PO
C-B 403 August Vollmer Papers
C-B 927 Robert H. Lowie Papers
CU-23 UCB Department of Anthropology
University of California at Davis: Davis, CA
Vermont Public Records (VT-PRA): Middlesex, VT
Eugenics Survey of Vermont and the Vermont Commission on County Life
UNITED KINGDOM
House of Lords Records Office: London
Public Records Office (PRO): London
Colonial Office
Department of Education
Department of Technical Co-Operation, Ministry of Overseas Development
Dominions Office
Foreign Office
General Register Office
Home Office
Medical Research Council
Ministry of Health
University College of London (UCL): London
Galton Papers
Pearson Papers
Penrose Papers
Wellcome Library: London
SA-EUG Eugenics Society
PP-MCS Marie Stopes Papers
GC-088 Rockefeller Papers
GERMANY
Buchenwald Archiv: Weimar
Bundesarchiv Berlin (BAB): Berlin
NS 2 Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt
NS 5 Deutsche Arbeitsfront
R 2 Reichsfinanzministerium
R 3 Reichsministerium fur Rustung und Kriegsproduction
R 7 Reichswirtschaftsministerium
R 36 Deutscher Gemeindetag
R 86 Reichsgesundheitsamt
R 150I Reichsministerium des Inneren
R 1509 Reichssippenamt
R 4901 Reichsministerium fur Wissenschaft, Erziehung und Volksbildung
Bundesarchiv Koblenz (BAK): Koblenz
R 73 Norgemeinschaft der deutschen Wissenschaft
Max Planck Archiv: Berlin
I. Abt., Rep. 1A, Nr. 762-781 Presse
I. Abt., Rep. 1A, Nr. 1050-1065 Auslands- und internationale Angelegenheiten
I. Abt., Rep. 1A, Nr. 1076-1086 Besuche durch auslandische Gelehrte
I. Abt., Rep. 1A, Nr. 1094 Rockefeller Foundation
I. Abt., Rep. 1A, Nr. 2443-2451 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Psychiatrie
I. Abt., Rep. 3, Nr. 4 Jahresberichte des Kaiser-Wilhelm-Instituts fur Anthropologie, menschliche Erblehre und Eugenik
I. Abt., Rep. 3, Nr. 23 International Federation of Eugenic Organisations
I. Abt., Rep. 3, Jr. 26 Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Anthropologie, menschlich Erblehre und Eugenik
V. a Abt., Rep. 16 Verschuer
Max-Planck-Institut fur Psychiatrie, Munchen (Deutsche Munich Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatry) Historisches Archiv der Klinik
GDA (ehemalige Genealogisch-Demographische Abteilung)
Universitatsarchiv Heidelberg: Heidelberg
B-1523/3-7 Ehrepromotionen
H-III-869/2 Akten der medizinischen Fakultat
Universitatsarchiv Munster: Munster
Nachlass Verschuer, Nr. 4
LIBRARIES
Libraries are crucial to research on eugenics because so much information resides in period secondary sources. In addition, each library maintains its own unique and often precious collection of obscure literature and local materials. Sometimes the most valuable materials are found in small community libraries. I estimate there are hundreds of libraries in the United States, and just as many overseas, containing important secondary materials. Most of the libraries we accessed are listed below, but space precludes a complete roster.
UNITED STATES
Alderman Library, University of Virginia: Charlottesville, VA
Bailey/Howe Library, University of Vermont: Burlington, VT
Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley: Berkeley, CA
Bobst Library, New York University: New York
Boston Public Library: Boston
California Institute of Technology Library: Pasadena
Carnegie Library, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: Cold Spring Harbor
Charles C. Sherrod Library, East Tennessee State University: Johnson City, TN
Chicago Historical Society Research Center: Chicago
Chicago Public Library: Chicago
Clapp Library, Occidental College: Los Angeles
Dag Hammarskjold Library, United Nations: New York
Dahlgren Memorial Library, Georgetown University: Washington, DC
Enoch Pratt Free Library: Baltimore
Fairfax County Public Library: Fairfax, VA
Fenwick Library, George Mason University: Fairfax, VA
Gelan Library, George Washington University: Washington, DC
History Office and Library, Immigration and Naturalization: Washington, DC
Hodges Library, University of Tennessee at Knoxville: Knoxville
Howard-Tilton Memorial Library, Tulane University: New Orleans
Illinois State Historical Library: Springfield, IL
Indiana State Library: Indianapolis
John Crerar Library, University of Chicago: Chicago
Kellogg-Hubbard Library: Montpelier, VT
Kuhn Library, University of Maryland, Baltimore County: Baltimore
Lane Medical Library, Stanford University Medical School: Stanford, CA
Lauinger Memorial Library, Georgetown University: Washington, DC
Lehman Social Sciences Library, Columbia University: New York
Library of Congress: Washington, DC
Library of the American Philosophical Society: Philadelphia
Library of the American University: Washington, DC
Library of the University of the District of Columbia: Washington, DC
Library of Virginia: Richmond
Library, U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum: Washington, DC
Library, YTVO Institute for Jewish Research: New York
Macdonald DeWitt Library, Ulster County Community College: Stone Ridge, NY
McCormick Library, Planned Parenthood Foundation: New York
McKeldin Library, University of Maryland College Park: College Park, MD
Memorial Library, University of Wisconsin-Madison: Madison, WI
Merriam Library, California State University: Chico, CA
Montgomery College Library: Rockville, MD
Montgomery County Public Libraries: Rockville, MD
Mullen Library, Catholic University of America: Washington, DC
National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health: Bethesda, MD
New York Academy of Medicine Library: New York
New York Public Library: New York
Newman Library, Virginia Polytechnic Institute: Blacksburg, VA
Orange Public Library: Orange, NJ
Pickler Memorial Library, Truman State University: Kirksville, MO
Princeton University Library: Princeton, NJ
Schlesinger Library, Harvard University: Cambridge, MA
Science, Industry & Business Library, New York Public Library: New York
Sheridan Libraries, Johns Hopkins University: Baltimore
Smith Memorial Library, Indiana Historical Society: Indianapolis
Washington College of Law Library, American University: Washington, DC
Washington Research Library Consortium: Upper Marlboro, MD
CANADA
Osler History of Medicine Library, McGill University: Montreal, QC
McLennan-Redpath Library, McGill University: Montreal, QC
FRANCE
Bibliotheque Nationale de France: Paris
GERMANY
Bibliothek des Archivs zur Geschichte der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: Berlin
Bibliothek fur Geschichte der Medizin, Freie Universitat Berlin: Berlin
Bibliothek des Otto-Suhr-Institutes fur Politikwissenschaft, Freie Universitat: Berlin
Bibliothek des Zentrums fur Antisemitismusforschung, Technische Universitat: Berlin
Staatsbibliothek Berlin: Berlin
UNITED KINGDOM
Bodleian Library, Oxford University: London
British Library: London
Library of the Public Record Office: London
Library of the University College of London: London
Wellcome Library: London
JOURNAL, NEWSPAPERS AND MEDIA
Scores of publications and media outlets were consulted, both as sources of period materials and for topical information. These covered a spectrum, from obscure professional and medical journals, to Nazi-era scientific and political media, to the eugenics media, to contemporary publications and news organizations. In some cases, every issue of a publication was surveyed for as many as forty years; Eugenical News is an example. In other instances, we studied select editions. Many of the publications and media outlets we surveyed are listed below, but space precludes a complete roster.
JOURNALS
American Bar Association Journal
American Journal of Medical Genetics
American Journal of Pathology
American Journal of Public Health
American Journal of Sociology
Bio IT World
BIOS
Birth Control Review
Brain Pathology
British Journal of Inebriety
The British Medical Journal
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Digestive Diseases
Dimensions
Epilepsia
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
History of Psychiatry
IAA Bulletin AAI
Institutional Quarterly
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Journal of American History
Journal of American Public Health
Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy
Journal of Delinquency
Journal of Psycho-Asthenics
Journal of Southern History
Journal of the American Medical Association
Journal of the Anthropological Institute
Journal of the History of Sexuality
Journal of the History of Biology
Lancet
McGill Law Journal
Mental Retardation
National Geographic
Nature
Nature Reviews
Neurology
New York Medical Journal
New York University Law Review
Osiris
Psychological Review
The Standard
EUGENIC MEDIA
American Breeders' Magazine
Eugenical News
Eugenics
Eugenics Quarterly
Eugenics Review
Journal of Heredity
GERMAN MEDIA
Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Sexualforschung
Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv Bevolkerungsfragen
Archiv fur Rassen- und Gesellschaftsbiologie
Der Erbarzt
Deutsches Artzeblatt
Die Neue Zeitung
Fortschritte der Erbpathologie, Rassenhygiene und ihrer Grenzgebiete
Hollerith Nachrichten
Neues Volk
Rassenpolitische Auslands-Korrespondenz
Schleswig-Holsteinische Hochschullblatter
Sexual-Probleme, Zeitschrift fur Sexualwissenschaft und Sexualpolik
Volkischer Beobachter
Volk und Rasse
Zeitschrift fur Morphologie und Anthropologie Festschrift
Zeitschrift fur Rassenkunde
Zeitschrift fur Sexualwissenschaft
Ziel und Weg
NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, WIRE SERVICES AND OTHER MEDIA
Associated Press
Atlantic Monthly
The Australian
British Broadcasting Corporation
Cable News Network
Chicago Tribune
Christian Science Monitor
Economic Quarterly
Free World
The Guardian
The Independent
London Times
Los Angeles Times
Mind
New Republic
New York Times
The Pedagogical Seminary
The Poor-Law Officers' Journal Reuters,
Richmond Times-Dispatch
Risk Management Magazine
San Francisco Daily News
Scientist
Time Magazine
U.S. News & World Report
Washington Post
Winston-Salem Journal
UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS
Numerous university dissertations, theses and other unpublished manuscripts and monographs were consulted. Some of the salient ones are listed below.
American Academy of Actuaries. "Genetic Information and Medical Expense Insurance." June 2000.
Curtis, Patrick Almond. "Eugenic Reformers, Cultural Perceptions of Dependent Populations, and the Care of the Feebleminded in Illinois: 1909-1920." Ph. D. diss., University of Illinois at Chicago, 1983.
Hassencahl, Francis Janet. "Harry H. Laughlin, 'Expert Eugenics Agent' for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization." Ph. D. diss., Case Western Reserve University, 1970.
Lombardo, Paul A. "Eugenic Sterilization in Virginia: Aubrey Strode and the Case of Buck v. Bell." Ph. D. diss, University of Virginia, 1982.
Mehler, Barry. "A History of the American Eugenics Society, 1921-1940." Ph. D. diss., University of Illinois, 1988.
Mottier, Veronique. "Narratives of National Identity: Sexuality, Race, and the Swiss 'Dream of Order.''' Paper presented at the European Consortium for Political Research Annual Joint Sessions, Workshop; The Political Uses of Narrative, at Mannheim 26- 31 March 1999.
Smith, Gregory H. "Securing our Personal Genome." Forthcoming Master's thesis, Indiana University, 2003.
DOCUMENTARIES
Film documentaries, including independently produced videos, provide an excellent source of eyewitness testimony and visual insight. Some of the salient videos utilized are listed below.
Baron, Saskia and Paul Sen, director and Dunja Noack, producer. Science and the Swastika. Videocassette. The History Channel, 200l.
Bryant, Sharon, producer. Reclaiming our Heritage. Virginia Foundation for the Humanities, 1997, videocassette.
Trombley, Stephen, director and Brucie Eadier, producer. The Lynchburg Story. Videocassette. Worldview Pictures, 1993.
Blumenstein, Rob, producer-director. History's Mysteries: Hitler's Perfect Children. The History Channel, 2000.
MAJOR JOURNAL ARTICLES
I consulted numerous scholarly articles of great value. Some of the salient articles are listed below.
"Cecile and Oskar Vogr: On the Occasion of her 75th and his 80th Birthday." Neurology Vol. 1 No. 3 (May-June 1951).
Elks, Martin A. "The 'Lethal Chamber': Further Evidence for the Euthanasia Option." Mental Retardation, Vol. 31 No. 4 (August 1993).
Kevles, Daniel J. "Testing the Army's Intelligence: Psychologists and the Military in World War I." The Journal of American History, Vol. 55, Issue 3 (Dec., 1968).
Lakin, K. Charlie. "Demographic Studies of Residential Facilities for the Mentally Retarded." Developmental Disabilities Project on Residential Services and Community Adjustment Project Report No. 3. University of Minnesota Department of Psychoeducational Studies, circa 1979.
Lemkin, RaphaeI. "Genocide- A Modern Crime." Free World Vol. 4 (April 1945).
Lemmens, Trudo. "Selective Justice, Genetic Discrimination, and Insurance: Should We Single Out Genes in Our Laws?" McGill Law Journal 45 347 (2000).
Lombardo, Paul A. "Medicine, Eugenics, and the Supreme Court: From Coercive Sterilization to Reproductive Freedom." The Journal of Contemporary Health Law and Policy Volume 13 (1996).
Lombardo, Paul A. "Three Generations, No Imbeciles: New Light on Buck v. Bell." New York University Law Review, Vol. 60 no. 1.
MacDowell, E. Carlton. "Charles Benedict Davenport, 1866-1944: A Study of Conflicting Influences." BIOS vol. XVII no. 1.
MacNicol, John. "The Voluntary Sterilization Campaign in Britain, 1918-39." The Journal of the History of Sexuality, Vol. 2., No. 3 (1992).
Muller-Hill, Benno. "The Blood from Auschwitz and the Silence of the Scholars." History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences Vol. 21 (1999).
Neugebauer, Wolfgang and Georg Stacher. "Nazi Child 'Euthanasia' in Vienna and the Scientific Exploitation of Its Victims before and after 1945." Digestive Diseases 17 (1999).
Peiffer, Jurgen. "Neuropathology in the Third Reich: Memorial to those Victims of National-Socialist Atrocities in Germany who were Used by Medical Science." Brain Pathology 1 (1991).
Reilly, Philip. "The Virginia Racial Integrity Act Revisited: The Plecker-Laughlin Correspondence; 1928-1930." American Journal of Medical Genetics Vol. 16 (1983).
Sherman, Richard B. "'The Last Stand': The Fight for Racial Integrity in Virginia in the 1920's." The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 54 Issue 1 (February, 1988).
Shevell, Michael. "Racial Hygiene, Active Euthanasia, and Julius Hallervorden." Neurology 42 (November 1992) and "Reply from the Author." Neurology 43 (July 1993).
Seidelman, William E. "Medicine and Murder in the Third Reich." Dimensions: A Journal of Holocaust Studies Vol. 13 No. 1 (1999).
Weber, Matthias M. "Psychiatric Research and Science Policy in Germany. The History of the Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Psychiatrie (German Institute for Psychiatric Research) in Munich from 1917 to 1945." History of Psychiatry xi (2000).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Literally hundreds of books were consulted, from period eugenic literature to scholarly works on a range of topics. It would be impossible to list them all. However, a few hundred of the salient volumes are listed below. Listing books here by no means suggests they are reliable; many of these books were consulted because of their period insights rather than their accuracy. This list, then, includes both the most credible and the least credible.
Adams, Mark B. The Wellborn Science. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Aly, Gotz, Peter Chroust, and Christian Pross. Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygiene. Trans. Belinda Cooper. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
Anderson, Margo J. The American Census. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988.
Astor, Gerald. The "Last" Nazi: The Life and Times of Dr, Joseph Mengele. New York: Donald I. Fine, Inc., 1985.
Baker, Liva. The Justice From Beacon Hill: The Life and Times of Oliver Wendell Holmes. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991.
Bannister, Robert C. Social Darwinism: Science and Myth in Anglo-American Social Thought. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1979.
Barr, Martin W. Mental Defectives: Their History, Treatment and Training. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., 1904; New York: Arno Press, 1973.
Baur, Erwin, Eugen Fischer and Fritz Lenz. Human Heredity. 3rd Ed. Trans. Eden & Cedar Paul. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1931.
Baur, Erwin, Eugen Fischer, and Fritz Lenz. Grundriss der menschlichen Erblichkeitslehre und Rassenhygiene, Munich: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1921.
Baur, Erwin, Eugen Fischer, and Fritz Lenz. Grundriss der menschlichen Erblichkeitslehre und Rassenhygiene, 2nd ed. Munich: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1923.
Benson, Keith R., Jane Maienschein, and Ronald Rainger, editors. Expansion of American Biology. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1991.
Biesold, Horst. Crying Hands: Eugenics and Deaf People in Nazi Germany. Trans. William Sayers. Washington DC: Gallaudet University Press, 1988.
Black, Edwin. IBM and the Holocaust: The Strategic Alliance Between Nazi Germany and America's Most Powerful Corporation. New York: Crown Publishers, 2001.
Black, Edwin. The Transfer Agreement: The Dramatic Story of the Pact Between the Third Reich and Jewish Palestine. Washington: Dialog Press, 1999; New York: Carol & Graf, 2001.
Blacker, C. P. "Eugenics In Prospect and Retrospect," In The Galton Lecture, 1945. Hamish Hamilton Medical Books, n.d.
Blacker, C. P. Eugenics: Galton and After. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1952; Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, Inc., 1987.
Bock, Gisela, Zwangssterilisation im NationaIsozialismus. Studien zur Rassenpolitik und Frauenpolitik. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1986.
Bohstedt, John. Riots and Commmity Politics in England and Wales 1790-1810. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
Bowen, Catherine Drinker. Yankee From Olympus: Justice Holmes and His Family. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1945.
Breiting, Richard. Secret Conversations with Hitler, Edit. Edouard Calic. Trans. Richard Barry. New York: The John Day Company, 1968.
Brigham, Carl C. A Study of American Intelligence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1923.
Brown, Stuart E. Jr., Lorraine F. Myers and Eileen M. Chappel. Pocahontas' Descendants. Baltimore, MD: The Pocahontas Foundation, 1985.
Browning, Christopher R. The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Bruehl, Charles P. Birth Control and Eugenics: In the Light of Fundamental Ethical Principles. New York: Joseph P. Wagner, Inc., 1928.
Burleigh, Michael. Death and Deliverance: 'Euthanasia' in Germany 1900-1945. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Burton, David H. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr: Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980.
Burton, David H., editor. Progressive Masks: Letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Franklin Ford. Newark, DE. University of Delaware Press, 1982.
Cameron, Norman and R.H. Stevens, trans. Hitler's Table Talk: 1941-1944: His Private Conversations. New York City: Enigma Books, 2000.
Caplan, Arthur L., ed. When Medicine Went Mad. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1992.
Carlson, Elof Axel. The Unfit: A History of a Bad Idea. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2001.
Chambers, Robert W. The King in Yellow. F. Tennyson Neely, 1895.
Chapman, Blanche Adams. Wills and Administration of Elizabeth City County, Virginia 1688-1800. N.p., 1980.
Charles, Joan. Elizabeth City County, Virginia Will 1800-1859. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, Inc., n.d.
Chesler, Ellen. Women of Valor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.
Chesterton, G. K. Eugenics and Other Evils. Ed. comp. Michael W Perry. Seattle, WA: Inkling Press, 2000.
Cravens, Hamilton. The Triumph of Evolution: The Heredity-Environment Controversy, 1900-1941. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
Darwin, Charles. The Origin of the Species. 6th ed. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1881.
Darwin, Charles. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. London: John Murray, 1868; New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1883.
Davenport, Charles B. and Morris Steggerda. Race Crossing in Jamaica. Washington: Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1929.
Davenport, Charles B. Heredity In Relation To Eugenics. New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1911; New York: Arno Press Inc., 1972.
Dawidowicz, Lucy. The War Against The Jews, 1933-1945. New York: Bantam Books, 1975.
Deichmann, Ute. Biologists Under Hitler. Trans. Thomas Dunlap. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Dowbiggin, Ian. A Merciful End: The Euthanasia Movement in Modern America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Dugdale, Richard L. The Jukes. New York: Putnam, 1910.
Durance, Jill and William Shamblin, ed. Appalachian Ways. Washington D.C.: The Appalachian Regional Commission, 1976.
Estabrook, Arthur H. and Charles B. Davenport. The Nam Family: A Study in Cacogenics. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press, 1912.
Estabrook, Arthur H. and Ivan E. McDougle. Mongrel Virginians: The Win Tribe. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company, 1926.
Eugenics Education Society, Problems in Eugenics, Vols. I and II: Report of Proceedings of the First International Eugenics Congress. Kingsway, UK: Eugenics Education Society, 1913.
Evers, Alf. Woodstock: History of an American Town. Woodstock, New York: The Overlook Press, 1987.
Fairchild, Henry Pratt. The Melting-Pot Mistake. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1926.
Fancher, Raymond E. The Intelligence Men: Makers of the IQ Controversy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1985.
Fest, Joachim C. The Face of the Third Reich: Portraits of the Nazi Leadership. New York: Pantheon Books, 1970.
Flexner, Abraham. Medical Education in Europe: A Report to the Carnegie Foundation. n.p. 1912.
Flexner, Abraham. Prostitution in Europe. New York: The Century Company, 1914.
Fosdick, Raymond. Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. New York: Harper, 1952.
Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of Carolina Press, 1995.
Gallagher, Nancy L. Breeding Better Vermonters. Hanover, NH: University of New England Press, 1999.
Galton, Francis. Finger Prints. New York: Da Capo Press, 1965.
Galton, Francis. Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry Into Its Laws And Consequences. 2nd ed. London: Macmillan & Co., 1892; London: Watts & Co., 1950.
Galton, Francis. Inquiries Imo Human Facility And Its Development. London: JM Dent & Co., 1883.
Galton, Francis. Memories of My Life. London: Methuen & Co., 1908.
Galton, Francis. Natural Inheritance. London: Macmillan & Co., 1889.
Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985.
Goddard, Henry H. Feeble-mindedness: Its Causes and Consequences. New York: Arno Press, 1973.
Goddard, Henry H. The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness. Vineland, NJ: 1913.
Gordon, Harold J., Jr. Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972.
Gosney, E.S. and Paul Popenoe, Sterilization for Human Betterment. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1929.
Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeasure of Man. Rev. ed. New York: Norton, 1996.
Grant, Madison. Der Untergang der grossen Rasse: Die Rassen als Grundlage der Geschichte Europas. Berlin: J. F. Lehmanns Verlag, 1925.
Grant, Madison. The Passing of the Great Race. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936.
Greenwood, James. The Seven Curses of London. London: S. Rivers and Co., 1869.
Grosskurth, Phyllis. Havelock Ellis, A Biography. London: Allen Lane, 1980.
Broberg, Gunnar and Nils Roll-Hansen, ed. Eugenics and the Welfare State. East Lansing, Ml: Michigan State University Press, 1996.
Gutman, Yisrael and Michael Berenbaum, ed. Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1994.
Hackett, David A., ed. and trans. The Buchenwald Report. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995.
Haller, Mark H. Eugenics: Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1963.
Hazlitt, Henry. The Conquest of Poverty. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1973.
Higham, John. Strangers in the Land. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955.
Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews. New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1961.
Hitler, Adolf. Mein Kampf Trans. Ralph Manheim. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1943.
Hoess, Rudolf. Commandant of Auschwitz. New York: Popular Library, 1959.
Hohne, Heins. The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's SS. New York: Coward-McCann, 1970.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. The Common Law. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1881; 1923.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. Collected Legal Papers. New York. Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1921.
Howe, Mark DeWolfe, ed. Holmes-Laski Letters. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953.
Howe, Mark DeWolfe, ed. Holmes-Laski Letters Abridged. Clinton, MA: Atheneum, 1963.
Howe, Mark DeWolfe, ed. Holmes-Pollock Letters: The Correspondence of Mr. Justice Holmes and Sir Frederick Pollock 1874-1932, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1942.
Howe, Mark DeWolfe. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: The Shaping Years 1841-1870. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957.
International Congress of Eugenics. A Decade of Progress in Eugenics: Scientific Papers of the Third 1ntemational Congress of Eugenics. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1934.
International Congress of Eugenics. Eugenics, Genetics and the Family: Volume I: Scientific Papers of the Second International Congress. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1923.
International Military Tribunal. Nuremberg Military Tribunal, Blue Book.
International Military Tribunal. Nuremberg Military Tribunal, Green Book.
Jennings, H.S. The Biological Basis of Human Nature. New York: W.W Norton & Company, 1930.
Jonas, Gerald. The Circuit Riders. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1989.
Jordan, David Starr. War and the Breed: The Relation of War to the Downfall of Nations. Boston: The Beacon Press, 1915.
Kater, Michael H. Doctors Under Hitler. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1989.
Katz, Esther. The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger: Volume I: The Woman Rebel, 1900-1928. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003.
Kennedy, David M. Birth Control in America: The Career of Margaret Sanger. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1970.
Kershaw, Jan. Hitler: 1889 -1936: Hubris. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1998.
Kevles, Daniel J. In The Name of Eugenics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.
Klein, Maury. The Life and Legend of E.H. Harriman. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2000.
Kogon, Eugen. The Theory and Practice of Hell, New York: Berkley Books, 1980.
Krauss, Hans. Die Grundgedanken der Erbkunde und Rassenhygiene in Frage und Antwort. Munchen: Verlag der Arztlichen Rundschau O. Gmelin, 1935.
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SEARCH ENGINES
Modern research cannot be efficiently undertaken without the use of Internet search engines. I have listed here some of the engines we employed to search across the worldwide web as well as institutional databases.
American Book Exchange
Google
Lexis-Nexis
Proquest
Worldcat http://www.abe.com
http://www.google.com
http://www.lexis-nexis.com
http://www.proquest.com
http://www.oclc.org/worldcat
INTERNET SOURCES
While Internet research is essential to contemporary historical investigation, I discovered that virtually nothing on the web dedicated to eugenics was reliable, including some websites operated by respected academic entities. At the same time, I found certain noneugenic sites extremely valuable for their background and contextual information, especially when the site was an official organizational or governmental site. Hence while I consulted and searched through hundreds, perhaps thousands of websites, only a precious few of the most reliable are listed below.
American Philosophical Society
Anti-Defamation League
Avalon Project
BioMed Central / PubMed
British Broadcasting Corporation
Dodd Research Center
Galton.org
Jewish Virtual Library
Mazal Library
National Library of Medicine, NIH
Nizkor Project
PreventGenocide.org
Public Broadcasting Service
Remember.org
ScrapbookPages.com
The Scientist
U.S. Department of Justice
U.S. House of Representatives
U.S. Senate
Wellcome Library
YadVashem
http://www.amphilsoc.org
http://www.adl.org
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon
http://www.biomedcentral.com
http://www.bbc.co.uk
http://www.lib.uconn.edu/DoddCenter
http://www.galton.org
http://www.us-israel.org
http://www.mazal.org
http://www.nlm.nih.gov
http://www.nizkor.org
http://www.preventgenocide.org/lemkin
http://www.pbs.org
http://www.remember.org
http://www.scrapbookpages.com
http://www.thescientist.com
http://www.doj.gov
http://www.house.gov
http://www.senate.gov
http://www.wellcome.ac.uk
http://www.yad-vashem.org.il