GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE UNITED STATES -- A STAT

Hard to overstate the significance of this topic. Unfortunately, the material in here will become more and more depressing as time goes on. Not much hope of any alternative to that.

Re: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE UNITED STATES -- A

Postby admin » Fri Dec 04, 2015 10:56 pm

Part 4 of 4

401 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2009: Risk Reduction Plan: Levees/ Floodwalls/Armoring. [Web site] U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New Orleans District. <http://www.mvn.usace.army.mil/hps2/ hps_levees_flood_armor.asp>

402 Kling, G.W., K. Hayhoe, L.B. Johnson, J.J. Magnuson, S. Polasky, S.K. Robinson, B.J. Shuter, M.M. Wander, D.J. Wuebbles, and D.R. Zak, 2003: Confronting Climate Change in the Great Lakes Region: Impacts on Our Communities and Ecosystems. Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA, and Ecological Society of America, Washington, DC, 92 pp. <http://www.ucsusa.org/great lakes/>

403 Hayhoe, K., D. Wuebbles, and the Climate Science Team, 2008: Climate Change and Chicago: Projections and Potential Impacts. City of Chicago, [175 pp.] <http://www.chicagoclimateaction. org/>

404 Wuebbles, D.J. and K. Hayhoe, 2004: Climate change projections for the United States Midwest. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 9(4), 335-363.

405 Ebi, K.L. and G.A. Meehl, 2007: The heat is on: climate change and heat waves in the Midwest. In: Regional Impacts of Climate Change: Four Case Studies in the United States. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington, VA, pp. 8-21. <http://www. pewclimate.org/regional_impacts>

406 Kalkstein, L.S., J.S. Green, D.M. Mills, A.D. Perrin, J.P. Samenow, and J.-C. Cohen, 2008: Analog European heat waves for U.S. cities to analyze impacts on heat-related mortality. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 89(1), 75-85.

407 Hayhoe, K., S. Sheridan, J.S. Greene and L. Kalkstein, 2009: Climate change, heat waves, and mortality projections for Chicago. Journal of Great Lakes Research, in press.

408 Lin, J.-T., K.O. Patten, X.-Z. Liang, and D.J. Wuebbles, 2008: Climate change effects on ozone air quality in the United States and China with constant precursor emissions. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47(7), 1888-1909.

409 Holloway, T., S.N. Spak, D. Barker, M. Bretl, K. Hayhoe, J. Van Dorn, and D. Wuebbles, 2008: Change in ozone air pollution over Chicago associated with global climate change. Journal of Geophysical Research, 113, D22306, doi:10.1029/2007JD009775.

410 Hedegaard, G.B., J. Brandt, J.H. Christensen, L.M. Frohn, C. Geels, K.M. Hansen, and M. Stendel, 2008: Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere with special focus on Europe and the Arctic. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8(12), 3337-3367.

411 Several different city of Chicago analyses have substantiated the finding of up to 77 degree difference – for example, see City of Chicago, Department of Environment, Undated: City Hall Rooftop Garden. [Web site] <http://egov.cityofchicago.org/city/webpor tal/portalDeptCategoryAction.do?deptCategoryOID=-536889314 &contentType=COC_EDITORIAL&topChannelName=Dept&en tityName=Environment&deptMainCategoryOID=-536887205>

412 Angel, J. and K. Kunkel, 2009: The response of Great Lakes water levels to future climate scenarios with an emphasis of Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research, in press.

413 Annin, P., 2006: The Great Lakes Water Wars. Island Press, Washington, DC, 303 pp.

414 Assel, R.A., 2003: An Electronic Atlas of Great Lakes Ice Cover, Winters: 1973-2002. NOAA Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, 2 CD-ROM set or DVD. <http://www. glerl.noaa.gov/data/ice/atlas>

415 Changnon, S.A. (ed.), 1996: The Great Flood of 1993: Causes, Impacts and Responses. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 321 pp.

416 Changnon, S.A. and K.E. Kunkel, 2006: Severe Storms in the Midwest. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL, 74 pp. <http:// www.sws.uiuc.edu/pubdoc/IEM/ISWSIEM2006-06.pdf>

417 Kunkel, K.E., K. Andsager, G. Conner, W.L. Decker, H.J. Hilaker Jr., P.N. Knox, F.V. Nurnberger, J.C. Rogers, K. Scheeringa, W.M. Wendland, J. Zandlo, and J.R. Angel, 1998: An expanded digital daily database for climatic resources applications in the midwestern United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79(7), 1357-1366.

418 Agricultural Research Service, 1990: USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC, 1 map. Arbor Day Foundation, 2006: Hardiness Zones. [Web site] The Arbor Day Foundation, Nebraska City, NE. <http://www.ar borday.org/media/zones.cfm>

419 Woodhouse, C.A. and J.T. Overpeck, 1998: 2000 years of drought variability in the central United States. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79(12), 2693-2714.

420 DeGaetano, A.T. and R.J. Allen, 2002: Trends in twentieth-century temperature extremes across the United States. Journal of Climate, 15(22), 3188-3205.

421 Garbrecht, J., M. Van Liew, and G.O. Brown, 2004: Trends in precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration in the Great Plains of the United States. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 9(5), 360-367.

422 McGuire, V., 2007: Water-level Changes in the High Plains Aquifer, Predevelopment to 2005 and 2003 to 2005. U.S. Geological Survey scientific investigations report 2006–5324. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 7 pp. <http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5324/>

423 Dennehy, K. 2000: High Plains Regional Ground-Water Study. U.S. Geological Survey fact sheet FS-091-00, 6 pp. <http://pubs.er.usgs. gov/usgspubs/fs/fs09100>

424 Gurdak, J.J., R.T. Hanson, P.B. McMahon, B.W. Bruce, J.E. McCray, G.D. Thyne, and R.C. Reedy, 2007: Climate variability controls on unsaturated water and chemical movement, High Plains aquifer, USA. Vadose Zone Journal, 6(3), 533-547.

425 Green, T.R., M. Taniguchi, and H. Kooi, 2007: Potential impacts of climate change and human activity on subsurface water resources. Vadose Zone Journal, 6(3), 531-532.

426 Data from the PRISM Group, Oregon State University <http:// www.prismclimate.org>; Map created by National Climatic Data Center, March 2009.

427 Mahmood, R., S.A. Foster, T. Keeling, K.G. Hubbard, C. Carlson, and R. Leeper, 2006: Impacts of irrigation on 20th century temperature in the northern Great Plains. Global and Planetary Change, 54(1-2), 1-18.

428 Moore, N. and S. Rojstaczer, 2002: Irrigation’s influence on precipitation: Texas High Plains, USA. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(16), 1755, doi:10.1029/2002GL014940.

429 Schubert, S.D., M.J. Suarez, P.J. Pegion, R.D. Koster, and J.T. Bacmeister, 2004: On the cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl. Science, 303(5665), 1855-1859.

430 Motha, R.P. and W. Baier, 2005: Impacts of present and future climate change and climate variability on agriculture in the temperate regions: North America. Climatic Change, 70(1-2), 137-164.

431 Izaurralde, R.C., N.J. Rosenberg, R.A. Brown, and A.M. Thomson, 2003: Integrated assessment of Hadley Center (HadCM2) climate-change impacts on agricultural productivity and irrigation water supply in the conterminous United States: Part II. Regional agricultural production in 2030 and 2095. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 117(1-2), 97-122.

432 Ziska, L. and K. George, 2004: Rising carbon dioxide and invasive, noxious plants: potential threats and consequences. World Resource Review, 16, 427-447.

433 Parton, W., M. Gutmann, and D. Ojima, 2007: Long-term trends in population, farm income, and crop production in the Great Plains. Bioscience, 57(9), 737-747.

434 Reilly, J., F. Tubiello, B. McCarl, D. Abler, R. Darwin, K. Fuglie, S. Hollinger, C. Izaurralde, S. Jagtap, J. Jones, L. Mearns, D. Ojima, E. Paul, K. Paustian, S. Riha, N. Rosenberg, and C. Rosenzweig, 2003: U.S. agriculture and climate change: new results. Climatic Change, 57(1-2), 43-69.

435 Allen, V.G., C.P. Brown, R. Kellison, E. Segarra, T. Wheeler, P.A. Dotray, J.C. Conkwright, C.J. Green, and V. Acosta-Martinez, 2005: Integrating cotton and beef production to reduce water withdrawal from the Ogallala aquifer in the southern high plains. Agronomy Journal, 97(2), 556-567.

436 Hanson, J.D., M.A. Liebig, S.D. Merrill, D.L. Tanaka, J.M. Krupinsky, and D.E. Stott, 2007: Dynamic cropping systems: increasing adaptability amid an uncertain future. Agronomy Journal, 99(4), 939-943.

437 Cameron, G.N. and D. Scheel, 2001: Getting warmer: effect of global climate change on distribution of rodents in Texas. Journal of Mammalogy, 82(3), 652-680.

438 Levia, D.F. and E.E. Frost, 2004: Assessment of climatic suitability for the expansion of Solenopsis invicta Buren in Oklahoma using three general circulation models. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 79(1-2), 23-30.

439 Peterson, A.T., 2003: Projected climate change effects on Rocky Mountain and Great Plains birds: generalities of biodiversity consequences. Global Change Biology, 9(5), 647-655.

440 Niemuth, N.D. and J.W. Solberg, 2003: Response of waterbirds to number of wetlands in the prairie pothole region of North Dakota, USA. Waterbirds, 26(2), 233-238.

441 Conway, W.C., L.M. Smith, and J.D. Ray, 2005: Shorebird breeding biology in wetlands of the Playa Lakes, Texas, USA. Waterbirds, 28(2), 129-138.

442 Scanlon, B., R. Reedy, and J. Tachovsky, 2007: Semiarid unsaturated zone chloride profiles: archives of past land use change impacts on water resources in the southern High Plains, United States. Water Resources Research, 43, W06423, doi:10.1029/2006WR005769.

443 Haukos, D.A. and L.M. Smith, 2003: Past and future impacts of wetland regulations on playa ecology in the southern Great Plains. Wetlands, 23(3), 577-589.

444 Matthews, J., 2008: Anthropogenic Climate Change in the Playa Lakes Joint Venture Region: Understanding Impacts, Discerning Trends, and Developing Responses. Playa Lakes Joint Venture, Lafayette, CO, 40 pp. <http://www.pljv.org/cms/climate-change>

445 Playa Lakes Joint Venture, Undated: Playas and the Ogallala Aquifer – What’s the Connection? Playa Lakes Joint Venture, Lafayette, CO, 2 pp. <http://www.pljv.org/assets/Media/Recharge.pdf>

446 U.S. Census Bureau, 2007: Census Bureau Announces Most Populous Cities. Press release June 28, 2007. <http://www.census.gov/ Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/010315.html>

447 Ebi, K.L., D.M. Mills, J.B. Smith, and A. Grambsch, 2006: Climate change and human health impacts in the United States: an update on the results of the US national assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives, 114(9), 1318-1324.

448 Nielsen, D.C., P.W. Unger, and P.R. Miller, 2005: Efficient water use in dryland cropping systems in the Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 97(2), 364-372.

449 NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center, 2008: Southwest region Palmer Hydrological Drought index (PHDI). In: Climate of 2008 – October: Southwest Region Moisture Status. [Web site] NOAA National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC. <http://www.ncdc. noaa.gov/img/climate/research/prelim/drought/Reg107Dv00_ palm06_pg.gif>

450 Guhathakurta, S. and P. Gober, 2007: The impact of the Phoenix urban heat island on residential water use. Journal of the American Planning Association, 73(3), 317-329.

451 Gleick, P.H., 1988: Regional hydrologic consequences of increases in atmospheric CO2 and other trace gases. Climatic Change, 10(2), 137-160.

452 Woodhouse, C.A., S.T. Gray, and D.M. Meko, 2006: Updated streamflow reconstructions for the upper Colorado River basin. Water Resources Research, 42, W05415, doi:10.1029/2005WR004455.

453 Meko, D.M., C.A. Woodhouse, C.A. Basisan, T. Knight, J.J. Lukas, M.K. Hughes, and M.W. Salzer, 2007: Medieval drought in the upper Colorado River basin. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L10705, doi:10.1029/2007GL029988.

454 Stine, S., 1994: Extreme and persistent drought in California and Patagonia during mediaeval time. Nature, 369(6481), 546-549.

455 Breshears, D.D., N.S. Cobb, P.M. Rich, K.P. Price, C.D. Allen, R.G. Balice, W.H. Romme, J.H. Hastens, M.L. Floyd, J. Belnap, J.J. Anderson, O.B. Myers, and C.W. Meyer, 2005: Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(42), 15144-15148.

456 Archer, C.L. and K. Caldiera, 2008: Historical trends in the jet streams. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L08803, doi:10.1029/2008GL033614.

457 McAfee, S.A. and J.L. Russell, 2008: Northern annular mode impact on spring climate in the western United States. Geophysical Research Letters, 35, L17701, doi:10.1029/2008GL034828.

458 Westerling, A.L., H.G. Hidalgo, D.R. Cayan, and T.W. Swetnam, 2006: Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science, 313(5789), 940-943.

459 Lenihan, J.M., D. Bachelet, R.P. Neilson, and R. Drapek, 2008: Response of vegetation distribution, ecosystem productivity, and fire to climate change scenarios for California. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S215-S230.

460 Westerling, A.L. and B.P. Bryant, 2008: Climate change and wildfire in California. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S231-S249.

461 Fried, J.S., J.K. Gilless, W.J. Riley, T.J. Moody, C.S. de Blas, K. Hayhoe, M. Moritz, S. Stephens and M. Torn, 2008: Predicting the effect of climate change on wildfire behavior and initial attack success. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S251-S264.

462 Moritz, M.A. and S.L. Stephens, 2008: Fire and sustainability: considerations for California’s altered future climate. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S265-S271.

463 Rehfeldt, G.E., N.L. Crookston, M.V. Warwell, and J.S. Evans, 2006: Empirical analyses of plant-climate relationships for the western United States. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 167(6), 1123-1150.

464 Weiss, J. and J.T. Overpeck, 2005: Is the Sonoran Desert losing its cool? Global Change Biology, 11(12), 2065-2077.

465 Dole, K.P., M.E. Loik, and L.C. Sloan, 2003: The relative importance of climate change and the physiological effects CO2 on freezing tolerance for the future distribution of Yucca brevifolia. Global and Planetary Change, 36(1-2), 137-146.

466 Loarie, S.R., B.E. Carter, K. Hayhoe, S. McMahon, R. Moe, C.A. Knight, and D.D. Ackerley, 2008: Climate change and the future of California’s endemic flora. PLoS ONE, 3(6), e2502, doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0002502.

467 Myers, N., R.A. Mittermeier, C.G. Mittermeier, G.A.B. daFonseca, and J. Kent, 2000: Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853-858.

468 Mittermeier R.A., P. Robles Gil, M. Hoffman, J. Pilgrim, T. Brooks, C. Goettsch Mittermeier, J. Lamoreux, and G.A.B. da Fonseca, 2005: Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions. Conservation International, Washington DC, 392 pp.

469 Farjon, A. and C.N. Page (eds.), 1999: Conifers: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Conifer Special Group. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK, 121 pp.

470 Nixon, K.C., 1993: The genus Quercus in Mexico. In: Biological Diversity of Mexico: Origins and Distribution [Ramamoorthy, T.P., R. Bye, A. Lot, and J. Fa (eds.)]. Oxford University Press, New York, 812 pp.

471 Brower, L.P., G. Castilleja, A. Peralta, J. López-García, L. Bojórquez-Tapia, S. Díaz, D. Melgarejo, and M. Missrie, 2002: Quantitative changes in forest quality in a principal overwintering area of the monarch butterfly in Mexico, 1971–1999. Conservation Biology, 16(2), 346-359.

472 Goodrich, G. and A. Ellis, 2008: Climatic controls and hydrologic impacts of a recent extreme seasonal precipitation reversal in Arizona. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 47(2), 498-508.

473 Allan, R.P. and B.J. Soden, 2008: Atmospheric warming and the amplifications of precipitation extremes. Science, 321(5895), 1481-1484.

474 Bales, R.C., N.P. Molotch, T.H. Painter, M.D. Dettinger, R. Rice, and J. Dozier, 2006: Mountain hydrology of the western United States. Water Resources Research, 42, W08432, doi:10.1029/2005WR004387.

475 Delta Risk Management Strategy, 2008: Section 2: Sacramento/San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Marsh. In: Phase I Report: Risk Analysis. California Department of Water Resources, [13 pp.] <http://www. drms.water.ca.gov>

476 Delta Risk Management Strategy, 2008: Summary report. In: Phase I Report: Risk Analsysis. California Department of Water Resources, [42 pp.]. <http://www.drms.water.ca.gov>

477 Zimmerman, G., C. O’Brady, and B. Hurlbutt, 2006: Climate change: modeling a warmer Rockies and assessing the implications. In: The 2006 State of the Rockies Report Card. Colorado College, Colorado Springs, pp. 89-102. <http://www.coloradoco llege.edu/stateoftherockies/06ReportCard.html>

478 Lazar, B. and M. Williams, 2008: Climate change in western ski areas: potential changes in the timing of wet avalanches and snow quality for the Aspen ski areas in the years 2030 and 2100. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 51(2-3), 219-228.

479 Kleeman, M.J., 2008: A preliminary assessment of the sensitivity of air quality in California to global change. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S273-S292.

480 Vicuna, S., R. Leonardson, M.W. Hanemann, L.L. Dale, and J.A. Dracup, 2008: Climate change impacts on high elevation hydropower generation in California’s Sierra Nevada: a case study in the upper American River. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S123-S137.

481 Medellín-Azuara, J., J.J. Harou, M.A. Olivares, K. Madani, J.R. Lund, R.E. Howitt, S.K. Tanaka, M.W. Jenkins, and T. Zhu, 2008: Adaptability and adaptations of California’s water supply system to dry climate warming. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S75-S90.

482 Baldocchi, D. and S. Wong, 2008: Accumulated winter chill is decreasing in the fruit growing regions of California. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S153-S166.

483 Lobell, D., C. Field, K. Nicholas Cahill, and C. Bonfils, 2006: Impacts of future climate change on California perennial crop yields: model projections with climate and crop uncertainties. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 141(2-4), 208-218.

484 Purkey, D.R., B. Joyce, S. Vicuna, M.W. Hanemann, L.L. Dale, D. Yates, and J.A. Dracup, 2008: Robust analysis of future climate change impacts on water for agriculture and other sectors: a case study in the Sacramento Valley. Climatic Change, 87(Supplement 1), S109-S122.

485 Mote, P.W., 2003: Trends in temperature and precipitation in the Pacific Northwest during the twentieth century. Northwest Science, 77(4), 271-282.

486 Mote, P., E. Salathé, V. Dulière, and E. Jump, 2008: Scenarios of Future Climate for the Pacific Northwest. Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle, 12 pp. <http://cses.washington. edu/db/pubs/abstract628.shtml>

487 Hamlet, A.F., P.W. Mote, M. Clark, and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2005: Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western United States. Journal of Climate, 18(21), 4545-4561.

488 Mote, P.W., 2006: Climate-driven variability and trends in mountain snowpack in western North America. Journal of Climate, 19(23), 6209-6220.

489 Payne, J.T., A.W. Wood, A.F. Hamlet, R.N. Palmer, and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2004: Mitigating the effects of climate change on the water resources of the Columbia River basin. Climatic Change, 62(1-3), 233-256.

490 Figure provided by the Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, Seattle. <http://cses.washington.edu/cig/>

491 Mote, P.W., A.F. Hamlet, M.P. Clark, and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2005: Declining mountain snowpack in western North America. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 86(1), 39-49.

492 Hamlet, A.F. and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2007: Effects of 20th century warming and climate variability on flood risk in the western U.S. Water Resources Research, 43, W06427, doi:10.1029/2006WR005099.

493 Bonneville Power Administration, 2001: The Columbia River System Inside Story. Internal report DOE/BP-3372. Bonneville Power Administration, Portland OR, 2nd edition, 78 pp. <http://www. bpa.gov/corporate/Power_of_Learning/docs/columbia_river_in side_story.pdf>

494 Casola, J.H., J.E. Kay, A.K. Snover, R.A. Norheim, L.C. Whitely Binder, and Climate Impacts Group, 2005: Climate Impacts on Washington’s Hydropower, Water Supply, Forests, Fish, and Agriculture. Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, 43 pp. <http://cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/kc05white paper459.pdf>

495 Ministry of the Environment, British Columbia, Canada, 2007: Environmental Trends 2007: The Mountain Pine Beetle in British Columbia. <http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/soe/et07/pinebeetle.html>

496 Francis, R.C. and N.J. Mantua, 2003: Climatic influences on salmon populations in the northeast Pacific. In: Assessing Extinction Risk for West Coast Salmon [MacCall, A.D. and T.C. Wainwright (eds.)]. NOAA technical memo NMFS-NWFSC-56. National Marine Fisheries Service, [Washington, DC], pp. 37-67. <http://www. nwfsc.noaa.gov/assets/25/3946_06162004_130044_tm56.pdf>

497 Salathé, E.P., 2005: Downscaling simulations of future global climate with application to hydrologic modelling. International Journal of Climatology, 25(4), 419-436.

498 Mote, P.W., A. Petersen, S. Reeder, H. Shipman, and L. Whitely Binder, 2008: Sea Level Rise Scenarios for Washington State. Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington, Seattle, and Washington Department of Ecology, Lacey, 11 pp. <http:// www.cses.washington.edu/db/pdf/moteetalslr579.pdf>

499 Petersen, A.W., 2007: Anticipating Sea Level Rise Response in Puget Sound. M.M.A. thesis, School of Marine Affairs. University of Washington, Seattle, 73 pp.

500 Snover, A.K., L. Whitely Binder, J. Lopez, E. Willmott, J. Kay, D. Howell, and J. Simmonds, 2007: Preparing for Climate Change: A Guidebook for Local, Regional, and State Governments. The Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington, and King County, Washington, in association with and published by ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability, Oakland, CA, 172 pp.

501 Fitzpatrick, J., R.B. Alley, J. Brigham-Grette, G.H. Miller, L. Polyak, and M. Serreze, 2008: Preface: Why and how to use this synthesis and assessment report. In: Past Climate Variability and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitude. Synthesis and Assessment Product 1.2. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, pp. 8-21. 502 Data provided by Dr. Glenn Juday, School of Natural Resources and Agricultural Science, Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

503 Euskirchen, E.S., A.D. McGuire, D.W. Kicklighter, Q. Zhuang, J.S. Clein, R.J. Dargaville, D.G. Dye, J.S. Kimball, K.C. McDonald, V.E. Melillo, V.E. Romanovsky, and N.V. Smith, 2006: Importance of recent shifts in soil thermal dynamics on growing season length, productivity, and carbon sequestration in terrestrial high-latitude ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 12(4), 731-750.

504 Euskirchen, E.S., A.D. McGuire, and F.S. Chapin III, 2007: Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming. Global Change Biology, 13(11), 2425-2438.

505 Barber, V.A., G.P. Juday, and B.P. Finney, 2000: Reduced growth of Alaskan white spruce in the twentieth century from temperatureinduced drought stress. Nature, 405 (6787), 668-673.

506 Juday, G.P., V. Barber, P. Duffy, H. Linderholm, T.S. Rupp, S. Sparrow, E. Vaganov, and J. Yarie, 2005: Forests, land management, and agriculture. In: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, pp. 781- 862. <http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/scientific.html>

507 Balshi, M.S., A.D. McGuire, P. Duffy, M. Flannigan, J. Walsh, and J.M. Melillo, 2008: Assessing the response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach. Global Change Biology, 15(3), 578-600.

508 Berman, M., G.P. Juday, and R. Burnside, 1999: Climate change and Alaska’s forests: people, problems, and policies. In: Assessing the Consequences of Climate Change in Alaska and the Bering Sea Region. Proceedings of a workshop at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, 29-30 October 1998. Center for Global Change and Arctic System Research, University of Alaska, pp. 21-42.

509 Fleming, R.A. and W.J.A. Volney, 1995: Effects of climate change on insect defoliator population processes in Canada’s boreal forest: some plausible scenarios. Water, Soil, and Air Pollution, 82(1-2), 445-454.

510 Kasischke, E.S. and M.R. Turetsky, 2006: Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American boreal region - spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L09703, doi:10.1029/2006GL025677.

511 Chapin, F.S., III, S.F. Trainor, O. Huntington, A.L. Lovecraft, E. Zavaleta, D.C. Natcher, A.D. McGuire, J.L. Nelson, L. Ray, M. Calef, N. Fresco, H. Huntington, T.S. Rupp, L. DeWilde, and R.A. Naylor, 2008: Increasing wildfire in Alaska’s boreal forest: pathways to potential solutions of a wicked problem. BioScience, 58(6), 531-540.

512 Berner, J. and C. Furgal, 2005: Human health. In: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, pp. 863-906. <http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/sci entific.html>

513 Klein, E., E.E. Berg, and R. Dial, 2005: Wetland drying and succession across the Kenai Peninsula Lowlands, south-central Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35(8), 1931-1941.

514 Riordan, B., D. Verbyla, and A.D. McGuire, 2006: Shrinking ponds in subarctic Alaska based on 1950–2002 remotely sensed images. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, G04002, doi:10.1029/2005JG000150.

515 Osterkamp, T., 2007: Characteristics of the recent warming of permafrost in Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, F02S02, doi:10.1029/2006JF000578.

516 Instanes, A., O. Anisimov, L. Brigham, D. Goering, L.N. Khrustalev, B. Ladanyi, and J.O. Larsen, 2005: Infrastructure: buildings, support systems, and industrial facilities. In: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, pp. 907-944. <http://www.acia.uaf.edu/pages/ scientific.html>

517 Brown, J. and V.E. Romanovsky, 2008: Report from the International Permafrost Association: State of permafrost in the first decade of the 21st century. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 19(2), 255-260.

518 Busey, R.C., L.D. Hinzman, J.J. Cassano, and E. Cassano, 2008: Permafrost distributions on the Seward Peninsula: past, present, and future. In: Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Permafrost, University of Alaska Fairbanks, June 29-July 3, 2008 [Kane, D.L. and K.M. Hinkel (eds.)]. Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, pp. 215-220.

519 Shumaker, V.O., 1979: The Alaska Pipeline. Julian Messner, New York, 64 pp.

520 Bengtsson, L., K.I. Hodges, and E. Roeckner, 2006: Storm tracks and climate change. Journal of Climate, 19(15), 3518-3543.

521 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2008: Newtok Evacuation Center, Mertarvik, Nelson Island, Alaska. Revised environmental assessment. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Alaska District, [Elmendorf AFB, 64 pp.]

522 Jones, B.M., C.D. Arp, M.T. Jorgenson, K.M. Hinkel, J.A. Schmutz, and P.L. Flint, 2009: Increase in the rate and uniformity of coastline erosion in Arctic Alaska. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L03503, doi:10.1029/2008GL036205.

523 Yin, J.H., 2005: A consistent poleward shift of the storm tracks in simulations of 21st century climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L18701, doi:10.1029/2005GL023684.

524 Salathé, E.P., Jr., 2006: Influences of a shift in North Pacific storm tracks on western North American precipitation under global warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L19820, doi:10.1029/2006GL026882.

525 Data provided by Dr. David Atkinson, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, Fairbanks.

526 Feely, R.A., C.L. Sabine, K. Lee, W. Berelson, J. Kleypas, V.J. Fabry and F.J. Millero, 2004: Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science, 305(5682), 362-366.

527 Grebmeier, J.M., J.E. Overland, S.E. Moore, E.V. Farley, E.C. Carmack, L.W. Cooper, K.E. Frey, J.H. Helle, F.A. McLaughlin, and S.L. McNutt, 2006: A major ecosystem shift in the northern Bering Sea. Science, 311(5766), 1461-1464.

528 Ray, G.C., J. McCormick-Ray, P. Berg, and H.E. Epstein, 2006: Pacific walrus: benthic bioturbator of Beringia. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 330(1), 403-419.

529 Mueter, F.J. and M.A. Litzow, 2007: Sea ice retreat alters the biogeography of the Bering Sea continental shelf. Ecological Applications, 18(2), 309-320.

530 Shea, E.L., G. Dolcemascolo, C.L. Anderson, A. Barnston, C.P. Guard, M.P. Hamnett, S.T. Kubota, N. Lewis, J. Loschnigg, and G. Meehl, 2001: Preparing for a Changing Climate: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change: Pacific Islands. East-West Center, Honolulu, HI, 102 pp. <http://www2.eastwest center.org/climate/assessment/>

531 Guidry, M.W. and F.T. Mackenzie, 2006: Climate Change, Water Resources, and Sustainability in the Pacific Basin: Emphasis on O’ahu, Hawai’I and Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program, Honolulu, 100 pp. <http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/hawau/hawaut06001.pdf>

532 CEO, 2004: Caribbean Environmental Outlook. [Heileman, S., L.J. Walling, C. Douglas, M. Mason, and M. Chevannes-Creary (eds.)]. United Nations Environmental Programme, Kingston, Jamaica, 114 pp. <http://www.unep.org/geo/pdfs/caribbean_eo.pdf>

533 Church, J.A., N.J. White, and J.R. Hunter, 2006: Sea-level rise at tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean islands. Global and Planetary Change, 53(3), 155-168.

534 Burns, W.C.G., 2002: Pacific island developing country water resources and climate change. In: The World’s Water [Gleick, P. (ed.)]. Island Press, Washington, DC, 3rd edition, pp. 113-132.

535 Baker, J.D., C.L. Littnan, and D.W. Johnston, 2006: Potential effects of sea level rise on the terrestrial habitats of endangered and endemic megafauna in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Endangered Species Research, 2, 21-30.

536 Firing, Y. and M.A. Merrifield, 2004: Extreme sea level events at Hawaii: influence of mesoscale eddies. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L24306, doi:10.1029/2004GL021539.

537 Scott, D., M. Overmars, T. Falkland, and C. Carpenter, 2003: Pacific Dialogue on Water and Climate, Synthesis Report. South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission, Fiji Islands, 28 pp. <http:// www.oas.org/CDWC/Documents/SIDS%20Paper/Pacific%20Re port%20-%20Final.pdf>

538 Hay, J., N. Mimura, J. Campbell, S. Fifita, K. Koshy, R.F. McLean, T. Nakalevu, P. Nunn, and N. deWet, 2003: Climate Variability and Change and Sea Level Rise in the Pacific Islands Regions: A Resource Book for Policy and Decision Makers, Educators and Other Stakeholders. South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP), Apia, Samoa, 94 pp. <http://www.sprep.org/ publication/pub_detail.asp?id=181>

539 Gillespie, R.G., E.M. Claridge, and G.K. Roderick, 2008: Biodiversity dynamics in isolated island communities: interaction between natural and human-mediated processes. Molecular Ecology, 17(1), 45-57.

540 Becken, S. and J.E. Hay, 2007: Tourism and Climate Change: Risks and Opportunities. Channel View Publications, Clevedon, UK, and Buffalo, NY, 329 pp.

541 State of Hawaii, Division of Business, Economic Development, and Tourism, 2008: Facts and Figures: State of Hawaii. [Web site] <http://hawaii.gov/dbedt/info/economic/library/facts/state>

542 Cesar, H.S.F. and F.H. van Beukering, 2004: Economic valuation of the coral reefs of Hawaii. Pacific Science, 58(2), 231-242.

543 Hoegh-Guldberg, O., P.J. Mumby, A.J. Hooten, R.S. Steneck, P. Greenfield, E. Gomez, C.D. Harvell, P.F. Sale, A.J. Edwards, K. Caldeira, N. Knowlton, C.M. Eakin, R. Iglesias-Prieto, N. Muthiga, R.H. Bradbury, A. Dubi, and M.E. Hatziolos, 2007: Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science, 318(5857), 1737-1742.

544 Donner, S.D., W.J. Skirving, C.M. Little, M. Oppenheimer, and O. Hoegh-Guldberg, 2005: Global assessment of coral bleaching and required rates of adaptation under climate change. Global Change Biology, 11(12), 2251-2265.

545 Paulay, G., L. Kirkendale, G. Lambert, and C. Meyer, 2002: Anthropogenic biotic interchange in a coral reef ecosystem: a case study from Guam. Pacific Science, 56(4), 403-422.

546 Hotta, M., 2000: The sustainable contribution of fisheries to food security in the Asia and Pacific region: regional synthesis. In: Sustainable Contribution of Fisheries to Food Security. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 1-28. <http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X6956E/ x6956e02.htm>

547 Graham, N.A.J., S.K. Wilson, S. Jennings, N.V.C. Polunin, J.P. Bijoux, and J. Robinson, 2006: Dynamic fragility of oceanic coral reef ecosystems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(22), 8425-8429.

548 Lehodey, O., M. Bertignac, J. Hampton, A. Lewis, and J. Picaut, 1997: El Niño Southern Oscillation and tuna in the western Pacific. Nature, 389(6652), 715-718.

549 Crowell, M., S. Edelman, K. Coulton, and S. McAfee, 2007: How many people live in coastal areas? Journal of Coastal Research, 23(5), iii-vi.

550 Gill, S.K., R. Wright, J.G. Titus, R. Kafalenos, and K. Wright, 2009: Population, land use, and infrastructure. In: Coastal Elevations and Sensitivity to Sea-level Rise: A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region [J.G. Titus (coordinating lead author), K.E. Anderson, D.R. Cahoon, D.B. Gesch, S.K. Gill, B.T. Gutierrez, E.R. Thieler, and S.J. Williams (lead authors)]. Synthesis and Assessment Product 4.1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, pp. 105-116.

551 U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, 2004: An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century. U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, Washington, DC. <http://www.oceancommission.gov/documents/full_color_ rpt/welcome.html>

552 Day, J.W., Jr., D.F. Boesch, E.J. Clairain, G.P. Kemp, S.B. Laska, W.J. Mitsch, K. Orth, H. Mashriqui, D.J. Reed, L. Shabman, C.A. Simenstad, B.J. Streever, R.R. Twilley, C.C. Watson, J.T. Wells, and D.F. Whigham, 2007: Restoration of the Mississippi Delta: essons from hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Science, 315(5819), 1679-1684.

553 Boesch, D.F. (ed.), 2008: Global Warming and the Free State: Comprehensive Assessment of Climate Change Impacts in Maryland. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MA, 85 pp. <http://www.umces.edu/climateimpacts/>

554 Cazenave, A., K. Dominh, S. Guinehut, E. Berthier, W. Llovel, G. Ramillien, M. Ablain, and G. Larnicol, 2009: Sea level budget over 2003–2008: a reevaluation from GRACE space gravimetry, satellite altimetry and Argo. Global and Planetary Change, 65(1-2), 83-88.

555 Vaughan, D.G. and R. Arthern, 2007: Why is it hard to predict the future of ice sheets? Science, 315(5818), 1503-1504.

556 Justić, D., N.N. Rabalais, and R.E. Turner, 2003: Simulated responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading. Journal of Marine Systems, 42(2-3), 115-126.

557 Boesch, D.F., V.J. Coles, D.G. Kimmel, and W.D. Miller, 2007: Coastal dead zones and global climate change: ramifications of climate change for Chesapeake Bay hypoxia. In: Regional Impacts of Climate Change: Four Case Studies in the United States. Pew Center for Global Climate Change, Arlington, VA, pp. 57-70. <http://www.pewclimate.org/regional_impacts>

558 Wicks, C., D. Jasinski, and B. Longstaff, 2007: Breath of Life: Dissolved Oxygen in Chesapeake Bay. EcoCheck, Oxford, MD, 4 pp. <http://www.eco-check.org/pdfs/do_letter.pdf>

559 Kimmerer, W.J., E. Garside, and J.J. Orsi, 1994: Predation by an introduced clam as the likely cause of substantial declines in zooplankton of San Francisco Bay. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 113, 81-93.

560 Carpenter, K.E., M. Abrar, G. Aeby, R.B. Aronson, S. Banks, A. Bruckner, A. Chiriboga, J. Cortés, J.C. Delbeek, L. DeVantier, G.J. Edgar, A.J. Edwards, D. Fenner, H.M. Guzmán, B.W. Hoeksema, G. Hodgson, O. Johan, W.Y. Licuanan, S.R. Livingstone, E.R. Lovell, J.A. Moore, D.O. Obura, D. Ochavillo, B.A. Polidoro, W.F. Precht, M.C. Quibilan, C. Reboton, Z.T. Richards, A.D. Rogers, J. Sanciangco, A. Sheppard, C. Sheppard, J. Smith, S. Stuart, E. Turak, J.E.N. Veron, C. Wallace, E. Weil, and E. Wood, 2008: One-third of reef-building corals face elevated extinction risk from climate change and local impacts. Science, 321(5888), 560-563.

561 Chan, F., J.A. Barth, J. Lubchenco, A. Kirincich, H. Weeks, W.T. Peterson, and B.A. Menge, 2008: Emergence of anoxia in the California current large marine ecosystem. Science, 319(5865), 920.

562 Data for hypoxia distribution maps made available by Dr. Bill Peterson, (NOAA), the Bonneville Power Administration, Drs. Francis Chan and Jane Lubchenco, (PISCO, Partnership for Interdisciplinary Studies of Coastal Oceans), Drs. Jack Barth and Steve Pierce (Oregon State University/College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences) and NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center.

563 Crozier, L.G., A.P. Hendry, P.W. Lawson, T.P. Quinn, N.J. Mantua, J. Battin, R.G. Shaw, and R.B. Huey, 2008: Potential responses to climate change in organisms with complex life histories: evolution and plasticity in Pacific salmon. Evolutionary Applications, 1(2), 252-270.

564 Hondzo, M. and H.G. Stefan, 1991: Three case studies of lake temperature and stratification response to warmer climate. Water Resoures Research, 27(8), 1837-1846.

565 Morel, F.M.M., A.M.L. Kraepiel, and M. Amyot, 1998: The chemical cycle and bioaccumulation of mercury. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 29, 543-566.

566 Williamson, C.E., J.E. Saros, and D.W. Schindler, 2009: Sentinels of change. Science, 323(5916), 887-888.

567 Stachowicz, J.J., J.R. Terwin, R.B. Whitlatch, and R.W. Osman, 2002: Linking climate change and biological invasions: ocean warming facilitates nonindigenous species invasions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(24), 15497-15500.

568 Keleher, C.J. and F.J. Rahel, 1996: Thermal limits to salmonid distributions in the Rocky Mountain region and potential habitat loss due to global warming: A Geographic Information System (GIS) approach. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 125(1), 1-13.

569 McCullough, D., S. Spalding, D. Sturdevant, and M. Hicks, 2001: Issue Paper 5: Summary of Technical Literature Examining the Physiological Effects of Temperature on Salmonids. EPA-910-D- 01-005, prepared as part of U.S. EPA Region 10 Temperature Water Quality Criteria Guidance Development Project. [EPA Pacific Northwest Regional Office (Region 10), Seattle, WA], 114 pp.
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Re: GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS IN THE UNITED STATES -- A

Postby admin » Fri Dec 04, 2015 10:57 pm

Photo And figure Credits

Cover: Blue marble, USA, NASA WorldWind

Inside Cover: USA map, NOAA/NCDC; Water glass,
©iStockphotos.com/luchschen; Tractor trailer ©iStockphotos.com/Clayton Hansen; Hospital scene, ©iStockphotos.com/Jeffrey Smith; San Francisco, Grant Goodge,STG Inc.

Table of Contents: Planet Earth, NASA; Water glass,©iStockphotos.com/luchschen; Tractor trailer©iStockphotos.com/Clayton Hansen; Hospital scene, ©iStockphotos.com/Jeffrey Smith; San
Francisco, Grant Goodge,STG Inc.

Throughout the report, Adaptation title texture, ©iStockphotos.com/Bill Noll

Page 6, 13: Planet Earth, NASA

Page 38: Lake Effect snow, Dave Kelly, NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory

Page 41: Water glass,©iStockphotos.com/luchschen; Skagit River, Philip Mote PhD, Climate Impacts Group, Univ. of Washington

Page 47: Turbidity in New York City’s Ashokan, Thurlough Smyth, Climate Change Planning,New York City Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Environmental Planning & Assessment

Page 48: Flood water road damage, Grant Goodge, STG Inc.

Page 51: Two Lake Powell photos, John C. Dohrenwend

Page 52: Water and energy corner schematic, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA and Tetra Tech Inc., Lafayette, CA

Page 59: St. Lucie power plant, CCSP SAP 4.5

Page 55: Map, Rocky Bilotta, Earth Resources Technology

Page 60: Hydro-electric dam, Philip Mote PhD, Climate Impacts Group, Univ. of Washington; Ship, NOAA

Page 61: Tractor trailer©iStockphotos.com/claylib; Houses against bridge, Associated Press/Jeff Roberson

Page 65: Kosrae Island photo, John E. Hay

Page 66: Flooded railway Plainfield, IA, Don Becker, USGS

Page 68: Broken bridge, Joe Furr

Page 75: CO2 plant photos, Lewis Ziska, USDA ARS

Page 80: Edith’s checkerspot butterfly, Camille Parmesan, University of Texas at Austin

Page 83: Rob Wu, CCSP SAP 4.3

Page 85: Polar bear, Mike Dunn, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences

Page 86: Pika, ©iStockphotos.com/Global Exposure; Climate change graphic depicting the changing forests, Boston Globe/Landov

Page 89: Hospital scene, ©iStockphotos.com/Jeffrey Smith

Page 91: Urban heat island, ©Crown Copyright and Licensing, Canada

Page 92: New York and Atlanta smog, Paul Grabhorn

Page 93: Los Angeles smog, ©iStockphotos.com/Stein Photo

Page 95: Mosquito, upper corner, ©iStockphotos.com/Julie Le de Leseleuc; Virus cycle illustration, Deborah Misch, STG Inc.

Page 97: Poison ivy plant and girl scratching, Sara Veasey, NOAA/NCDC

Page 98: EMS officer and woman, Sara Veasey, NOAA/NCDC

Page 99: San Franciso, Grant Goodge, STG Inc., Midwest flood, Associated Press/Jeff Roberson

Page 101: Person in floodwater, Associated Press/Dave Martin; Aerial flood, USGS

Page 109: New York City, Applied Science Associates, Inc.; Boston Deer Island sewage plant, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority

Page 113: Dry Lake Lanier, Kent Frantz, NOAA National Weather Service Southern Regional Headquarters

Page 114: Barrier islands, USGS

Page 115: Fish plant, Barataria Terrebonne; Flooded area, Dr. Kerry St. Pé of the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary program

Page 116: Flood levee, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Page 118: Chicago map, City of Chicago; Thermal image, Chicago Police Department and the Cook County Sheriff’s Department

Page 120: Flooded highway, Missouri Highway & Transportation Department/USGS; Flood of 1993, NOAA

Page 125: Dust bowl, NOAA

Page 126: Mallard duck, ©iStockphotos.com/Andy Gehrig

Page 127: Playa lakes, Katharine Hayhoe, Texas Tech University

Page 128: Seedlings, USDA/NRCS

Page 132: Map, Rocky Bilotta, Earth Resources Technology

Page 142: Alaska pipeline, SSgt. Joshua Strang, U.S. Air Force

Page 143: Leaning trees, NOAA

Page 147: El Niño billboard, NOAA National Weather Service Pacific Region Headquarters

Page 148: Micronesia, Eric L. Gilman

Page 150: Ghost swamp, USGS, National Wetlands Research Center

Page 152: Sea wall, Jack Pellette, National Weather Service

Contact Information

Global Change Research Information Office
c/o U.S. Global Change Research Program Office
1717 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Suite 250
Washington, DC 20006
202-223-6262 (voice)
202-223-3065 (fax)
To obtain a copy of this document, place an order at the Global Change Research Information Office (GCRIO) web site:
http://www.gcrio.org/orders

U.S. Global Change Research Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research

Jack Kaye, Vice Chair,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Acting Director, U.S. Global Change Research
Program

Allen Dearry
Department of Health and Human Services

Anna Palmisano
Department of Energy

Mary Glackin
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Charles Vincent
Department of Defense

William Hohenstein
Department of Agriculture

Linda Lawson
Department of Transportation

Thomas Armstrong
U.S. Geological Survey

Tim Killeen
National Science Foundation

Patrick Neale
Smithsonian Institution

William Breed
U.S. Agency for International Development

Joel Scheraga
Environmental Protection Agency

Jonathan Pershing
Department of State

EXECUTIVE OFFICE AND OTHER LIAISONS

Robert Marlay
Climate Change Technology Program

Katharine Gebbie
National Institute of Standards & Technology

Jason Bordoff
Council on Environmental Quality

Philip DeCola
Office of Science and Technology Policy

Stuart Levenbach
Office of Management and Budget

Margaret McCalla
Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology

Howard Frumkin
Center for Disease Control

Image

This book summarizes the science of climate change and the impacts of climate change on the United States, now and in the future. It is an authoritative scientific report written in plain language, with the goal of better informing public and private decision making at all levels.

U.S. Global Change Research Program

http://www.globalchange.gov

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
www.cambridge.org
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