Altruistic World Online Library

The Advanced Research Projects Agency [EXCERPT]
A Study Prepared by Richard J. Barber Associates, Inc.
December, 1975

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L.P. Gise [Admiral Lawrence Gise] believes that Lt. Col. George Brown, USAF, a military assistant in Holaday's office, actually came up with the name ARPA. (Discussion with L.P. Gise, April 7, 1975.) ...

L.P. Gise recalls that when Wilfrid McNeil offered him the top administrative job in ARPA, the Vinson threat was so real that McNeil assured him another job would be found for him in OSD if ARPA could not be set up:

So the Agency was controversial even before it was formed. My deal with McNeil was that I would come over and handle the administrative end of the business, with the assurance that if the Agency went up in blue smoke that he would absorb me in his immediate office, and he had a job set up for that purpose. But it was that tenuous back in those days.

...

Clark and York joined ARPA in late March 1958. Clark began to assemble a small staff of technically-oriented military officers. Wilfrid McNeil, Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), recruited Lawrence P. Gise from the AEC to handle the Agency's financial management activity ...

An office of Program Control and Administration (headed by L.P. Gise) consisting of seven civilian professionals, was set up to handle budgetary control and assignment of funds to Service agents for contracting (through what became formalized as the "ARPA Order" system), management reporting systems, and internal ARPA Administration....

Almost immediately following the decision to create TOD [Technical Operations Division], a further reorganization took place (Jauary 1959). [82] It elevated L.P. Gise to the position of Assistant Director for Administration. He retained broad program administration functions ...

There apparently was lengthy discussion of acquiring the Naval Research Laboratories as well. [89] Johnson personally visited ABMA and JPL and other facilities. His top management adviser, L.P. Gise, argued strongly against taking them, or creating an ARPA procurement structure, because the administrative burden would ultimately drag ARPA down. [90] ... Gise had considerable experience with the management of AEC's network of field installations and Johnson placed a high value on his judgment. Johnson cited the "administrative burden" theory publicly whenever asked about the issue and the notion of a streamlined, hard-hitting ARPA shunning ownership of laboratories and utilizing the facilities of others became part of the established folklore in the Agency. Gise seemed to be most influential in rejecting ABMA and Johnson reacted so negatively to the Director of JPL, personally, that there was never any doubt that he would stay clear of it. ...

At the very end of his tenure he did "go public" with a demand for more funds for the Saturn IB booster project, but that was independent of whether ARPA or some other agency managed it. On one occasion, perhaps this one, Johnson was reprimanded by the President for letting it be known on the Hill that he wished there was more money for military space programs. Of the White House reprimand, said L.P. Gise, "I know he got a big kick out of it. It didn't bother him, obviously." (Discussion with Gise, April 7, 1975.) ...

On one occasion, Snyder called for a showdown on a space public affairs launch policy issue before Secretary Gates. L.P. Gise and L.W. Huff were summoned by Gates to give the ARPA case. Snyder lost. ...

During this period -- summer and fall of 1958 -- both NASA and a national space program were being established. NASA indicated an interest in acquiring SATURN. In the course of a key budget review meeting in November -- attended by Killian, Quarles, Glennan, Dryden, York, Gise, and David Young, but not Johnson -- all money for SATURN was deleted from the budget and the question of perhaps transferring such responsibility to NASA was raised.

John J. Ballentine, Admiral, USN
(Naval Aviator Number 2878)
by epnaao.com
Accessed: 12/17/17

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John Jennings Ballentine was born in Hillsboro, Ohio, on October 4, 1896, son of the late George McClelland and Ora (Eakins) Ballentine. He attended Hillsboro High School before his appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, from the Sixth District of Ohio in June 1914. Graduated and commissioned Ensign on June 29, 1917, he subsequently progressed in rank attaining that of Vice Admiral to date from November 1, 1949. On May 1, 1954 he was transferred to the Retired List of the U.S. Navy, and was advanced to the rank of Admiral on the basis of combat awards.

After graduation from the Naval Academy in 1917, he had consecutive duty during World War I in the USS Nebraska and at the Naval Auxiliary Reserve Officers School, Pelham Bay Park, New York; and from February 1919 served until May 1920 in the USS Arizona. He then reported for flight training at the Naval Air Station, Pensacola, Florida, a member of the fifth class trained at that station. Designated Naval Aviator (heavier than air), on November 22, 1920, he had additional training in land planes with the U. S. Army Air Corps, Carlstrom Field, Arcadia, Florida, and in pursuit planes at Kelly Field, San Antonio, Texas.

In May 1921 he reported to Atlantic Fleet, Torpedo Plane Division, Yorktown, Virginia, for duty in the first torpedo plane squadron, in the Fleet. The title of this unit was changed to Torpedo Plane Squadron One, attached to the USS Sandpiper. In June 1922 he reported as Officer in Charge, Naval Air Detail, Naval Proving Ground, Dahlgren, Virginia, where he served until February 1926. During that period Carl Norden, a Navy consultant, designed his first bombsight in 1923, and the then Lieutenant Ballentine put it through its original tests at the Dahlgren proving Ground, and later tested the first production model. He also controlled, from the ground, the first airplane operated under radio control.

He assumed command of Torpedo Squadron 20, attached to the USS Jason, Asiatic Fleet, in April 1926. In May 1927 he was assigned to the USS Marblehead of Light Cruiser Division Three, where he assumed command of Observation Squadron 11. While serving in the Asiatic, he made two special trips to Tokyo, Japan, to make official inspection of Japanese naval aviation and aircraft manufacturing facilities. He was commended by the Navy Department for reports submitted after those inspections. He returned to the United States in August 1927, and had another tour of duty until June 1931 as Officer in Charge, Naval Air Detail, Dahlgren, Virginia. He received letters of commendation from the Navy Department for various aviation ordnance developments during both tours of duty at the Naval Proving Ground.

He commanded Torpedo Squadron Two, based on the USS Saratoga, from July 1931 until June 1933, when he reported for duty in the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. There he served for two years as Head of the War Plans Section, and one year in the Plans Division, being detached in May 1936. He next had sea duty as Navigator of the USS Wright, flagship of Commander Aircraft, Base Force (title changed to Battle Force, September 28, 1937). In June 1937 he became Operations Officer on that staff, and in January 1938 transferred to the USS Saratoga for duty as Gunnery Officer on the Staff of Commander Aircraft, Battle Force, from January until June 1938, and as Operations Officer until May 1939. He served in the Personnel Division of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Navy Department, Washington, D.C., from June 1939 until May 1940, and as Head of the Flight Division until June 1941. He went to sea as Executive Officer of the USS Ranger, and on December 26, 1941, assumed command of the USS Long Island. From May until December 1942 he was Chief of Staff and Aide to the Commander, Carriers, Atlantic Fleet, and received a Letter of Commendation with authorization to wear the Commendation Ribbon from the Secretary of the Navy, for meritorious service as Chief of Staff to Commander Air Group, Western Naval Task Force, during action off Casablanca on November 8, 1942.

On January 2, 1943 he reported to the Bethlehem Steel Company, Quincy, Massachusetts, to fit out the USS Bunker Hill, which he commanded from her commissioning, May 25, 1943, until February 5, 1944. He was awarded the Silver Star Medal for "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity as Commanding Officer of the USS Bunker Hill in action against enemy Japanese forces during the assault on Rabaul Harbor November 11, and the invasion and occupation of the Gilbert Islands, November 18 to 26, 1943."He was also awarded the Legion of Merit with Combat "V," for "exceptionally meritorious conduct....as Commanding Officer of the USS Bunker Hill, during the capture and occupation of Tarawa and Makin,, the capture and defense of the Marshall Islands and strikes on Nauru and Kavieng, from November 29, 1943 to February 5, 1944..." He is entitled to the Ribbon for, and a facsimile of, the Presidential Unit Citation to the Bunker Hill "for extraordinary heroism in action against enemy Japanese forces in the air, ashore and afloat in the South Central, Southwest, and Western Pacific, from November 11, 1943 to May 11, 1945 .."

In February 1944 he was promoted to Rear Admiral, and reported for duty as Deputy and Chief of Staff and Aide to the Commander, Aircraft, Pacific Fleet, at Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii, and remained in that assignment until October 1944. For "meritorious service as Deputy Commander Air Force, Pacific Fleet, and as Aide and Chief of Staff to the Commander Air Force, Pacific Fleet, during operations against enemy Japanese forces in the Pacific War Area, from February to September 1944..." he was awarded the Bronze Star Medal. The citation points out that he "supervised and directed Air Force planning in preparation for three major offensive operations and controlled the movement of Air Force Units to permit maximum preparation for combat and insure the availability of our fighting forces for employment against the enemy. In addition, he coordinated the efforts of all divisions of the staff in the formulation of effective plans necessary for the logistic support of our forces...''

On his return to the United States, he became Commander Fleet Air, Seattle, Washington. He was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a Second Legion of Merit for "exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services to the Government of the United States as Commander Fleet Air, Seattle, from September 29, 1944 to June 18, 1945. Rear Admiral Ballentine employed every means at his disposal in achieving the goal of his vital mission, exercising a high degree of care in the selection and training of personnel which was reflected in the outstanding combat records of the units which came under his command. By his skill in resolving the many administrative complexities of his task, he performed a service essential to the successful execution of a mission of highest importance to the war effort..."

After brief duty in command of Carrier Division 7, with his flag in the USS Bon Homme Richard, from June until August 1945, he was assigned duty as Fleet Liaison Officer for Commander in Chief, Pacific, at Headquarters of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, pacific. He had the honor of landing at Atsugi Airport on August 30, in the airborne occupation of Japan and of escorting General of the Army Douglas MacArthur to the surrender ceremonies aboard the USS Missouri on September 2, 1945. "For exceptionally meritorious conduct...as Liaison Officer between the Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, and the Supreme Commander for the Allied Forces for the occupation of Japan from August 30 to December 20, 1945..." he was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a Third Legion of Merit. The citation continues in part: "As the representative of the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet, Rear Admiral Ballentine accompanied the Supreme Allied Commander on his flight into Japan on August 30 and, by his astute Judgment and initiative, rendered invaluable service in connection with the arrangements for the formal surrender of Japan, the recovery of Allied personnel from Japanese prison camps, the repatriation of the Japanese from overseas, the seizure of Japanese naval vessels, stations and equipment, and the removal of mines from Japanese waters...''

In January 1946 he was ordered to the Military Staff Committee of the Security Council, United Nations, and was designated Chief of Staff and Aide to the Representative of the Chief of Naval Operations on that Committee. In July 1947 he assumed command of Carrier Division One, and made a four-months cruise in the Mediterranean in the USS Midway in the winter of 1947 48 and a similar cruise with the Sixth Task Fleet in the USS Roosevelt in 1948-49.

He returned to the Navy Department for duty as a Member of the General Board from May to November 1949 when, with the accompanying rank of Vice Admiral, he assumed command of the Sixth Task Fleet at Toulon, France. On April 11, 1951 he became Commander Air Force, Atlantic Fleet, and served in that capacity until relieved of all active duty pending his retirement, effective May 1, 1954.

It is of interest that Admiral Ballentine, as Commander Carrier Division One and Commander Sixth Fleet, spent four consecutive Christmas Days in Naples, Italy.

In addition to the Silver Star Medal, the Legion of Merit with two Gold Stars and Combat "V," the Bronze Star Medal, the Commendation Ribbon, and the Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon, Admiral Ballentine has the World War I Victory Medal, the Yangtze Service Medal; the American Defense Service Medal with Bronze "A"; American Campaign Medal' the European-African- Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with one bronze star (five engagements); the World War II Victory Medal' the Navy Occupation Service Medal, Asia Clasp; and the National Defense Service Medal. He also has the Navy Expert Pistol Shots Medal. From the Government of Greece, he received the decoration Grand Cross of the Order of Phoenix, and was named Commander in the French National Order of the Legion of Honor.

He was married to the former Catherine Howard Sheild of Yorktown, Virginia, and they had one son, John J. Ballentine, Jr.

Separate Church and Hate
by Charles Carreon

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Yitzhak Rabin assassinated: November 4, 1995
by history.com
Accessed: 12/18/17

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Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin is fatally shot after attending a peace rally held in Tel Aviv’s Kings Square in Israel. Rabin later died in surgery at Ichilov Hospital in Tel Aviv.

The 73-year-old prime minister was walking to his car when he was shot in the arm and the back by Yigal Amir, a 27-year-old Jewish law student who had connections to the far-right Jewish group Eyal. Israeli police arrested Amir at the scene of the shooting, and he later confessed to the assassination, explaining at his arraignment that he killed Rabin because the prime minister wanted “to give our country to the Arabs.”

Born in Jerusalem, Rabin was a leader of the Arab-Israeli war of 1948 and served as chief-of-staff of Israel’s armed forces during the Six-Day War of 1967. After serving as Israel’s ambassador to the United States, Rabin entered the Labour Party and became prime minister in 1974. As prime minister, he conducted the negotiations that resulted in a 1974 cease-fire with Syria and the 1975 military disengagement agreement between Israel and Egypt. In 1977, Rabin resigned as prime minister over a scandal involving his holding of bank accounts in the United States in violation of Israeli law. From 1984 to 1990, he served as his country’s defense minister.

In 1992, Rabin led the Labour Party to election victory and became Israel’s prime minister again. In 1993, he signed the historic Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles with Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and in 1994 concluded a formal peace agreement with the Palestinians. In October 1994, Rabin and Arafat shared the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Israeli foreign minister Shimon Peres. One year later, Rabin was assassinated. Peres succeeded him as prime minister.

Marine Corps History: The Emblem and Seal
Source: Reference Branch, USMC History Division
by Military.com
Accessed: 12/18/17

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Historic Marine Emblem

The history of the Marine Corps emblem is a story related to the history of the Corps itself. The emblem of today traces its roots to the designs and ornaments of early Continental Marines as well as British Royal Marines. The emblem took its present form in 1868. Before that time many devices, ornaments, and distinguishing marks followed one another as official marks of the Corps.

In 1776, the device consisted of a "foul anchor" of silver or pewter. The foul anchor still forms a part of the emblem today. (A foul anchor is an anchor which has one or more turns of the chain around it). Changes were made in 1798, 1821, and 1824. In 1834 it was prescribed that a brass eagle be worn on the hat, the eagle to measure 3 ½ inches from wingtip to wingtip. During the early years numerous distinguishing marks were prescribed, including "black cockades", "scarlet plumes," and "yellow bands and tassels." In 1859 the origin of the present color scheme for the officer's dress uniform ornaments appeared on an elaborate device of solid white metal and yellow metal. The design included a United States shield, half wreath, a bugle, and the letter "M."

In 1868, Brigadier General Commandant Jacob Zeilin appointed a board "to decide and report upon the various devices of cap ornaments of the Marine Corps." On 13 November 1868, the board turned in its report. It was approved by the Commandant four days later, and on 19 November 1868 was signed by the Secretary of the Navy.

The emblem recommended by this board consists of a globe (showing the Western Hemisphere) intersected by a foul anchor, and surmounted by a spread eagle. On the emblem itself, the device is topped by a ribbon inscribed with the Latin motto "Semper Fidelis" (Always Faithful). The uniform ornaments omit the motto ribbon.

The general design of the emblem was probably derived from the British Royal Marines' "Globe and Laurel." The globe on the U.S. Marine emblem signifies service in any part of the world. The eagle also indirectly signifies service worldwide, although this may not have been the intention of the designers in 1868. The eagle which they selected for the Marine emblem is a crested eagle, a type found all over the world. On the other hand, the eagle pictured on the great seal and the currency of the United States is the bald eagle, strictly a North American variety. The anchor, whose origin dates back to the founding of the Marine Corps in 1775, indicates the amphibious nature of Marines' duties. On 22 June 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed an Executive Order, which approved the design of an official seal for the United States Marine Corps. The new seal had been designed at the request of the Commandant of the Marine Corps, Gen Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.

The new seal consisted of the traditional Marine Corps emblem in bronze; however, an American bald eagle replaced the crested eagle depicted on the 1868 emblem, and is depicted with wings displayed, standing upon the western hemisphere of the terrestrial globe, and holding in his beak a scroll inscribed with the Marine Corps motto "Semper Fidelis" (Always Faithful) with the hemisphere superimposed on a foul anchor. The seal is displayed on a scarlet background encircled with a Navy blue band edged in a gold rope rim and inscribed "Department of the Navy, United States Marine Corps" in gold letters. Coincident with the approval of this seal by the President, the emblem centered on the seal was adopted in 1955 as the official Marine Corps Emblem.

Jacob Zeilin
by Wikipedia
Accessed: 12/18/17

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Jacob Zeilin
7th Commandant of the Marine Corps (1864-1876)
Born July 16, 1806
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died November 18, 1880 (aged 74)
Washington, D.C.
Place of burial Laurel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia
Allegiance United States of America
Service/branch United States Marine Corps
Years of service 1831-1876
Rank US-O7 insignia.svg Brigadier General
Commands held Commandant of the Marine Corps
Battles/wars
Mexican-American War
Battle of Rio San Gabriel
Siege of Los Angeles
Battle of La Mesa
Battle of Guaymus
Battle of San Jose
Battle of Mazatlán
American Civil War
First Battle of Manassas
Siege of Charleston Harbor
Signature

Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin (July 16, 1806 – November 18, 1880) was the first United States Marine Corps non-brevet general. He served as the seventh commandant of the United States Marine Corps from 1864 to 1876.[1]

Early life

Jacob Zeilin was born in Philadelphia on July 16, 1806. He attended the United States Military Academy from 1822 to 1825,[2] but dropped out due to poor grades in philosophy and chemistry.[3]

U.S. Marine Corps career

Zeilin was commissioned in the Marine Corps as a second lieutenant on October 1, 1831. After completing the preliminary training of a Marine officer in Washington, D.C., Zeilin's first tours of duty were ashore at the Marine Barracks, Philadelphia, and at Gosport, Virginia. He first went to sea on board the sloop of war Erie in March 1832, which was followed by a tour of duty at Charlestown (Boston), Massachusetts. In August 1834, he again joined the sloop Erie on a long and eventful voyage which lasted for more than three years. He was promoted to first lieutenant on 12 September 1836.[2]

From September 1837 to April 1841, Zeilin again served at Charlestown, Massachusetts, and New York. In February 1842, he returned to sea duty, on board the USS Columbus, and during the cruise that followed spent several months on the Brazil station. Upon the conclusion of this tour of sea duty, and after again serving at important Marine Corps stations on the east coast of the United States from 1842 to 1845, he was transferred to duty aboard the frigate USS Congress of the U.S. Pacific Squadron.

Mexican-American War

During the Mexican-American War, Zeilin commanded the Marine Detachment embarked in Congress, which ship was attached to Commodore Robert F. Stockton's force. He took part in the conquest of California (1846–1847) and was brevetted to the rank of major (two grades above his rank at the time) for gallantry during the action at the San Gabriel River crossing on January 9, 1847. Later, he took part in the capture of Los Angeles and in the Battle of La Mesa.[4]

On 28 January 1847, Zeilin was appointed Military Commandant of San Diego and served in that capacity until the completion of the conquest of California. He was promoted to the regular rank of captain on 14 September 1847. During the following few months, Zeilin, with the Marines of the Pacific Squadron, participated in the capture of important ports in lower California and the west coast of Mexico, and served as Fleet Marine Officer of the Pacific Squadron.[1] In September 1847, he served with the forces that captured Guaymas and those that met the enemy at San Jose on the 30th. For the remainder of the war, Mazatlán was his center of activity, and he fought in several skirmishes with the Mexicans in that area.[4]

Interwar period

After the close of the war with Mexico, Zeilin proceeded to Norfolk, Virginia, where he served for a time, then to New York. He remained at New York until June 1852. He was selected to accompany Commodore Matthew C. Perry as Fleet Marine Officer in the famous expedition to Japan, serving with the Marine Detachment in USS Mississippi in which he cruised to Japan with the expedition. With elaborate ceremonies, the Marines under his command took a prominent part in the expedition. He was the second person to set foot on shore at the formal landing of the naval forces at Kurihama, Yokosuka, Japan on 14 July 1853, and was one of those later accorded special honor for his part in the expedition that opened the doors of Japan to the outside world.[1]

Upon his return from Japan, he was again stationed at Norfolk. This duty was followed by his being placed in command of the Marine Barracks of the Washington Navy Yard. After remaining for a time at Washington, he again went to sea, this time aboard the frigate Wabash, on the European Station, until 1859.[1]

American Civil War

During the early part of the American Civil War, Zeilin was on garrison duty in command of Marine Barracks, firstly at Philadelphia and later at Washington, D.C. Five days later, he was appointed to the regular rank of major. On July 21, 1861, he commanded a company of Marines during the First Battle of Manassas and received a slight wound.[1]

In 1863, Zeilin was given command of the battalion of Marines sent to support the naval force whose mission was the capture of Charleston, South Carolina, but, because of illness, he returned after a few weeks of this duty to garrison duty at Marine Barracks, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Later, he returned to sea, serving with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron under Rear Admiral John Dahlgren. In 1864, Zeilin assumed command of the marine barracks at Portsmouth, New Hampshire.[1]

Commandant of the Marine Corps

On June 10, 1864, he was appointed Colonel Commandant of the Marine Corps in the rank of colonel. His faithful and efficient performance of the duties of Commandant of the Marine Corps during the trying period of the last year of the war and those years immediately following the close of the war is evidenced by the fact that he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on 2 March 1867.[1] Upon his promotion, he became the Marine Corps' first general officer.

After the war, Brigadier General Zeilin successfully defended the Marine Corps against its critics. In 1868, Zeilin approved of the design of the "Eagle, Globe, and Anchor," as the emblem for the Marine Corps.[1]

Zeilin retired from the Marine Corps on November 1, 1876 after serving over forty-five years as a Marine Corps officer.[1] When considering his time at West Point, he served over 49 years in uniform.[5]

Personal life

Zeilin married Virginia Freeman on October 22, 1845.[6][7] Together they had one son, William Freeman Zeilin (1851-1880) and two daughters, Margaret Freeman Very (1850-1911) (wife of Edward Wilson Very) and Anne V. Stockton (wife of one of Senator John P. Stockton's sons).[5][8]

General Zeilin was a member of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States - a military society of officers who served in the Union armed forces.

On 18 November 1880, he died in Washington, D.C.[5] He is buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.[9]

Namesakes

Two ships in the United States Navy have been named USS Zeilin in his honor: USS Zeilin (DD-313) in 1920 and USS Zeilin (AP-9) in 1941.

He is the namesake for Zeilin Road, on Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia.

He is the namesake for Zeilin Street, on Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton in California.

References

1. "Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin, USMC (deceased)". www.history.usmc.mil. United States Marine Corps History Division. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
2. Millett, Allan Reed; Jack Shulimson (2004). Commandants of the Marine Corps. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press. pp. 85–96. ISBN 0-87021-012-2.
3. Nofi, Albert (1997). The Marine Corps Book of Lists. Conshohocken, Pa.: Combined Pub. p. 144. ISBN 9780938289890. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
4. Wilson, James Grant; Fiske, John (1889). Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, Volume 6. New York: D. Appleton & Sons. pp. 657–658. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
5. "Death of Gen. Zeilin". Army and Navy Journal and Gazette. 18: 314. 1881. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
6. Tucker, George Holbert (2001). Abstracts from Norfolk city marriage bonds (1797-1850) and other genealogical data. Baltimore, Md.: Reprinted for Clearfield Co. by Genealogical Pub. Co. p. 179. ISBN 9780806351155. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
7. Laas, Virginia Jeans; Cornish, Dudley Taylor (1999). Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. p. 469. ISBN 9780252068591. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
8. "Not a Dime for her Husband". The Washington Times. Washington, DC. January 31, 1895. p. 6. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
9. Jacob Zeilin at Find a Grave

The Oklahoma City Bombing After 22 Years
by Dr. Paul Craig Roberts
Global Research
April 20, 2017

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Today, April 19, 2017, is the 22nd anniversary of the Oklahoma City Bombing. The bombing of the federal Murrah office building was blamed by federal authorities on a bomb made from fertilizer inside a truck parked in front of the building by Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols.

There are many anomalies associated with the official explanation, including mysterious deaths of some, including a police officer, who understood that the actual facts did not accord with the explanation.

Investigators who report the actual facts are branded “conspiracy theorists” and dismissed. This has been the Deep State’s way of controlling explanations since the 1940s.

Americans, being the insouciant people that they are, never noticed that the Murrah building blew up from the inside out, not from the outside in.

However, Air Force General Benton K. Partin, the US Air Force’s top explosive expert, did notice. He prepared a detailed report containing “conclusive proof that the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was not caused solely by the truck bomb. Evidence shows that the massive destruction was primarily the result of four demolition charges placed at critical structural points at the third floor level.” Here is a copy of General Partin’s letter accompanying the report he sent to US Senator Trent Lott.

Letter from Gen. Partin to U.S. Sen. Trent Lott

Benton K. Partin, Brigadier Gen. USAF (Ret.)
8908 Captains Row
Alexandria, Virginia 22308
703-780-7652
July 30, 1995

Sen. Trent Lott
United States Senate
487 Senate Russell Office Building
Washington, DC 205102403

Dear Sen. Lott:

The attached report contains conclusive proof that the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was not caused solely by the truck bomb. Evidence shows that the massive destruction was primarily the result of four demolition charges placed at critical structural points at the third floor level.

Weapons Experience: I do not offer such an analytical conclusion lightly. I have spent 25 years in research, design, development, test and management of weapons development. This included: handson work at the Ballistic Research Laboratories; Commander of the Air Force Armament Technology Laboratory, and ultimately management responsibility for almost every nonnuclear weapon device in the Air Force (at the Air Force System command, Air Staff and the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) levels). I was also the first chairman of the OSD joint service Air Munitions Requirements and Development Committee. (A more detailed resume appears at Tab 1.)

Observations in Oklahoma City: To verify earlier analysis, I visited Oklahoma City during the last week of June. There I had the opportunity to view hundreds of photographs taken throughout the cleanup operation as the layers of debris were cleared away. The photos present irrefutable evidence that at least four demolition charges were set off at four critical columns of the reinforced concrete structure at the floor level of the third floor.

Conclusion: Based on my experience in weapons development and bomb damage analysis, and on my review of all evidence available, I can say, with a high level of confidence, that the damage pattern on the reinforced concrete superstructure could not possibly have been attained from the single truck bomb. The total incompatibility of this pattern of destruction with a single truck bomb lies in the simple, incontrovertible fact that some of the columns collapsed that should not have collapsed if the damage were caused solely by a truck bomb, and, conversely, some of the columns were left standing that should have collapsed if the damage had been caused solely by the truck bomb.

It is my hope and request that, as a Member of Congress, you will support a Congressional investigation to determine the true initiators of this bombing, which could not have occurred the way in which it has been portrayed as having happened. Further, it is requested that you defer action and reserve judgment on socalled antiterrorism legislation that has serious civil liberties implications, and which would not be passed except for the Oklahoma City bombing until the causes of the Oklahoma City disaster are determined by independent investigators.

Both the Federal Building in Oklahoma and the Trade Center in New York (See New York Times, October 28, 1993, p. A1) show evidence of a counterterrorism sting gone wrong.

No government law enforcement agency should be permitted to demolish, smash and bury evidence of a counterterrorism sting operation, sabotage or terrorist attack without a thorough examination by an independent, technically competent agency.

If an aircraft crashed because of a bomb, or a counterterrorism sting or an FAA Controller error, the FAA would not be permitted to gather and bury the evidence. The National Transportation Safety Board would have been called in to conduct an investigation and where possible every piece of debris would have been collected and arrayed to determine cause of failure.

To remove all ambiguity with respect to the use of supplementary demolition charges, the FBI should be required to release the high quality surveillance color TV camera tape of the Murrah building bombing on April 19, 1995.

It is my observation that the effort required to bomb the A. P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City pales in comparison with the effort to cover up evidence in Oklahoma and the media's withholding of vital information from the American people.

Sincerely yours,

Benton K. Partin
Brigadier Gen. USAF (Ret.)
BKP:aw
Enclosure

http://www.whatreallyhappened.com/RANCH ... IN/ok8.htm



General Partin was my neighbor in Alexandria, Virginia. I went through his report those years ago, and it is clear that the official “investigation” ignored all the facts presented by General Partin. Indeed, Partin’s report is not even part of the record. Wikipedia does not even mention the report as a “conspiracy theory” in Wikipedia’s recitation of the official line.

There was no more an investigation of the Oklahoma City Bombing than there was of 9/11.

It has never been clear to me why a number of people knew better than to come to work that day in the Murrah building or why what was likely deep state perpetrators desired to kill several hundred people, including children.

Perhaps it was targeted at the militias and the creation of police powers that could be used against them. Two years previously the Clinton regime murdered approximately 100 men, women, and children at the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas. The religious sect was threatening no one and in violation of no laws, but it was a dissident group that the US government decided to terminate.

The focus on dissidents changed with 9/11, which Israel and Israel’s American neoconservative allies used to apply wide-ranging and long-lasting massive violence to seven Muslim countries, costing US taxpayers trillions of dollars and what remained of the reputation of the United States.

The main consequence of “terrorism” is the extraordinary growth of unconstitutional police state powers throughout the Western world. Every protective shield of individual rights, except for the Second Amendment, has been stripped from the US Constitution by the so-called “war on terror.”

All of the alleged terrorist attacks have puzzling, uninvestigated, and unreported anomalies. It is astonishing that the media never asks any questions. Consider, for example, the Nice, France, Truck attack.

Nice police authorities have the unambigious evidence of the security cameras on every block of the truck’s alleged murderous route. There should be no question whatsoever about what really happened. Yet, the Minister of the Interior in Paris ordered the Nice public authorities to destroy the video evidence and not to release it. So all we have is a very grainy inconclusive video taken by a person allegedly married to a former Mossad intelligence officer. This person turns out to be the same person who provides the only video of an attack in Germany.

The bridge attack in London is overwhelming with the lack of any evidence. We simply get an official story. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WPIAp2sDzTc

Sandy Hook is famous for the one bereaved parent, but there were allegedly scores of dead children. Where are the other parents? Aren’t they bereaved?

If these terror events are real, it is a simple matter for the media to ask questions, to investigate, and to give the public the facts. But the media never does. The media only repeats the official story without checking it.

In other words, the facts are whatever the government says they are. So what is the purpose of the media?

No purpose except to be a trumpet for the government.

The official stories of the Murrah office building bombing and 9/11 are now enshrined in memorials, the purpose of which is to make a lie the truth.

For insouciant Americans this works.

The original source of this article is Global Research
Copyright © Dr. Paul Craig Roberts, Global Research, 2017

____________________________

Resume of Brig. Gen. Partin USAF (ret.)

BENTON R. PARTIN
8908 Captains Row
Alexandria, Virginia 22308
(703) 780-7652
Biographical Notes

Thirty one years active duty in the Air Force. Progressively responsible executive, scientific and technical assignments directing organizations engaged in research, development, testing, analysis, requirements generation and acquisition management of weapons systems. Assignments from laboratory to the Office of the Secretary of Defense.

Personal contributions made in the fields of research and development management, weapon system concepts, guided weapons technology, target acquisition aids, focused energy weapons, operations research and joint service harmonization of requirements. Retired as a Brigadier General.

White House appointed Special Assistant to the Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration. Personally designated to prepare the White Paper on the Federal Aviation Administration for the 1989 Presidential Transition Team. This included development of policy initiatives on FAA/USAF joint use of the Global Positioning System (GPS), operational life for commercial aircraft, antiterrorism, airport and airway capacity, requirements in the FAA acquisition process and FAA leadership and management development.

Military Command Pilot and Command Missleman with 4000 hours (37 combat.)

Education: B.S. Chemical Engineering; M.S. Aeronautical Engineering; Ph.D. Candidate, Operations Research & Statistics (Academics Completed.)

Publications/TV

Sino-Soviet Conflict. Competition and cooperation: Risks in Force Structure Planning A Reduced Upper Limit for Sequential Test Truncation Error. Frequent TV Talk Shows on the Voice of Freedom.

Honors: Distinguished Service Medal, Legion of Merit thrice, Distinguished Graduate - Air War College

Community Affairs:

Chairman, United States Defense Committee

Member of the Board, In Touch Missions International

Member of the Board, Front Line Fellowship

Founding Chairman of the School Board, Engleside Christian School

Washington Representative for the Association of Christian Schools

International (1981-1983)

Chairman Fairfax County Republican Party (1982-1986)

Lifelong Professional Challenge: Continuing studies and analyses to anticipate and forecast the future course of world military/political/economic transforming processes.

____________________________

General Ben Partin Speaks About Oklahoma City and Waco
June, 1998



USAF Brig. General Ben Partin (Ret.) address the Wallace Institute on the Oklahoma City bombing, the Waco massacre, and world communism in Santa Clara, California in June 1998.

Edward T. Ned Caton -- Obituary
by The Virginian Pilot
November 23, 2014

NOTICE: THIS WORK MAY BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT

YOU ARE REQUIRED TO READ THE COPYRIGHT NOTICE AT THIS LINK BEFORE YOU READ THE FOLLOWING WORK, THAT IS AVAILABLE SOLELY FOR PRIVATE STUDY, SCHOLARSHIP OR RESEARCH PURSUANT TO 17 U.S.C. SECTION 107 AND 108. IN THE EVENT THAT THE LIBRARY DETERMINES THAT UNLAWFUL COPYING OF THIS WORK HAS OCCURRED, THE LIBRARY HAS THE RIGHT TO BLOCK THE I.P. ADDRESS AT WHICH THE UNLAWFUL COPYING APPEARED TO HAVE OCCURRED. THANK YOU FOR RESPECTING THE RIGHTS OF COPYRIGHT OWNERS.

Virginia Beach - Edward T. (Ned) Caton, 86, was born April 7, 1928 at Leigh Memorial Hospital in Norfolk and died there on November 18, 2014 He was the son of the late Minnie Frances Murphy Caton and Edward T. Caton, Jr. He is survived by his wife of 58 years, Patricia (Patsy) Ackiss Caton of Virginia Beach, Virginia, and his three children, Christopher Edward Caton of Virginia Beach, Virginia, Leigh Anne Caton Vincent and her husband Branch (Chip) W. Vincent, III of Southern Shores, North Carolina and John Murphy Caton of Cape Charles, Virginia. He is further survived by five grandchildren, Patricia Karoline (Karly) Caton of Virginia Beach, Virginia, Caton Elizabeth Vincent, Benjamin Branch Edward Vincent, Anna Leigh Downs Vincent and David Ackiss Vincent of Southern Shores, North Carolina.

Ned attended Larchmont Elementary School and was graduated from Maury High School in Norfolk, Virginia, Class of 1946. He spent a brief time in Miami Beach, Florida working as a lifeguard. After returning to Norfolk, he worked for Norfolk newspapers until June 1947. Ned lifeguarded at the Cavalier Beach Club for the summer of 1947 and for the next 2-3 years and also waited tables at Trafton Chalfonte, a small resort hotel on the oceanfront in Virginia Beach.

Ned attended and was graduated from the University of Virginia, Class of 1951, with a B.S. in Commerce. After graduating from UVA, he attended the United States Coast Guard Officers' Candidate School (OCS) in New London, Connecticut and was commissioned as an Ensign. Thereafter he was stationed in Portsmouth, Virginia on the buoy tender "Jonquil" and later on the buoy tender "Mistletoe". He remained active in the Coast Guard Reserves for many years.

In 1953, Ned enrolled in law school at the University of Virginia where he joined the distinguished law fraternity Phi Delta Phi and was graduated in February 1956. He was admitted to the Virginia State Bar in February 1956 and began practicing law in Virginia Beach immediately thereafter.

Ned married Patsy Ackiss on April 7, 1956 and were married for 58 years.

Ned was very active in the Virginia Beach community. He was a member of the American Legion Post in Ocean View, a representative to Boy's State, received a Beautification Award for the renovation of an old beach cottage which became his law office on Pacific Avenue for over 50 years. He was a member of the Exchange Club, a member of the JayCees and the Ruritan Club. In 1967, The JayCees awarded him Young Man of the Year in Virginia Beach. Ned was a member of Virginia Beach United Methodist Church. He served on the Virginia Beach City Council of the small City of Virginia Beach from 1958 to 1965. Ned was involved in and prepared the preliminary charter to merge the City of Virginia Beach with the larger Princess Anne County which became the City of Virginia Beach as we know it today. As a result of this merger, Virginia Beach became a city on January 1, 1963. Ned was also a member of the Princess Anne Country Club where he enjoyed the men's group and tennis.

Ned also served in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1966 to 1968 and in the Virginia Senate from 1968 to 1972. After leaving the legislature, he was appointed to the Virginia Beach School Board and served until the early 1980's. He also was appointed as a Commissioner in Chancery for the Virginia Beach Court System.

The family will receive friends on Sunday, November 23, 2014 at H. D. Oliver Funeral Apts., Laskin Road Chapel from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. A funeral service will be celebrated on Monday, November 24, 2014 at the Virginia Beach United Methodist Church at 19th and Pacific Street in Virginia Beach at 11:00 AM.

In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to Virginia Beach United Methodist Church, the Virginia Beach Rescue Squad, 740 Virginia Beach Blvd. Virginia Beach, Virginia 23451 or the Noblemen, 2681 Production Road, Suite 105, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23454. Online condolences may be made at hdoliver.com.

Retired Virginia Beach Police Chief loses battle with cancer
by Virginia Association of Chiefs of Police & Foundation (VACP)
May 19, 2009

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YOU ARE REQUIRED TO READ THE COPYRIGHT NOTICE AT THIS LINK BEFORE YOU READ THE FOLLOWING WORK, THAT IS AVAILABLE SOLELY FOR PRIVATE STUDY, SCHOLARSHIP OR RESEARCH PURSUANT TO 17 U.S.C. SECTION 107 AND 108. IN THE EVENT THAT THE LIBRARY DETERMINES THAT UNLAWFUL COPYING OF THIS WORK HAS OCCURRED, THE LIBRARY HAS THE RIGHT TO BLOCK THE I.P. ADDRESS AT WHICH THE UNLAWFUL COPYING APPEARED TO HAVE OCCURRED. THANK YOU FOR RESPECTING THE RIGHTS OF COPYRIGHT OWNERS.

The VACP is saddened to report that Retired Virginia Beach Chief Charles R. Wall passed away Monday night, May 18, 2009, after a courageous battle with cancer. Chief Wall served as President of the VACP from August, 1996 – August, 1997.

Funeral services will be held Friday, May 22 in Virginia Beach.

Chief Wall retired from the Virginia Beach Police Department in August of 1999, after 18 years of dedicated service, and, along with his wife, Marion, lived in Virginia Beach. During his long law enforcement career, beginning in 1958, Chief Wall served as the Chief of Police for Morgantown, WV, Rockville, MD, and Washington Township, NJ. Chief Wall also served as a staff consultant for the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP.) Under his leadership the Virginia Beach Police Department received its first national accreditation in 1987, at that time being one of only 25 cities nationwide to achieve this distinction. During his tenure, the Police Department was one of the first City departments to implement a microcomputer local area network, E-911 emergency telephone reporting that displays a caller’s telephone number and address, and became the first municipality to use both mobile and portable KDT technology in a public safety operation. Chief Wall continued the expansion of the 800MHz radio system, the Department’s Automated Fingerprint Identification System was recognized as one of the best in the Commonwealth, established the Fourth Precinct in the Kempsville area and a police substation in Creeds, established the Selective Enforcement Team to apprehend drunk drivers, and implemented the Family Trauma Unit to investigate sexual and physical assault cases involving children and family members. During his tenure as Virginia Beach’s Police Chief, Chief Wall was responsible for establishing Crime Solvers and the Mounted Patrol. He was a proponent of community policing, school resource officers, and increasing training standards for all officers. In 1981, when he became Police Chief, the Virginia Beach Police Department’s sworn complement was 397. By the time he retired in 1999, Chief Wall commanded 777 sworn officers. During that time, the Department was aggressive in pursuing federal funding for sworn personnel, and was one of the first departments in the nation to be awarded grant funds through the U. S. Department of Justice COPS Office in 1993 for 28 officers. Grants totaling more than $8 million for about 120 officers were awarded for additional sworn personnel under his tenure as chief. Under his watch, Part I crimes dropped from 56.3 crimes per 1,000 population to 38.5 crimes per 1,000 population. From 1986 – 1997 Chief Wall served on the Board of Directors of Crime Stoppers International, Inc. Following his retirement, he remained an active Board Member of Virginia Beach Crime Solvers. In memory of Chief Wall, Virginia Beach police officers will have their badges draped through the day of his memorial service. There will be two viewing sessions on Thursday, May 21, from 1:00 p.m. until 3:00 p.m. and from 6:00 p.m. until 8:00 p.m., at Smith and Williams Funeral Home, 4889 Princess Anne Road, Virginia Beach. A Memorial Service will be held on Friday, May 22, at 2:00 p.m. at the Church of the Ascension located at 4853 Princess Anne Road, Virginia Beach. A graveside service will follow at Colonial Grove Memorial Park, Princess Anne and Dam Neck Roads. The family has asked that, in lieu of flowers, donations be made to Virginia Beach Crime Solvers, Inc.

Virginia Beach Crime Solvers, Inc. Dan Edwards, Treasurer 1513 Beachview Drive, Virginia Beach 23464

Cards of sympathy may be sent to:

Mrs. Marion Wall C/O The Virginia Beach Police Department 2509 Princess Anne Road, Building #11 Virginia Beach, VA 23456
Please keep Chief Wall and his family in your thoughts and prayers.