THE TRANSFER AGREEMENT: THE DRAMATIC STORY OF THE PACT BETWE

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NOTES

CHAPTER 1

1. Arthur D. Morse, While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy (New York: Ace, 1968), 101: John Fox, "Great Britain and the Jews, 1933," Wiener Library Bulletin XXVI (nos. 1-2 [1972], n.s. nos. 26-27): 40-46; telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon), " FRUS (1933) II: 337: "Joint Statement by President Roosevelt and the German Representative (Schacht)," FRUS (1933) I: 505; see Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (New York: Macmillan, 1948), I: 231, 383; also see Hull, Memoirs, II: 978; see Naomi Cohen, Not Free to Desist: The American Jewish Committee, 1906-1966 (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1972), 162; "Hull Obtains Consul's Data on Jews, " Chicago Sunday Tribune, Mar. 26, 1933.

2. Nathan Schachner, The Price of Liberty: A History of the American Jewish Committee (New York: AJC, 1948), Eric E. Hirshler, "Jews From Germany in the United States," Jews From Germany in the United States, ed. Eric E. Hirshler (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cuddahy, 1955), 72-75: Moses Rischin, The Promised City: New York's Jews, 1870-1914 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard, 1977), 95-98; HS, June 15, 1894, as quoted in Rischin, 97; Edward E. Grusb, B'nai B'rith: The Story of a Covenant (N.Y.: Appleton-Century, 1966), vii, 12-23, 89-90, 113, 125.

3. Edward E. Grusd, B'nai B'rith: The Story of a Covenant (New York: Appleton-Century, 1966), vii, 12-23, 89-90, 113, 125.

4. Cohen, Not Free, 15-17; Schachner, 25-26.

5. Letter, Jacob Schiff to Max Warburg, Nov. 5, 1915, cited in Cyrus Adler, Jacob H. Schiff: His Life and Letters (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1928), 11:190-91: see letter, Jacob Schiff to Alfred Zimmermann, Nov. 9, 1914, cited in Isaiah Friedman, Germany, Turkey and Zionism, 1897-1918 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1977), 205: see Adler, Schiff, II: 181-82; Cyrus Adler, Jacob H. Schiff: His Life and Letters (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran, 1928) II: 190-91.

6. Stephen Wise, Challenging Years: The Autobiography of Stephen Wise (New York: Putnam, 1949), 202-5; Rosenstock, 53-54; Frommer, 67, 528-529; Schachner, 28.

7. Ibid., 205-6.

8. Ibid., 207; Morton Rosenstock, Louis Marshall, Defender of Jewish Rights (Detroit: Wayne State, 1962), 52-53: see Cohen, Not Free, 102-19: also see letter, Jacob Schiff to Solomon Schechter, Sept. 22, 1907, and assorted writings of Jacob Schiff, 1915-1920, cited in Adler, Schiff, II: 166-69, 296-98, 307-20.

9. Rosenstock, 52-53; see Cohen, Not Free, 102-19; also see letter, Jacob Schiff to Solomon Schechter, Sep. 22, 1907, and assorted writings of Jacob Schiff, 1915- 1920, cited in Adler, Schiff, II: 166-69, 296-98, 307-20.

10. Grusd, 185-86, 194-97; Schachner, 109-14; Morris Frommer, "The American Jewish Congress: A History, 1914-1950," (unpub. Ph.D. diss., Ohio State, 1978), 37, 58, 60, 322, 337-41; Cohen, Not Free, 5, 20-21, 155, 193; see Andre Manners, Poor Cousins (New York: Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, 1972), 275-77.

11. Palestine Royal Commission, Report of the Palestine Royal Commission (London: HMSO, 1937), 2-5; Esco Palestine Study Committee, Palestine: A Study of Jewish, Arab and British Policies (New Haven: Yale, 1947), I: 17-18, 54, 333, 338-40, 366-81; Esco, II: 686-90; "Israel," Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972) IX: 248.

12. Yehuda Chorin, Citrus in Israel (Tel Aviv: Israel Periodicals, 1966), 26-27; Sophie A. Udin, ed., The Palestine Year Book 5706: Review of Events, July 1944 to July 1945, I (Washington, D.C.: ZOA, 1945), 209-10; see "Minutes of Conversation on Jewish Labor in Offices of the Histadrut in T.A.," Jan. 4, 1933, BPM at AJA: Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 308, 315, 316.

13. See Nicholas Bethell, The Palestine Triangle: The Struggle for the Holy Land, 1935-48 (New York: Putnam, 1979), 24; see "British Policy in Palestine, 1922," (Churchill White Paper), cited in Esco, I: 282-84; Esco, I: 256, 315-18; Esco, II: 645-48, 653-54: Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1932 (London: HMSO, 1933), 24-27; see "Immigration to Palestine with Reference to German Jewish Refugees," PRO-FO 371/16767-1527, pp. 58-60.

CHAPTER 2

1. Letter, Alfred M. Cohen to Morris D. Waldman, Feb. 16, 1933, AJCmA; Annual Report of the Executive Committee, 27th Annual Report (New York, 1934), BBA, 36.

2. See Stephen Wise, Challenging Years: The Autobiography of Stephen Wise (New York: Putnam, 1949), 236-37; see Annual Report of the Executive Committee, BBA, 36; Moshe Gottlieb, "The Anti- Nazi Boycott Movement in the United States: An Ideological and Sociological Appreciation," Jewish Social Studies XXXV (July-Oct., 1973): 199, 211, 225; Edward E. Grusd, B'nai B'rith: the Story of a Covenant (New York: Appleton-Century, 1966), 201: Deborah Dash Moore, B'nai B'rith and the Challenge of Ethnic Leadership (Albany: State Univ. of New York, 1981), 176).

3. Gottlieb, "Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement," (article), 211.

4. "Victory for Hitler is Expected Today," NYT, Mar. 5, 1933; "Offices of Jews Raided," NYT, Mar. 6, 1933.

5. See F. Thelwell, "Memorandum on the German Economic Situation, April 1933," Apr. 26, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16695-1527, pp. 1-3, 7-10; Dr. Joseph Goebbels, My Part in Germany's Fight, trans. Dr. Kurt Fiedler (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1935), 227-29; see telegram, "The Counselor of Embassy in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 23, 1933, FRUS 1933 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949), II: 328-29; "Reich Takes Over Rule of Hamburg," NYT, Mar. 5, 1933; "Nazi Bands Stir Up Strife in Germany," NYT, Mar. 9, 1933; "3 More Americans Attacked in Berlin as Raiding Goes On," NYT, Mar. 10, 1933 "German Fugitives Tell of Atrocities," NYT, Mar. 20, 1933 "Reports of German Atrocities Not Exaggerated, Declares Anglo- Jewish Doctor," JDB, Mar. 24, 1933.

6. "3 More Americans Attacked," NYT, Mar. 10, 1933.

7. "Protest Meeting at Madison Square Garden Decided on by American Jewish Congress," JDB, Mar. 14, 1933.

8. See "Protest Meeting at Madison Square Garden," JDB, Mar. 14, 1933.

9. Letter, M. D. Waldman to A. M. Cohen, Mar. 15, 1933, AJCmA.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.; See letter, S. S. Wise to L. D. Brandeis, Mar. 23, 1933, in Carl Hermann Voss, ed., Stephen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1969), 180-81.

12. Ibid.; See "Speech of Hitler in Reischstag on His Policies for Germany," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933; William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Fawcett Crest, 1960), 191-92.

13. Annual Report of the Executive Committee, BBA, 37, 39; Stephen Birmingham, "Our Crowd:" the Great Jewish Families of New York (New York: Dell, 1967), 416-28; Wise, 219.

14. Letter, Waldman to Cohen, March 15, 1933, AJCmA.

15. Telegram, Harry Schneiderman to Alfred M. Cohen, Mar. 14, 1933, AJCmA.

16. Letter, Waldman to Cohen, Mar. 15, 1933, AJCmA; cable, Waldman to Cohen, Mar. 15, 1933, AJCmA.

17. Interview with Morris Mendelsohn by Moshe Gottlieb, July 20, 1965, author's transcript.

18. Ibid.

19. Ibid.; "Conference Called by the Jewish Congress Decides on Protest Demonstration," JDB, Mar. 21, 1933.

20. Annual Report of the Executive Committee, BBA, 37.

21. Letter, Werner Senator to Berl Locker, Mar. 19, 1933, CZA S49/381 (trans. GZ/EF).

22. Moshe Gottlieb, "The Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement in the American Jewish Community, 1933-1941," (unpub. Ph.D. diss., Near Eastern and Judaic studies, Brandeis, 1967), 20.

23. Goebbels, 236-37; "Reich is Worried Over Our Reaction," NYT, Mar. 23, 1933; also see "Herr Hitler's Nazis Hear an Echo of World Opinion," NYT, Mar. 26, 1933.

24. Statement, AJC, in Gottlieb, "Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement," (dissertation), 46.

25. "Nazi Foes Here Calmed by Police," NYT, Mar. 20, 1933.

26. Ibid.; "Conference Called by the Jewish Congress," JDB, Mar. 21, 1933; "American Jewry Protests," JC, Mar. 24, 1933.

27. "Nazi Foes Here Calmed by Police," NYT, Mar. 20, 1933; "Conference Called," JDB, Mar. 21, 1933; "American Jewry Protests," JC, Mar. 24, 1933.

28. See letter, John Haynes Holmes to Stephen Wise, Apr. 20, 1933, BPM at AJA; see "Christian Leaders Protest on Hitler," NYT, Mar. 22, 1933: also see press release, AJC, Sep. 16, 1933, BPM at AJA.

29. Interview with Morris Mendelsohn.

30. "Boycott Advocated to Curb Hitlerism," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933; interview with Morris Mendelsohn.

31. "Vast Protest Movement Throughout Poland: Jews, Non-Jews Join in Demonstration," JDB, Mar. 29, 1933; dispatch, British Embassy, Warsaw, to Sir John Simon, Mar. 29, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556; "Poland Antagonized," JC, Mar. 31, 1933; see telegram, "The Ambassador in Great Britain to the Foreign Minister," Mar. 8, 1933, DGFP 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957), ser. C, I: 124-25; telegram, "The Deputy of Department IV to the Consulate General at Danzig," Mar. 10, 1933, DGFP, 130; "The Minister in Poland to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 19, 1933, and enclosed memorandum, Apr. 12, 1933, DGFP, 306-10; also see "In Europe's New Tenseness the 'Corridor' Looms Large," NYT, Mar. 19, 1933.

32. "Polish Jews Condemn Germany," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933: "Vast Protest Movement Throughout Poland," JDB, Mar. 29, 1933.

33. Carl Herman Voss, Rabbi and Minister: The Friendship of Stephen S. Wise and John Haynes Holmes (Buffalo, New York: Prometheus, 1980), 275-76.

34. Letter, S. Wise to J. W. Mack, Mar. 8, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 180.

35. "Jews Here Demand Washington Action," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933; "Protest on Hitler Growing in Nation," NYT, Mar. 23, 1933.

36. Letter, S. Wise to L. D. Brandeis, Mar. 23, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 180-81; Wise, 218.

37. Morris Frommer, "The American Jewish Congress: A History, 1914-1950," (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, Ohio State, 1978), 376-77; letter, Max J. Kohler to Cordell Hull, Aug. 28, 1933, AJCmA.

38. Gottlieb, "Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement," (dissertation), 453, n. 5.

39. Ibid., 49; see telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 24, 1933, FRUS, 330-31.

40. Martin Rosenbluth, Go Forth and Serve: Early Years and Public Life (New York: Herzl, 1961), 253 see VB, Apr. 1, 1933 "Roosevelt Under Jewish Influence, Nazis Charge," JDB, May 19, 1933; "Nazis Get Pick of Jobs," NYT, July 20, 1933.

41. "Reich is Worried Over Our Reaction," NYT, Mar. 23, 1933.

42. Ibid.; see "Memorandum of Press Conference of the Secretary of State," Mar. 22, 1933, FRUS, 327-28.

43. Nathan Schachner, The Price of Liberty: A History of the American Jewish Committee (New York: AJC, 1948), 113. Naomi W. Cohen, Not Free to Desist: The American Jewish Committee, 1906-1966 (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1972), 162; see "Hull Obtains Consul's Data on Jews' Cases," Chicago Sunday Tribune, Mar. 26, 1933; see telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 24, 1933, FRUS, 330-31.

44. See "Jews Here Demand Washington Action," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933.

45. Ibid.

46. Telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 24, 1933, FRUS, 330-31; telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 26, 1933, FRUS, 333-34.

47. Cohen, 338; see Frederick Aaron Lazin, "The Reaction of American Jewry to Hitler's Anti- Jewish Policies 1933-1939 (unpub. Master's thesis, political science, Univ. of Chicago, 1968), 22; see "Jews Here Demand Washington Action," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933.

48. Telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 24, 1933, FRUS, 330-31.

49. Telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 25, 1933, FRUS, 331.

50. Telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 26, 1933, FRUS, 334.

CHAPTER 3

1. "Protest on Hitler Growing in Nation," NYT, Mar. 23, 1933.

2. Ibid.

3. "Boycott Advocated to Curb Hitlerism," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933; see Morris Frommer, "The American Jewish Congress: A History, 1914-1950" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, Ohio State, 1978), 313-16, also see 314, n. 29.

4. Interview with Morris Mendelsohn by Moshe Gottlieb, July 20, 1965, author's transcript.

5. "O'Brien Reviews 4,000 Hitler Foes," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933: "Protest on Hitler Growing in Nation," NYT, Mar. 23, 1933.

6. See Dr. Joseph Goebbels, My Part in Germany's Fight, trans. Dr. Kurt Fiedler (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1935), 236-37, 269-70; see "Reich is Worried Over Our Reaction," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933; "Reich Warns Correspondents Not to Send Atrocity Reports," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933; see VB, Mar. 30, 1933 and Mar. 31, 1933; see Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945 (Toronto: Bantam, 1976), 70-71.

7. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Fawcett Crest, 1960), 54; Nora Levin, The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry 1933-1945 (New York: Schocken, 1973), 23-25, 35; Isaiah Friedman, Germany, Turkey and Zionism, 1897-1918 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1977), 317; Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, McGill, 1977), 62.

8. James Pool and Suzanne Pool, Who Financed Hitler: The Secret Funding of Hitler's Rise to Power, 1919-1933 (New York: Dial, 1978), 246.

9. See Shirer, 167, 192; Nicosia, 72-73.

10. Pool and Pool, 248, 413-14.

11. Report, F. Thelwell, "The Economic Situation in Germany, February, 1933," PRO-FO 371/16694-1527.

12. Ibid.; Shirer, 240-41.

13. Thelwell, "Economic Situation," PRO-FO 371/16694-1527.

14. Ibid., 7-8.

15. Dawidowicz, 24-28, 47, 68-69; see George L. Mosse, The Crisis of German Ideology: The Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich ("The Universal Library"; New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1971), 242-43; see Shirer, 586.

16. Thelwell, "Economic Situation," PRO-FO 371/16694-1527; Pool and Pool, 246; see Shirer, 357.

17. See Dawidowicz, 68-71; see "Reich is Worried Over Our Reaction," NYT, Mar. 23, 1933: see Goebbels, 236-39.

18. Dawidowicz, 43; Moshe Gottlieb, "The Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement in the American Jewish Community, 1933-1941" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., Near Eastern and Judaic studies, Brandeis, 1967), 13-14; see Marvin Lowenthal, The Jews of Germany: A Story of Sixteen Centuries (New York: Longman., Green, 1936), 277.

19. See Levin, 43-44, 72-73; Lowenthal, 369-71; see Stephen Wise, Challenging Years: The Autobiography of Stephen Wise (New York: G. P. Putnam, 1949), 247; see Sidney Bolkosky, The Distorted Image: German Jewish Perceptions of Germans and Germany, 1918-1935 (New York: Elsevier, 1975), 169-70.

20.See Carol Gelderman, Henry Ford: The Wayward Capitalist (New York: Dial, 1981), 218-21; Albert Lee, Henry Ford and the Jews (New York: Stein and Day, 1980), 25-28.

21. Pool and Pool, 86-87, 95, 101-2; Morton Rosenstock, Louis Marshall, Defender of Jewish Rights (Detroit: Wayne State, 1965), 128-41.

22. Lee, 42; Rosenstock, 145-47; David Lewis, The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company (Detroit: Wayne State, 1976), pp. 142-43.

113.Lewis, 143: Norman Cohn, Warrant for Genocide: The Myth of the Jewish World Conspiracy and the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (New York: Harper and Row, 1967), 138.

24. Pool and Pool, 90-91; "'Heinrich' Ford Idol of Bavaria Fascisti Chief," Chicago Tribune, Mar. 8, 1923.

25. Pool and Pool, 91; Detroit News, Dec. 31, 1931, cited in Lee, 46; see Lee, p. 51.

26. Lewis, 140; Rosenstock, 149-50, 169-70, 183-84.

27. Lewis, 140; Lee, 34, 38.

28. Rosenstock, 170.

29. See Lee, 38; Rosenstock, 188-89.

30. Lee, 38-39; 43-44; Rosenstock, , 188-89. See Lewis, 140.

31. Lee, p. 39; Lewis, p. 140.

3". Rosenstock, , 189-91.

33. Rosenstock, 190-92; Lee, 84-85; Lewis, 145.

34. Rosenstock, 191.

35. Ibid.

36. Rosenstock, pp. 197-98; Lewis, 147.

37. Gelderman, 235.

38. Lewis, 143; Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Manheim (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1943), 639.

39. Hitler, 639, n. 1.

40. Rosenstock, 193; Lee, 84-85.

41. Salo W. Baron, The Russian Jew Under Tsars and Soviets (New York: Macmillan, 1976), 44-49.

42. Eric Hirshler, "Jews from Germany in the United States," in Eric Hirshler, ed., Jews from Germany in the United States (New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1955), 62-64, 75-76; see Cyrus Adler, Jacob H. Schiff: His Life and Letters (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran, 1929), I: 42-154, and II: 117-38, 296-97; see Hirshler, "Jews from Germany," in Hirshler, pp. 96-98; 72-76; Moses Rischin, The Promised City: New York's Jews, 1870-1914 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard, 1977), 95-98.

43. Adler, Schiff, II, pp. 120-138.

44. Marvin Tokayer and Mary Swartz, The Fugu Plan: The Untold Story of the Japanese and the Jews During World War II (New York: Paddington, 1979), 46; Memorandum, Takahashi, in Adler, Schiff, I: 215-26; Stephen Birmingham, "Our Crowd:" The Great Jewish Families of New York (New York: Dell, 1967), 335.

45. Tokayer and Swartz, 46; memorandum, Takahashi, in Adler, Schiff, I: 216, 228.

46. Nathan Schachner, The Price of Liberty: A History of the American Jewish Committee (New York: AJC, 1948), 7-8, 37-42; Adler, Schiff, II: 160-61.

47. Naomi W. Cohen, "The Abrogation of the Russo-American Treaty of 1832," Jewish Social Studies, XXV (Jan. 1963): 21; Rosenstock, p. 75; Adler, Schiff, II, pp. 150-151.

48. Cohen, "Abrogation," 22-28, 35; Cyrus Adler and Aaron M. Margalith, With Firmness in the Right; American Diplomatic Action Affecting Jews, 1840-1945 (N.Y.: AJC, 1946), 285-289.

49. Cohen, Not Free, 89-90.

50. Cable, J. Schiff to Count Witte, in Adler, Schiff, II: 135, 138.

51. Letter, Schiff to President Taft, February 20, 1933, in Adler, Schiff, II: 148.

52. Adler, Schiff, I: vii, ix.

CHAPTER 4

1. See Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf, trans. Ralph Manheim (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1943), 454-55, 458-60, 638-40; see speeches, Adolf Hitler, July 28, 1922 and Apr. 10, 1923, in Norman H. Baynes, ed., The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, (London: Oxford, 1942), I: 26, 42, 43.

2. "250,000 Jews Here to Protest Today, "NYT, Mar. 27, 1933; "55,000 Here Stage Protest on Hitler Attacks on Jews," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

3. "Polish Jews Condemn Germany, "NYT, Mar. 21, 1933; "Protest Demonstration in Warsaw Forbidden on Grounds of Public Safety," and "Warsaw Bourse Closed in Sympathy with Protest," JDB, Mar. 28, 1933; "Vast Protest Movement Throughout Poland: Jews, Non-Jews Join in Demonstrations " and "Mercantile Organizations in Poland Declare German Boycott," JDB, Mar. 29, 1933; dispatch, British Embassy, Warsaw, to Sir John Simon, Mar. 29, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556; see "Boycott of German Goods by Morrocan Jewry," JDB, Mar. 31, 1933; "World Reactions; An Outcry of Horror Everywhere," JC, Mar. 31, 1933; "Move for Boycott Gaining in London," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933; letter, British Legation, Kovno, to British Legation, Riga, Mar. 28, 1933, PRO-FO 371/17184-1556; "The Kolo Supports Boycott," JC, Apr. 28, 1933.

4. "German Ships Affected," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933; minutes, Cabinet meeting of the German Government, Mar. 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, D792238/9 (trans. GZ); "Nazi Attacks Stir British Catholics," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933.

5. "Speech of Hitler in Reichstag on His Policies for Germany," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933; "Reich Warns Correspondents Not to Send Atrocity Reports," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933.

6. "Nazi Attacks Stir British Catholics," NYT, Mar. 24, 1933; "Move for Boycott Gaining in London," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933.

7. "Hitler Debt Talk Points to Revisionism," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933; "Decreasing Surplus of German Exports," NYT, Mar. 20, 1933.

8. Martin Rosenbluth, Go Forth and Serve; Early Years and Public Life (New York: Herzl, 1961), 250-51.

9. Hitler, 308-21; speech, Adolf Hitler, "Free State or Slavery," July 28, 1922, in Baynes, 21-41; Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933- 1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, McGill, 1977), 57-64.

10. See Ludwig Pinner, In Two Worlds: Siegfried Moses, On His Seventy-Fifth Birthday trans. EF (Tel Aviv: Publisher Bitaon Ltd., 1962); interview with Dr. Dolf Michaelis by author, Sep. 1, 1980; Donald L. Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. 1980), 125.

11.-21. Rosenbluth, 250-54.

22. Ibid., 253.

23. "Jews in Reich Deny Atrocities by Nazis," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933; "250,000 Jews Here to Protest Today," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933: see Dawidowicz, 70.

24. Cable, Bertling, Amerika Institute, to M. D. Waldman, Mar. 25, 1933, AJCmA.

25. Cable, Dr. Brund, National Association of German-American Chamber of Commerce, to Dr. Degener, German-American Board of Trade, Mar. 24, 1933, AJCmA: see "Jews in Reich Deny Atrocities by Nazis," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933.

26. "250,000 Jews Here to Protest Today," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933.

27. "Jews in Reich Deny Atrocities by Nazis," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933.

28. Stephen Wise, Challenging Years: the Autobiography of Stephen Wise (New York: Putnam, 1949), 240-41.

29. "250,000 Jews Here to Protest Today," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933.

30. " 'We Ask Only for the Right, ' Says Wise," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

31. Wise, 234-35: Nahum Goldmann, The Autobiography of Nahum Goldmann: Sixty Years of Jewish Life, trans. Helen Sebba (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969), 124-27: Morris Frommer, "The American Jewish Congress: A History, 1914-1950," (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, Ohio State, 1978), 467; see letter, Stephen Wise to Julian Mack, Mar. 29, 1933, in Carl Hermann Voss, ed., Stepen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPA, 1969), 181-82.

32. Letter, S. Wise to L. D. Brandeis, Mar. 23, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 180-81; Moshe Gottlieb, "The Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement in the American Jewish Community, 1933-1941," (unpub. Ph.D. diss. Near Eastern and Judaic studies, Brandeis, 1967), 38, 43.

33. Letter, S. Wise to William Rosenau, Apr. 19, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 185-86.

34. "Nazis End Attacks on Jews in Reich, Our Embassy Finds," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933.

35. Telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 24, 1933, FRUS II: 330-31.

36. Telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 25, 1933, FRUS 331-33.

37. "Nazis End Attacks," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933; telegram, Stephen S. Wise and Bernard S. Deutsch to Cordell Hull, Mar. 26, 1933, NA 862.4016/136- GC.

38. Wise, 244-45.

39. Rosenbluth, 257-58; see letter, S. Wise to J. H. Holmes, Apr. 3, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 182-83.

40. Wise, xi-xiv, 23-26, 29, 31-34.

41. Carl Hermann Voss, Rabbi and Minister: The Friendship of Stephen S. Wise and John Haynes Holmes (Buffalo: Prometheus, 1980), 46-49.

42. Wise, 82-103: Voss, Rabbi and Minister, 101-3.

43. Wise, 161-81, 194-98; Voss, Rabbi and Minister, 182-83.

44. Wise, 202-9.

45. Voss, ed., Servant, xix, 128, 132-34, see 134, 149.

46. Wise, 245; letter, S. Wise to L. D. Brandeis, Sept. 19, 1933, BPM at AJA.

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PART 2 OF 5

CHAPTER 5

1.-3. "35,000 Jam Streets Outside the Garden," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

4. Ibid.; "55,000 Here Stage Protest on Hitler Attacks on Jews," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

5. Ibid.; "250,000 Jews Here to Protest Today," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933; "Chicago Jews Demand U.S. Act to Curb Nazis," Chicago Daily Tribune, Mar. 28, 1933.

6. Stephen Wise, Challenging Years: The Autobiography of Stephen Wise (New York: Putnam, 1949), 250: "Jews Fast in Poland," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

7. "55,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

8. "Smith Calls for a World-Wide Fight on Religious Bigotry," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

9. "55,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

10. Ibid.; "250,000 Jews Here to Protest," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933.

11. "55,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

12. Ibid.: "Leaders of Nations Send in Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

13. "'We Ask Only for the Right,' Says Wise," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933: letter, S. Wise to J. Mack, Mar. 29, 1933, in Carl Hermann Voss, ed., Stephen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1969), 181-89.; see interview with Rabbi David Polish by author, Oct. 18, 1981; see interview with Justine Wise Polier by author, Oct. 21, 1981.

14. "'We Ask Only for the Right,'" NYT, Mar. 28, 1933; see letter, S. Wise to J. Mack, Mar. 29, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 181-82.

15. "'We Ask Only for the Right,'" NYT, Mar. 28, 1933: see interview, Justine Wise Polier by author, Oct. 21, 1981.

16.-18. "'We Ask Only for the Right,''' NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

19. "250,000 Jews Here to Protest Today," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933; "50,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933.

CHAPTER 6

1. "Anti-Nazi Protest March Through New York Voted by American Jewish Congress," JDB, Mar. 21, 1933; see letter, Stephen Wise to Ruth Mack Brunswick, Apr. 6, 1933, in Carl Hermann Voss, ed., Stephen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1969), 183.

2. Associated Press (A.P.) dispatch, NYT, Mar. 27, 1933: see dispatch, British Embassy, Warsaw, to Sir John Simon, Mar. 29, 1933, PRO-FO 371/ 16721-1556.

3. "Move for Boycott Gaining in London," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933; "Jews In England Boycott German Goods and Cafes," Chicago Sunday Tribune, Mar. 26, 1933; "Equality for Jews in Reich Demanded," NYT, Mar. 27, 1933.

4. "Christian Leaders Protest on Hitler," NYT, Mar. 22, 1933; "Boycott Movement in Full Swing," JC, Mar. 24, 1933; "Press German Boycott," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933.

5. Martin Rosenbluth, Go Forth and Serve; Early Years and Public Life (New York: Herzl, 1961), 253; see "Extract from Minutes of the Conference of Ministers," Apr. 7, 1933, DGFP 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957), ser. C, I: 256-62; "55,000 Here Stage Protest on Hitler Attacks on Jews," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933; see "Boycott Spreads in Reich but Hitler Bans Violent Acts," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933.

6. Dr. Joseph Goebbels, My Part in Germany's Fight, trans. Dr. Kurt Fiedler (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1935), 237; "55,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

7. Goebbels, 237.

8. Goebbels, 237-38; "Goebbels Warns of Action," and "55,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

9. "55,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933; "Hitlerites Order Boycott Against Jews in Business, Professions and Schools," NYT, Mar. 29, 1933.

10. "Hitlerites Order Boycott," NYT, March 29, 1933; "55,000 Here Stage Protest," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

11. "Hitlerites Order Boycott," NYT, Mar. 29, 1933; "Boycott Spreads in Reich but Hitler Bans Violent Acts," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; see "Facts Give Hider the Lie," JC, Mar. 31, 1933.

12. "Boycott Manifesto Includes 11 Orders," and "Hitlerites Order Boycott," NYT, Mar. 29, 1933.

13. "Boycott Spreads in Reich," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; see Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945 (Toronto: Bantam, 1976), 71; see "Boycott of Jews in Germany," London Times, Mar. 31, 1933; see minutes, Cabinet Meeting of the German Government, Mar. 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, D792205 et seq.; see letter, "M. Francois Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs," Apr. 5, 1933, DDF 1932-1939 (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1967); 1st ser., III: 144.

14. Cable, Eric Warburg to Frieda/Felix Warburg, Mar. 29, 1933, AJCmA.

15. Letter and enclosure, Cyrus Adler to Mr. Waldman, Mar. 29, 1933, AJCmA.

16. "Suggested Statement of Dr. Adler," Mar. 29, 1933, AJCmA; see "Boycott Warning Sent from Berlin," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

17. Cable, Felix Warburg to Eric Warburg, Mar. 29, 1933, AJCmA.

18. Poster, cited in "Nazis Lay Boycott to 'Lies' of Jews," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

19. "Brooklyn Jews Protest," "Staten Islanders Add Protest," and "Urge Inquiry in Nazi Raids," NYT, Mar. 29, 1933; "6,000 Gather in Protest," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933, see Werner E. Braatz, "German Commercial Interests in Palestine: Zionism and the Boycott of German Goods, 1933- 1934," European Studies Review (SAGE, London and Beverly Hills), IX (1979): 486; "Chicago Jews Demand U.S. Act to Curb Nazis," Chicago Daily Tribune, Mar. 28, 1933; see "Wave of Protest Against Persecutions in Germany throughout United States," JDB, Mar. 24, 1933.

20. "Jews In Greece Start Boycott," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; "Boycott German Goods!" and "World Reaction; An Outcry of Horror Everywhere," JC, Mar. 31, 1933; Braatz, 485, 495; see "Belgian Government's Indignation," and "The Kolo Supports Boycott," JC, Apr. 28, 1933.

21. "German Business Protests Boycott," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933; see Braatz, 486-87; also see letters, Apr., 1933, NA T-120 roll 4956, L370262/371913 (trans. GZ).

22. Frankfurter Zeitung, Mar. 30, 1933, 1st morning edition (trans. MS); see "Boycott Manifesto Includes 11 Orders," NYT, Mar. 29, 1933; "Boycott Spreads in Reich," and "Says Nazis Want Jobs," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933.

23. "German Business Protests Boycott," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

24. See John L. Heineman, Hitler's First Foreign Minister; Constantin Freiherr von Neurath, Diplomat and Statesman (Berkeley: Univ. of California, 1979), 275, n. 41; see minutes, Cabinet Meeting of the German Government, Mar. 29, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, D792205 et seq. (trans. GZ); see letter, "M. Francois-Poncet French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs," Apr. 5, 1933, DDF, p. 155.

25. See minutes, Cabinet Meeting of the German Government, Mar. 29, 1933, NAT-120 roll 1712, D792205 et seq. (trans. GZ); "Boycott Spreads in Reich," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933.

26. Minutes, Cabinet Meeting of the German Government, Mar. 29, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, D792205 et seq. (trans. GZ).

27. "Boycott Spreads in Reich," and "Says Nazis Want Jobs," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 30, 1933, FRUS, 1933 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949); II: 335-36; letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," April 2, 1933, FRUS, 347-50.

28. Letters, "M. Francois-Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs," Apr. 5 and Apr. 7, 1933, DDF, 155, 185; telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 1, 1933, DBFP, 1919-1939 (London: HMSO, 1956) 2nd. ser., V: 14-15; Heineman, 81.

29. "German Business Protests Boycott," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933: see "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

30. "German Business Protests Boycott," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

31. "Washington Urged to Block Boycott," and "Will Use Influence Quietly," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933; telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 30, 1933, FRUS, 335-36; see telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 29, 1933, FRUS, 334-35.

32. Telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 30, 1933, FRUS, 335-37.

33. See letter, S. Wise to J. H. Holmes, Apr. 3, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 181-82.

34. Letter, S. Wise to J. Mack, Mar. 29, 1933, in Voss, ed., Servant, 181-82.

35. Ibid.

36. "Washington Urged to Block Boycott," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933; see "Jews Here Demand Washington Action," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933.

37. Telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 30, 1933, FRUS, 337.

38. Ibid.; see Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (New York: Macmillan, 1948), I: 81, 85; "Hull Obtains Consul's Data on Jews' Cases," Chicago Sunday Tribune, Mar. 26, 1933.

39. "Lords Cheer Plea for Jews in Reich," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933; see telegram, "Sir J. Simon to Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin), Mar. 2, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., IV: 436; also see "Aid for Jews Urged in Spirit of Balfour," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933 also see "The House of Commons and German Jewry," JC, Aug. 4, 1933.

40. "Sir J. Simon to Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin)," Mar. 30, 1933, DBFP, V: 9.

41. "Lords Cheer Plea for Jews in Reich," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; see "House of Lords," JC, Apr. 7, 1933; Rosenbluth, 259-60.

42. Braatz, 486-87. Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss. history, McGill, 1977), 81-82.

43. Braatz, 486-87.

44. VB, Mar. 30, 1933; Der Angriff, Mar. 30, 1933, in "Nazis, Warned, Set on Plan of Boycott," Washington Post, Mar. 31, 1933.

45. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Fawcett Crest, 1960), 204-05, 265-66, see 284, 358-59; see Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht, Confessions of "The Old Wizard": The Autobiography of Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht, trans. Diana Pyke (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956), 2, 6, 14.

46. Letter, "M. Francois-Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs," Apr. 5, 1933, DDF, 155-56 (trans. GZ).

47. Telegram, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 30, 1933, FRUS, pp. 335-36; letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," April 2, 1933, FRUS, 347-50; "Boycott Spreads in Reich," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; "Jews' Jobs sought for Nazi Backers," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

48. Telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 1 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V: 14-15; letter, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 5, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V; 25; see letter, "Chancellor Hitler to President Hindenburg," Apr. 5, 1933, DGFP, 253-55.

49. Leipziger Tagezeitung, Mar. 21, 1933, in Gottlieb, "Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement" (dissertation), 31.

50. See Letter, "M. Francois-Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs," Apr. 5, 1933, DDF, 160; see "Rule by Aryans Decreed," NYT, Apr. 9, 1933; see "1,500 Jewish Physicians Expelled from Sick Funds in Berlin; 6,000 in Reich," JDB, July 7, 1933.

51. See "Geneva Sees Ground for Appeal on Jews," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933 see "In Europe's New Tenseness the 'Corridor' Looms Large," NYT, Mar. 19, 1933; see "Polish Jews Condemn Germany," NYT, Mar. 21, 1933; see "Vast Protest Movement Throughout Poland," JDB, Mar. 29, 1933; see memorandum, Apr. 12, 1933, in report, "The Minister in Poland to the Foreign Ministry," DGFP, 307-10.

52. Minutes, Cabinet Meeting of the German Government, Mar. 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, 0792205 et seq. (trans. GZ); see letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 347-48; see letter, "M. Francois- Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs," Apr. 5, 1933, DDF, 155; see letter, "Sir H. Rumbold to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 5, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V: 24-25; see "Nazis Try to Rule on Foreign Policy," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933; see "Boycott at an End, Germany Believes; Cabinet Against it," NYT, Apr. 3, 1933.

53. "Close Woolworth Shops," NYT, Mar. 29, 1933; see "Boycott Spreads in Reich," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; "German Business Protests Boycott," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933; "Nazi Rifles Close Stores in Munich," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

54. Letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 347-48; "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 345; see telegram, "M. Francois-Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs, "Apr. 1, 1933, DDF, 127-28; see "Nazis Try to Rule on Foreign Policy, "NYT, Apr. 2, 1933; "Boycott at an End," NYT, Apr. 3, 1933; see Heineman, 81.

55. Letter, "Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 348; "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 345; Heineman, 3-4, 71, 81.

56. Heineman, 4-6, 71, 81; letter, "Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 348; telegram, "M. Francois-Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul- Boncour, Foreign Minister," Apr. 1, 1933, DDF, 127-28 (trans. GZ); telegram, "M. Francois- Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin to M. Paul- Boncour, Foreign Minister," Apr. 7, 1933, DDF, 185 (trans. GZ).

57. Minutes, Cabinet Meeting of the German Government, Mar. 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, 0792205 et seq. (trans. GZ); telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 1, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V: 14-15; Heineman, 81.

58. Minutes, Cabinet Meeting of the German Government, Mar. 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, D792205 et seq. (trans. GZ); telegram, "M. Francois-Poncet, French Ambassador in Berlin, to M. Paul-Boncour, Minister of Foreign Affairs," Apr. 7, 1933, DDF, 185; Heineman, 81.

59. Braatz, 487; see telegram, "The Secretary of State to the Charge in Germany (Gordon)," Mar. 30, 1933, FRUS, 337.

60. "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 342; see "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 343.

61. See telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 1, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V: 14-15; "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 342: Heineman, 81.

62. "French Prepare to Boycott German Goods in Sympathy With Jewish Victims of Nazis," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

63. "Over 2,000 Attend Fur Trade Protest," and "Boycott German Goods!" JC, Mar. 31, 1933; see "Reich Merchants Appeal," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933; "Lists Big German Loss," NYT, Apr. 16, 1933.

64. "Toscanini Heads Protest to Hitler," "Nazis Hold 1-Day Boycott," "Little Violence in Reich," and "Reich Merchants Appeal," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933.

65. "Boycott of Jews in Germany," London Times, Mar. 31, 1933.

66. "Threat to Foreign 'Campaign,'" London Times, Apr. 1, 1933; "Nazis Lay Boycott to 'Lies' of Jews," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

67. Goebbels, 239.

68. Meir Michaelis, Mussolini and the Jews; German-Italian Relations and the Jewish Question in Italy, 1922-1945 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1978), 10-11, 14-15, 24-25, 30, 58-65.

69. Hitler, 681; Shirer, 97.

70. Michaelis, 49, 58-59; telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Mar. 30, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V: 8.

71. Michaelis, 59: John Toland, Adolf Hitler (New York: Ballantine, 1976), 424; Elizabeth Wiskemann, The Rome-Berlin Axis: A Study of the Relations Between Hitler and Mussolini (London: Fontana Library, 1966), 44-45.

72. Telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 1, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V: 14-15, see n. 4.

73. Wise, 248-50.

74. Telegram, Oscar Wasserman to Cyrus Adler, Mar. 30, 1933, AJCmA: see "Boycott Warning Sent from Berlin," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

75. "Boycott Warning Sent from Berlin," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

76. Telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 1, 1933, DGFP, 2nd ser., V: 14-15.

77. "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 343: see "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 345.

78. See letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 348; "Nazis 1ry to Rule on Foreign Policy," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933: "Boycott At An End, Germany Believes," NYT, Apr. 3, 1933.

79. "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 342.

80.-82. Ibid.

83. Letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 347-50: see "Boycott Spreads in Reich but Hitler Bans Violent Acts," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933: see letter, "Chancellor Hitler to President Hindenburg," Apr. 5, 1933, DGFP," 53-55; see Dawidowicz, 77: see "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

84. Goebbels, 239; "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

85. Goebbels, 239; "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 343; "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

86. "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 343.

87. Ibid.: "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

88. "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933: see letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 347-50.

89. "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," and "Whips Crowd Into Frenzy," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

90. "Whips Crowd Into Frenzy," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

91. "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 343-44.

92. Wise, 247-50.

93. "Nazis Hold 1-Day Boycott," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933: "Speedy Collapse of Boycott," JC, Apr. 7, 1933: see "Boycott Spreads Throughout Reich," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933: see "German Business Protests Boycott," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933: see "Facts Give Hitler the Lie," JC, Mar. 31, 1933.

94. See "Boycott Spreads in Reich," and "Reich Warns Window-Breaking Hits Insurance Firms, Not Jews," NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; "Nazis to Photograph Persons Who Try to Enter Jews' Stores," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933: see "Nazis and Jews," London Times, Mar. 29, 1933; see "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933.

95. Andre-Francois-Poncet, The Fateful Years, trans. Jacques LeClerq (New York: Harcourt, 1949), 78; see "In Darkest Germany," JC, Mar. 31, 1933; see "Jewish Camp Set Saturday by Nazi Chiefs," Washington Post, Mar. 29, 1933.

96. "Nazis Hold 1 Day Boycott," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933: "Jewish Lawyer Lynched," JC, Apr. 7, 1933.

97. See "Nazis Cut Boycott to Day," NYT, Apr. 1, 1933; "Threat to Foreign Campaign," London Times, Apr. 1, 1933; see A.P. photograph, NYT, Mar. 30, 1933; see "The Consul General at Berlin (Messersmith) to the Secretary of State," Mar. 31, 1933, FRUS, 338-41; see "Memorandum of Trans-Atlantic Telephone Conversation," Phillips/Gordon, Apr. 2, 1933, FRUS, 345; see telegram, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 1, 1933, DBFP, 2nd ser., V: 16.

98. Wise, 245-47, 249-51; see "'We Ask Only For the Right,' Says Wise," NYT, Mar. 28, 1933.

99. Photograph, VB, Apr. 1, 1933; Goebbels, 239; see Rosenbluth, 253.

CHAPTER 7

1. "Many Jews Flee Reich," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933.

2. "Refugee Jews Tax Paris Charity Funds," NYT, Apr. 3, 1933; "20 German Refugees Smuggle Themselves into Belgium," JDB, Apr. 6, 1933 Haaretz, Apr. 6 and Apr. 9, 1933 (trans. G.G.); "German Ban Halts Tide of Refugees," NYT, Apr. 6, 1933; 23,000 Jewish Refugees Cross Swiss Border," JDB, Apr. 7, 1933; "Jewish Refugees in Holland," JC, Apr. 7, 1933; "10,000 Jews Flee Nazi Persecution," NYT, Apr. 15, 1933; "Sir John Simon Replies," JC, Apr. 21, 1933.

3. "10,000 Jews Flee Nazi Persecution," NYT, Apr. 15, 1933.

4. Salo W. Baron, The Russian Jew Under the Tsars and Soviets (New York: Macmillan, 1976), 44-46, 56-58, 182 -85; Abram Leon Sachar, Sufferance is the Badge (New York: Knopf, 1939), 229-34.

5. Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State: An Attempt at a Modern Solution of the Jewish Question, trans. Sylvie D'Avigdor (London: Central Office of the Zionist Organization, 1936); see Alex Bein, Theodore Herzl: A Biography, trans. Maurice Samuel (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1942), 114-16, 173-75.

6.-13. Herzl, 14-77.

14. Bein, 201-3, 225, 238-42, 251-54, 269-70, 319; Jessie E. Sampter, ed., A Guide to Palestine (New York: ZOA, 1920), 60; Bernard A. Rosenblatt, "The Jewish National Fund and the Jewish Colonial Trust," in Sampter, Guide, 64-65.

15. Ben Halpern, The Idea of the Jewish State (Cambridge: Harvard, 1969), 28-31, 152-153; Anna and Maxa Nordau, Max Nordau: A Biography (New York: Nordau Committee, 1943), 169-72; see Bernard A. Rosenblatt and Jessie Sampter, "Factions and Tendencies in Zionism," in Sampter, ed., Guide, 101-7.

16. Chaim Weizmann, Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (New York: Harper, 1949), 200-8.

17. Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 204-5, 251; see Halpern, 31-32, 303-5, 313-15, 330; also see Susan Lee Hattis, The Bi-National Idea in Palestine During Mandatory Times (Haifa: Shikmona, 1970), 38-40, 83-84.

18. See Bein, 156-57, 238-39; see Anna and Maxa Nordau, 182; see Max Nordau, "Address at the Tenth Zionist Congress," Aug. 9, 1911, in Max Nordau, Max Nordau to his People (New York: Scopus, 1941), 195-97; see "Zionism," Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), XVI: 1055-56.

19. See Max Nordau, "Le Travail Immediat" and "Hier, Aujourd'hui, Demain," Le Peuple Juif, Nov. 5 and 26, 1920; see Weizmann, 47; see Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, the Last Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 350-51.

20. Halpern, 184-85; Schechtman, Fighter, 350-51; Weizmann, 47: see Anna and Maxa Nordau, 281.

21. Joseph Schechtman, Rebel and Statesman: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, the Early Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956), 350-51, 399-415: Schechtman, Fighter, 350-51; see Laqueur, 341-45.

22. Recha Freier, Let the Children Come: The Early History of Youth Aliyah (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1961), 10-21.

23. George Warburg, Six Years of Hitler: The Jews Under the Nazi Regime (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1939), 129-31, 135-45; see "East Prussia Ends Mail Delivery to Jews; Children are Forced Out of School," JDB, Aug. 17, 1933: see "'leaching Racial Madness" and "Too Terrible for Words," JC, Sept. 22, 1933: see "Guardian Describes Tortures Inflicted on Jewish Children in Schools in Upper Silesia," JDB, Oct. 10, 1933.

24. Stephen Wise, Challenging Years: The Autobiography of Stephen Wise (New York: Putnam, 1949), 237; letter, Stephen Wise to L. D. Brandeis, Sept. 19, 1933, BPM at AJA.

25. Letter, Dr. Franz Kahn to "Fellow Believers," Mar. 5, 1933, CZA, S25/9703 (trans. GZ); see letter, W. Senator to B. Locker, Mar. 19, 1933, CZA S49/419 (trans. EF).

26. Martin Rosenbluth, Go Forth and Serve: Early Years and Public Life (New York: Herzl, 1961), 254-55.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid. 256-58: see Laqueur, 400.

29. Rosenbluth, 258-60.

30. Ibid. 259-60; see "Lords Cheer Plea for Jews in Reich," NYT, Mar. 31, 1933.

31. Rosenbluth, 260-61.

32. Ibid., 261; see telegram, Chaim Weizmann to Israel M. Sieff, Apr. 16, 1933, in Camillo Dresner, ed., The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann, XV, ser. A, Oct. 1930-June 1933 (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1978), letter no. 363, pp. 402-3.

33. Letter, B. Locker to S. Wise, Apr. 4, 1933, BPM at AJA.

34. Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ 1973), 54: Letter, Berl Locker to Stephen Wise, Apr. 4, 1933, BPM at AJA: letter, Emanuel Neumann to S. Wise, May 9, 1933, BPM at AJA.

35. Esh, 54; Letter, B: Locker to S. Wise, Apr. 4, 1933, BPM at AJA; letter, E. Neumann to S. Wise, May 9, 1933, BPM at AJA.

36. Telegram, Zionist Organization and National Council of Palestine Jews to Reich Chancellor's Office, Mar. 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4887, L318927 (trans. GZ); telegram, Chaim Arlosoroff to the Zionist Organization, Apr. 2, 1933, CZA S25/9757, in Esh, 55, n. 33.

37. Haaretz and Doar Hayom, Apr. 2, 1933, in Esh, 55, n. 32; see "Anti-German Boycott Will Stop if Nazi Boycott is Discontinued, says Vaad Leumi," JDB, Apr. 2, 1933.

38. See Nora Levin, The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry, 1933-1945 (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1968), 82; see "Unfinished Business Prolongs Sessions of Zionist Congress," JDB, Aug. 31, 1933.

39. Halpern, 179-80; see protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 14, 1933, CZA S25/794 (trans. GB); see protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 16, 1933; CZA S25/794 (author's trans. pp. 3-4); see letter, E. Neumann to S. Wise, May 9, 1933, BPM at AJA.

CHAPTER 8

1. Letter, Werner Senator to Berl Locker, Mar. 19, 1933, CZA S49/381 (trans. GZ).

2. Letter, W. Senator to B. Locker, Mar. 19, 1933, CZA S49/381 (trans. GZ); see letter, G. Landauer to W. Senator, Mar. 3, 1933, CZA S49/381; see "Nazis Bands Stir Up Strife in Germany," NYT, Mar. 9, 1933; see Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ, 1973), 38, n. 26; see Karl A. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz: Nazi Policy Toward German Jews, 1933-1939 (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois, 1970). 195.

3.-6. Letter, Senator to Locker, Mar. 19, 1933, CZA S49/381 (trans. GZ).

7. Arthur Schweitzer, Big Business in the Third Reich (Bloomington: Indiana Univ., 1964), 413-17; see Gustav Stolper, German Economy 1870-1940: Issues and Trends (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock. 1940), 191-92.

8. Protocol, Jewish Agency Executive Session, Apr. 9, 1933, CZA 825/794 (trans. GB).

9. Interview with Esther Aharony by Gali Gur, Jan. 31, 1981; interview with David Cohen by Gali Gur, Mar. 26, 1981.

10. Attested copy, the Kaiser-German Police President in Warsaw, Nov. 17, 1915, CZA K11/180-1 (trans. DD).

11. Letter, Dr. Jacob Thon to Mr. Sam Cohen, Nov. 23. 1933, CZA K11/180-1 (trans. DD).

12. Interview with Dr. Nahum Goldmann, Haaretz, May 16, 1927; interview with David Cohen by Gail Gur, Mar. 26, 1981.

13. Interview with Esther Aharony; interview with Ovid Ben Ami by Gali Gur, Jan. 25, 1981.

14. Letter, G. Landauer to Sam Cohen, Mar. 31, 192" (misdated), CZA K11/180-1 (trans. DD); interview with Esther Aharony; see Ernst Marcus, "The German Foreign Office and the Palestine Question in the Period 1933-1939," in Shaul Esh, ed., Yad Vashem Studies in the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, II (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1958): 182; see letter, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. DD/GZ); see letter, Sam Cohen to Dr. Eberl, Aug. 1, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369093/5.

15. Esh, Studies in the Holocaust, 45-46; Marcus, 181-83; see letter, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, CZA S7/92.

16. See letter, Landauer to Cohen, March 31, 1932 (misdated), CZA K-11/180-1; see cable, S. Brodetsky to Arlosoroff, Apr. 13, 1933, CZA S25/9706; letter, Landauer to Brodetsky, undated (Apr. 15-18, 1933), CZA S25/9706; see minutes, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 9, 1933, CZA S25/794 (trans. GB); memorandum, G. Landauer, May 12, 1933, CZA S25/9707 (trans. EF); see report, "Some Theses to the Question of the Liquidation Bank," Chaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. DD); see letter, H. Fleiss to Arlosoroff, June 10, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. DD).

17.-18. Esh, Studies in the Holocaust, 45-46; see Marcus, 181-82.

19. Esh, Studies in the Holocaust, 46.

20. Letter, G. Landauer to S. Cohen, Mar. 31, 1932 (misdated), CZA K-11/180-1 (trans. DD).

21. See letter, M. Achi-Felix (Martin Rosenbluth) to Arlosoroff, Apr. 6, 1933, CZA S25/794 (trans. DD); letter to "Lieber Franz," unsigned, Apr. 4, 1933, CZA S25/794; letter, unsigned (Arlosoroff) to Chaim Weizmann, Apr. 4, 1933, CZA S25/794; letter, unsigned (Berl Locker) to Franz Kahn, Apr. 5, 1933, CZA S25/794; letter, G. Landauer to Prof. Brodetsky, undated (Apr., 1933), CZA S25/9706; letters, unsigned (Martin Rosenbluth) to G. Landauer, May 19 and June 7, 1933, CZA L-13/138/II.

22. Cable, Brodetsky to Arlosoroff, Apr. 13, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. GB).

23. Cable 613, Jewish Agency to Zionistburo London, Apr. 4, 1933, CZA S25/9809 (trans. GB).

24. Letter, Central Department, British Foreign Office to the Chancery, British Embassy, Berlin, Apr. 27, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556; letter, A.C.C. Parkinson, Colonial Office, to Prof. Brodetsky, Apr. 8, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556.

25. Letters, Central Department to the Chancery, Apr. 17, 1933, and Parkinson to Prof. Brodetsky, Apr. 8, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556; Schweitzer, 192-93; Schleunes, 139.

26. Werner Feilchenfeld, Dolf Michaelis and Ludwig Pinner, Haavara-Transfer Nach Palestina Und Einwanderung Deutscher Juden, 1933-1939 (Tubingen: Mohr Verlag, 1972), 21.

27. Letters, Central Department to the Chancery, Apr. 17, 1933, and Parkinson to Brodetsky, Apr. 8, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556.

28. Ibid.; letter, A.C.C. Parkinson to Brodetsky, Apr. 15, 1933, and note, R.M.A. Hantke, Apr. 18, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556.

29. Letter, Brodetsky to Parkinson, Apr. 13, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721-1556.

30. Letter, Parkinson to Brodetsky, Apr. 15, 1933. and notes, R.M.A. Hankey, Apr. 18. and J. C. Stendale-Bennett, Apr. 22, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16721/1556.

31. Cable, Brodetsky to Arlosoroff, Apr. 13, 1933, CZA S25/9706; letter, Landauer to Brodetsky, undated (Apr., 1933), CZA S25/9706; see cable 613, Jewish Agency to Zionistburo, Apr. 4, 1933, CZA S25/9809; see protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 9, 1933, CZA S25/794 (trans. GB); also see memorandum, Chaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. DD).

32. Letter, Landauer to Brodetsky, undated (Apr., 1933), CZA S25/9706 (trans. GZ).

33. See Dr. Werner Feilchenfeld, Five Years of Jewish Immigration From Germany and Haavara-Transfer, 1933-1938 (Tel Aviv: Trust and Transfer Office "Haavara" Ltd., 1938), 5-10.

CHAPTER 9

1. Report, Berl Locker, Apr. 10, 1933, CZA S25/9809 (trans. EF); letter, B. Locker to Arlosoroff, Apr. 8, 1933, CZA S25/794.

2. Letter, B. Locker to Arlosoroff, Apr. 8, 1933, CZA S25/794; report, B. Locker, Apr. 10, 1933, CZA S25/9809.

3. "Drive Opened Here to Aid Reich Jews," and "Canadians Protest," NYT, Apr. 3, 1933.

4. See Mark Wischnitzer, To Dwell in Safety: The Story of Jewish Migration Since 1800 (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1949), 122, 141-42, 145-46; Herbert Agar, The Saving Remnant: An Account of Jewish Survival Since 1914 (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1960), 25, 30, 51-54, 64-69; "10,000 Jews Flee Nazi Persecution," NYT, Apr. 15, 1933.

5. See report, B. Locker, Apr. 10, 1933, CZA S25/9809; letter, M. Achi-Felix (Martin Rosenbluth) to Arlosoroff, Apr. 6, 1933, and Locker to Arlosoroff, Apr. 8, 1933, CZA S25/794; see protocol, JA Exec. Sessions, Apr. 9, 14 and 23, 1933, CZA S25/794.

6. See "We Must Enlarge the Yishub," New Palestine, Jan. 20, 1933; see "Dinner to Straus to Open New York Drive," New Palestine, Mar. 3, 1933; see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans- Jordan for the Year 1932 (London: HMSO, 1933), 21; see letter, E. Neumann to R. Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, and attached "Exhibit C," BPM at AJA.

7. Protocol of the 19th Zionist Congress, p. 78, cited in Yoab Gelber, Hamediniut Hazionit Veheskem Ha-Haavara, 1933-1935 (Tadpis Mitoch: "Yalkut Moreschet," Hoveret 17), 99.

8. See "Sharp Jewish Labor Shortage in Palestine, Histadruth Appeals for New Chalutzim," JDB, Feb. 24, 1933; see "Jewish Labor Shortage in Palestine," New Palestine, Mar. 3, 1933; "Pupils of Jewish Schools and Colleges Mobilized to Relieve Labor Shortage in Palestine," JDB, Mar. 9, 1933.

9. Letter, B. Locker to Chaim Weizmann, Apr. 4, 1933, CZA S25/794.

10. Letter, W. Senator to Bernard Kahn, Apr. 6, 1933, CZA S49/381 (trans. EF).

11. Ibid.: see Esco Foundation for Palestine, Inc., Palestine: A Study of Jewish, Arab and British Policies (New Haven: Yale, 1947), I: 316-19; see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1930 (London: HMSO, 1931), 35-36, 41; see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1931 (London: HMSO, 1932), 17-18, 23; see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1932 (London: HMSO, 1933), 21, 26, 28.

12. Letter, Senator to Kahn, Apr. 6, 1933, CZA S49/381 (trans. EF).

13. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 9, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 12 trans. GB).

14.- 16. Ibid. (author's trans. 3-12).

17. Ibid. (author's trans. 11-14); see protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 16, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 6).

18.-19. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 9, 1933, CZA S25/794 (see author's trans. 1-2).

20. Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 476-77; see Golda Meir, My Life (New York: Dell, 1975), 138-39; see Chaim Weizmann, Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (New York: Harper, 1949), 300.

21. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 9, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 4-5).

22.-25. Ibid. (author's trans. 4-15).

26. Ibid. (author's trans. 16); see letter, Neumann to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA.

27. Extract from minutes, meeting of the Executive of the JA, Mar. 23, 1933, BPM at AJA; letters, Maurice Hexter to Julius Simon and Nahum Sokolow, Mar. 24, 1933, BPM at AJA.

28. See "Daily Report of the Activities of Emanuel Neumann, March 11 to March 17, 1933," and "Daily Activities of Emanuel Neumann, Mar. 19 to March 28, 1933," BPM at AJA.

CHAPTER 10

1. See letter, Arlosoroff to "Members of the Executive," Apr. 7, 1933, BPM at AJHS; letter, E. Neumann to R. Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA, 1-4; see "Mizarchi Asks Removal of Dr. Arlosoroff Over Transjordan Negotiations," JDB, Apr. 27, 1933.

2. Letter, Neumann to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA; "Transjordan Chiefs Entertained," London JC, Apr. 21, 1933; "Dr. Weizmann and the Sheikhs," Palestine Post, Apr. 10, 1933.

3. "Dr. Weizmann and the Sheikhs," Palestine Post, Apr. 10, 1933.

4. Susan Lee Hattis, The Bi-National Idea in Palestine During Mandatory Times (Haifa: Shikmona, 1970), 19-21, 24-30, 43-45, 59-60, 64-67, 86-92, 115-16; see Jacob Boas, "'The Jews of Germany: Self-Perceptions in the Nazi Era As Reflected in the German Jewish Press, 1933-1938" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, Univ. of California, Riverside, 1977), 13-14.

5. Hattis, 84-86, 95-96, 101-2: Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 258-59.

6. Letter, Neumann to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA.

7. Letter, B. Locker to Arlosoroff, Apr. 8, 1933, CZA S25/794.

8. Letter, "M. Achi-Felix" (Martin Rosenbluth) to Arlosoroff, Apr. 6, 1933, CZA S-25/794 (trans. DD).

9. Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945 (Toronto: Bantam, 1976), 77-78: see Dr. Joseph Goebbels, My Part in Germany's Fight, trans. Dr. Kurt Fiedler (London: Hurst and Blackett, 1935), 236-37: see letter, "M. Francois- Poncet, French Ambassador to Germany, to M. Paul-Boncour, Foreign Minister," Apr. 5, 1933, DDF 1932-1939, 1st ser., III (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1967): 155: see minutes, cabinet meeting of the German government, March 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 1712, D792205 et seq.: also see Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Harper Colophon, 1979), 21: see report, Chaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706: see letter, Jacob Billikopf to Herbert Lehman, Sep. 1, 1933, BPM at AJA, 9-10.

10. "Nazis See Victory in their Boycott," NYT, Apr. 4, 1933: "German Ban Halts Tide of Refugees, " NYT, Apr. 6, 1933: "20 German Refugees Smuggle Themselves into Belgium," JDB, Apr. 6, 1933: wireless to NYT, Apr. 7, 1933: "Boycott of Jews in Germany," London Times, Mar. 31, 1933.

11. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 14, 1933, CZA 5-25/794 (trans. GB).

12. Letter, Weizmann to Israel M. Sieff, Apr. 23, 1933, n. 2, in Camillo Dresner, ed., The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction, 1978), XV, ser. A, Oct. 1930-June 1933, letter no. 364, p. 403: see protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 23, 1933, CZA S25/794 (trans. GB: author's trans. 3).

13. Elias M. Epstein, "The Redemption of the Land," in Jessie Sampter, ed., Modern Palestine: A Symposium (New York: Hadassah, 1933), 91-92: see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Transjordan for the rear 1933 (London: HMSO, 1934), 27.

14. Letter, Weizmann to Sieff, Apr. 23, 1933, in Dresner, Letter no. 364, p. 403, n. 2: protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 23, 1933, CZA S25/794.

15. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 14, 1933, CZA S25/794 (trans. GB: author's trans. 2).

16.-17. Ibid. (author's trans. 2-4).

18. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 16, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 3-4): see protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 23, 1933, CZA S25/794: see letter, Neumann to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA, 1.

19. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 16, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 3-4).

20.-21. Ibid. (author's trans. 4-8).

20.-21. Ibid. (author's trans. 8): see cable 620, JA to Zionistburo, Apr. 18, 1933 (misdated), CZA S25/9809: see cable 620, Arlosoroff to Zionistburo, undated, CZA S25/9809: see letter, Neumann to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA, 1.

23. Letter, Neuman to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA, 1-2: see letter, Weizmann to Sieff, Apr. 23, 1933, in Dresner, letter no. 364, p. 403, see n. 2.

24. Letter, Neumann to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA.

25. See protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 19, 1933, first session (author's trans. 5), and protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 25, 1933, CZA S25/794.

26. Cable 622, Arlosoroff to Zionistburo, London, CZA S25/9809.

27. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 19, 1933, second session, CZA S25/794.

28. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 23, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 6).

29. See Hilberg, 19-20, see 19, n. 5: see Dawidowicz, 71-72, 77-78.

30. See protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 23, 1933 (author's trans. I) and protocol, JA Exec. Session, April 9, 1933 (author's trans. pp. 1-2), CZA S25/794.

31. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 23, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 1-6, 12).

32.-34. Ibid. (author's trans. 1-14).

35. Letter, Arlosoroff to Consul Wolff, Apr. 23, 1933, CZA S25/9809, in Yoab Gelber, Hamediniut Hazionit Veheshem Ha-Haavara, 1933-1935 (Tadpis Mitoch: "Yalkut Moreshet," Hoveret 17, 107 (author's trans. 12-13): letter, Wolff to Mr. Pruefer, Apr. 24, 1933, CZA A-44/14 (trans. GZ).

36. Protocol, JA Exec. Session, Apr. 25, 1933, CZA S25/794 (author's trans. 1-3).

37.-38. Ibid. (author's trans. 2-4).

39. See report, Consul Wolff, Apr. 24, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368911 (trans. GZ).

40. Ibid.: see report, Alexander Sloan, American Consulate, Jerusalem, "Proposed Settlement of Arab Villagers on Household Plots Provided by Jewish Auspices," May 1, 1933, NA 867N.oo/174.

41.-42. Report, Wolff, Apr. 25, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368911 (trans. GZ).

43. Gelber, 108 (author's trans. 13): Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ, 1973), 42 (author's trans. 8).

CHAPTER 11

1. "Paris Boycott is Started," and "Jews in Istanbul Urge Boycott," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933.

2. "Canadians Protest," and "Refugee Jews Tax Paris Charity Funds," NYT, Apr. 3, 1933.

3. "Clash at Jewish Protest in Greece," NYT, Apr. 5, 1933: "Jews in Panama Boycott Germany," and "French Jews Press Boycott Till Reich Ends Discrimination," NYT, Apr. 4, 1933.

4. "Foreign Reactions: Hitler Brings the World About His Ears," JC, Apr. 7, 1933.

5. "15,000 Reds Cheer Attacks on Hitler," NYT, Apr. 6, 1933.

6. "Berlin Asks Curb on Silesia Terror," NYT, Apr. 7, 1933; "Attack German Buildings," NYT, Apr. 10, 1933; "Poles Burn German Papers," NYT, Apr. 12, 1933; political report, "The Minister in Poland to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 19, 1933, and enclosed memorandum, Apr. 12, 1933, DGFP 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957), ser. C, I: 306-310.

7."2 British Cities Ban Anti-German Signs," NYT, Apr. 10, 1933; "London Lifts Ban on Anti- German Posters; Cabinet Permits Jewish Boycott of Goods," NYT, Apr. 11, 1933.

8. "Lists Big German Losses," NYT, Apr. 16, 1933.

9. "Rumanian Jews Boycott Germans," NYT, Apr. 14, 1933.

10. "Antwerp Jews Boycott Germany," NYT, Apr. 18, 1933.

11. "Croatian Nationalists Start Boycott Against Boycotters," JDB, Apr. 20, 1933.

12. See "Nazis Begin to Dodge Anti-Semitic Boomerang," NYT, Apr. 2, 1933; Haaretz, Apr. 6, 1933 (trans. GG); "Hitler's Boomerang Policy," JC, Apr. 7, 1933.

13. Haaretz, Apr. 6, 1933 (trans. GG).

14. "Centre of Interest at Basle," NYT, Apr. 10, 1933; see "Extract from the Minutes of the Conference of Ministers," Apr. 7, 1933, DGFP, 261-262.

15. "Hitler Policy Hits German Business," NYT, Apr. 10, 1933.

16. "More Moderation is Shown by Nazis," NYT, Apr. 12, 1933; see letter, "Chancellor Hitler to President Hindenburg," Apr. 5, 1933, DGFP, "53-55; "Hitler to Clarify Policy on Jews," NYT, Apr. 19, 1933.

17. "Thde Groups Deny German Export Rise," NYT, Apr. 24, 1933.

18. F. Thelwell, "Memorandum on the German Situation, April 1933," Apr. 26, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16695-1527.

19. Letter, unsigned (B. Locker) to Franz Kahn, Apr. 5, 1933, CZA S25/794 (trans. DD).

20. Letter, B. Locker to the Jewish Agency Executive, Apr. 4, 1933, Weizmann Archive; see letter, Locker to Weizmann, Apr. 4, 1933, WA (trans. NS).

21.-23. Letter, "Lionel" to Cyrus Adler, Apr. 3, 1933, AJCmA.

24. Telegram, Cyrus Adler and Alfred Cohen to Secretary of State Cordell Hull, Apr. 6, 1933, AJCmA.

25. Ibid.; telegram, Cordell Hull, Secretary of State, to Cyrus Adler, Apr. 7, 1933, AJCmA.

26. "Drive Opened Here to Aid Reich Jews," NYT, Apr. 3, 1933.

27. Letter, G. Fredman to Cyrus Adler, Apr. 14, 1933, AJCmA; letter, Cyrus Adler to J. George Fredman, Apr. 19, 1933, AJCmA.

28. Editorial, Der Tog, Apr. 29, 1933, cited in "Jewish 'Day' Scores Anti-Parade Stand," JDB, May 1, 1933.

CHAPTER 12

1. See Werner E. Braatz, "German Commercial Interests in Palestine; Zionism and the Boycott of German Goods, 1933-1934," European Studies Review (SAGE, London and Beverly Hills), IX: 490-491; see letter, John Wanamaker Co., Apr. 21, 1933; letter, Finland, Apr. 17, 1933; letter, Brussels Leather Merchants Syndicate, Apr. 3, 1933; boycott handbill, forwarded by the German representative in Egypt, undated: reports, from North Africa, London, Denmark, Romania, Norway, Ireland, and the United States, all transmitted by the German Foreign Office to other agencies, all in NA, T-120 roll 4956, L370262/371913 (trans. GZ).

2. Letter, Chamber of Commerce, Muenster, Apr. 19, 1933, and letter, Chamber of Commerce, Offenbach, May 9, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4956, L370262, et seq. (trans. GZ).

3. Telegram, "The Consul-General at Danzig to the Foreign Minister," Mar. 7, 1933, DGFP 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957), ser. C, I: 111-12, see n. 2; see telegram, "The Deputy Director of Department IV to the Consulate General at Danzig," DGFP, 130: see "In Europe's new Tenseness the 'Corridor' Looms Large," NYT, Mar. 19, 1933.

4.-9. "Extract from the Minutes of the Conference of Ministers," Apr. 27, 1933, DGFP, 250-62.

10. Memorandum by Moltke, Apr. 12, 1933, in "The Minister in Poland to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 19, 1933, DGFP, 307-10.

11. Telegram, "The Ambassador in Italy to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 22, 1933, DGFP, 325, see n. 1.

12-13. Political report, "The Minister in Poland to the Foreign Ministry," DGFP, 328-33.

14.-16. Telegram, "The Minister in Czechoslovakia to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 25, 1933, DGFP, 343, see no. 2.

[admin]

PART 3 OF 5

CHAPTER 13

1. "Boycott Chiefs View," NYT, Apr. 4, 1933.

2. "Sweep of Officials is Decreed in Reich," NYT, Apr. 13, 1933: see letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Secretary of State," FRUS, 1933, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1949), II: 347-350.

3. "Demand New Move to Aid Reich Jews," NYT, Apr. 20, 1933; "Anti-Nazi Protest March Through New York Voted by American Jewish Congress," JDB, Apr. 21, 1933.

4. See letter, Wise to Ruth Mack Brunswick, Apr. 6, 1933, in Carl Hermann Voss, ed., Stephen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1969), 183; letter, J. H. Holmes to Wise, Apr. 20, 1933, BPM at AJA: see cablegram, Wise to Mr. Deutsch, in minutes, AJCAdCom., Aug. 17, 1933, AJHS, 1-2: "Dr. Wise's Report on his Activities in Europe," in minutes, AJCAd, AJHS, 13: see press release, AJC, Sep. 25, 1933, BPM at AJA, 4-5.

5. "Anti-Nazi Protest March Through New York Voted," JDB, Apr. 21, 1933.

6. Ibid.: "Demand New Move to Aid Reich Jews," NYT, Apr. 21, 1933: "Protest Parade on Nazi Book Burning Day to Be Largest Ever Staged Here," JDB, May 5, 1933.

7. "Call 2,000,000 Jews to March in Protest," NYT, Apr. 21, 1933: "Protest Parade on Nazi Book Burning to be Largest Ever Staged Here," JDB, May 5, 1933: "Colby to be Speaker at Hitler Protest," NYT, May 9, 1933; "Jews of World Join in Great Demonstration Against Hitler Persecutions," JDB, May 12, 1933.

8. "Frown on Parades as Hitler Protest," NYT, Apr. 28, 1933.

9. "A Universal Verdict," NYT, Apr. 29, 1933.

10. "250,000 to Protest," NYT, May 4, 1933.

11.-12. "Schacht Aroused by Dispatch to The Times; Challenges Account of Nazi Rally Plans," NYT, May 5, 1933.

13. Telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 6, 1933, DGFP, 1918-1945 (London, HMSO, 1957), ser. C. I: 390-391: Hjalmar Horace Greely Schacht, Confessions of "The Old Wizard": The Autobiography of Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht, trans. Diana Pyke (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1956), 282.

14. Telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 6, 1933, DGFP, 392; Schacht, 282.

15.- 16. Telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 6, 1933, DGFP, 390-93.

17. "German Dye Trust Hit by Reprisals," and "Untermyer Urges German Boycott," NYT, May 8, 1933: see "Extract from the Minutes of the Conference of Ministers," Apr. 7, 1933, DGFP, 262.

18. "Jews Invite Schacht," NYT, May 8, 1933.

19. See letter, Wise to Albert Einstein, May 9, 1933, in Voss, 188.

20. "Boycott of Reich Verified in Munich," NYT, May 9, 1933,

21. Schacht, 283: Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (New York: Macmillan, 1948), I: 237.

22. Hull, 236-38.

23. William E. Dodd, Jr., and Martha Dodd, Ambassador Dodd's Diary, 1933-1938 (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1941), 4-5: Schacht, 283-84: Hull, 237-38.

24. Hull, 237-38; Schacht, 283-84.

25. Hull, 238.

26. Letter, Wise to Einstein, May 9, 1933, in Voss, 187.

27. "Schacht Will Measure Cost of Anti-Semitism," NYT, May 7, 1933.

28. "Untermyer Urges German Boycott," NYT, May 8, 1933.

29. "100,000 March Here in 6-Hour Protest Over Nazi Policies," NYT, May 11, 1933: "Jews of World Join in Great Demonstration Against Hitler Persecutions in Germany," JDB, May 12, 1933; see photograph, "Anti-Nazi Demonstration Organized by the American Jewish Congress in New York, May 10, 1933," in "United States," Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), XV: 1629-30.

30. "100,000 March Here," NYT, May 11, 1933; "Jews of World Join in Great Demonstration," JDB, May 12, 1933.

31. "100,000 March Here," NYT, May 11, 1933; "Jews of World Join in Great Demonstration," JDB, May 12, 1933: see Justine Wise Polier and James Waterman Wise, ed., The Personal Letters of Stephen Wise (Boston: Beacon, 1965), 9-10.

32. "100,000 March Here," NYT, May 11, 1933; "Jews of World Join in Great Demonstration," JDB, May 12, 1933: "50,000 Jews Unite in Chicago Protest," NYT, May 11, 1933: see "Paris Joins Protest," "Protest Goebbels Appointment," and "20,000 in Philadelphia Parade," JDB, May 12, 1933.

33. Schacht, 284-85: see telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 15, 1933, DGFP, 423: see letter, Wise to Einstein, May 9, 1933, in Voss, 188: see confidential memo, L.D.B. (Brandeis) to S.S.W (Wise), May 11, 1933, BPM at AJA.

34. "Private and Confidential Bulletin," J.T.A., undated, BPM at AJA: see letter/diary, James G. McDonald to the Foreign Policy Association, Apr. 3, 1933, BPM at AJA, 2-4; see letters, Wise to George Alexander Kohut, Apr. 26, 1933, and Wise to Einstein, May 9, 1933, in Voss, 186-87; Confidential memo, L.D.B. (Brandeis) to S.S.W. (Wise), May 11, 1933, BPM at AJA; letter, Wise to L.D.B. (Brandeis), May 12, 1933, BPM at AJA: see letter, Joe Comming to Wise, May 10, 1933, BPM at AJA: see Naomi W. Cohen, Not Free to Desist: The American Jewish Committee, 1906-1966 (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1972), 162: Schacht 284-85.

35. Schacht, 285; see telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 15, 1933, DGFP, 423.

36. Telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 15, 1933, DGFP, 423-24: see Schacht, 284.

37. Telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 15, 1933, DGFP, 413-14.

CHAPTER 14

2. Isaiah Friedman, Germany, Turkey and Zionism, 1897-1918 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1977), 3-6, 59-66, 73-90; H. G. Adler, The Jews in Germany from the Enlightenment to National Socialism, (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1969), 104.

2. Friedman, 80, 197-201, 211-27, 339-41; see Great Britain Arab Office, The Future of Palestine (Geneva, Switzerland: "Imprimerie Centrale," 1947), 96-104.

3. Dickram Boyajian, Armenia: TM Case for a Forgotten Genocide (Westwood, New Jersey: Educational Book Crafters, 1972), 15, 145, see 192-36.

4. Friedman, 400-2, 406; Francis R. J. Nocosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, McGill, 1977), 23-27, 47-48, see appendix no. 8, p. 356.

5. "Is Palestine in Need of German Goods?" Haaretz, Aug. 16, 1933, in report, American Consulate General in Jerusalem, Aug. 30, 1933, NA ADT-667N.6212/6;see letter, Wolff o RFM, July 3, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368972/77; see "Palestine as a German Export Market," JR, July 25, 1933 (trans. GZ); see Nicosia, 30-32, see appendixes nos. 6 and 7, pp. 354-55.

6. Doar Hayom, Mar. 27, 1933, in Werner E. Braatz, "German Commercial Interests in Palestine: Zionism and the Boycott of German Goods, 1933-1934," European Studies Review (SAGE, London and Beverly Hills), IX (1979): 494-85.

7. Haaretz, Apr. 3, 1933 (trans. GG); see confidential minutes, American Economic Committee for Palestine Executive Committee, May 15, 1933, BPM at AJA; see editorial, Kol Israel, May 18, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4028, L015469/72; see letters, Wolff to the RFM, Mar. 28, 30, and telegram, Mar. 31, NA T-230 roll 4028, L015398/406 (trans. GZ); see report, "Jewish Boycott of German Goods and Opportunities for American Exporters," American Consulate General in Jerusalem to the Secretary of State, July 7, 1933, NA ADT 667N.6212/2.

8. Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, The Last Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1962), 139-40, 158-59, 164-72, see 214-16; see Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 343-59.

9. Hazit Haam, Apr. 22, 1933, in JABA (trans. GG); see report, "Boycott of German Goods Expanding," American Consulate General in Jerusalem to the Secretary of State, Apr. 5, 1933, NA ADT 667N.6212/1 see report, "Continued Boycott of German Goods," American Consulate General in Jerusalem to the Secretary of State, Aug. 26, 1933, NA ADT 667N. 6212/7.

10. Letter, Wolff to RFM, May 8, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4887, L319007/013 (trans. GZ); see Braatz, 490-92.

11. Letter, Chancery, British Embassy, Berlin, to the Central Department, Foreign Office, May 6, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16723-1556; "Difficulties for Palestine Emigrants Made Despite Nazi Promise to Britain," JDB, May 5, 1933.

12. See letter, G. Landauer to Prof. Brodetsky, undated (mid-Apr., 1933), CZA S25/9706 (trans. GZ).

13. Notes, R.M.A. Hankey, Apr. 18, 1933, and J. C. Stendale-Bennett, Apr. 22, and confidential letter, A.C.C. Parkinson to Brodetsky, Apr. 15, 1933, in "Foreign Office Minute: Position of Jews in Germany, " PRO-FO 371/16721-1556.

14. utter, I. H. Wallace to R.M.A. Hankey, Apr. 21, 1933, and letter, Central Department to the Chancery, British Embassy, Berlin, Apr. 27, 1933, PRO FO 371/16721-1556.

15. "Moses, Siegfried," Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), XII: 415-16; see "Note Concerning the Transfer Agreement," Sam Cohen, Oct. 9, 1933, CZA Z4/3434.

16. "Note Concerning the Transfer Agreement," Sam Cohen, Oct. 9, 1933, CZA Z4/3434.

17. See letter, Wolff to RFM, Apr. 25, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368911 (trans. GZ); see note, "Permission for Emigrants to Palestine to Deposit Monies on the Sperrkonto of the Firm Hanotaiah," Dr. Reichhardt for the Ministry of Economics to Hanotaiah, May 19, 1933, CZA K-11/180-2 (trans. GZ).

18. Karl A. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz: Nazi Policy Toward German Jews, 1933-1939 (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois, 1970), 195-96; see Werner Feilchenfeld, Dolf Michaelis, and Ludwig Pinner, Haavara-Transfer nach Palestina und Einwanderung deutscher Juden 1933-1939 (Tuebingen, 1972), 12 (author's trans. 7); see interview, Dr. Dolf Michaelis with the author, Sep. 1, 1981, author's transcript 4-7, 61.

19. Interview with Dr. Michaelis, Sep. 1. 1981, author's transcript 61-68.

20. Note, "Permission for Emigrants to Palestine to Deposit Monies," Dr. ReichhaIdt for the Ministry of Economics to Hanotaiah, May 19, 1933, CZA K-11/180-2 (trans. GZ); see interview, Dr. Michaelis, Sep. 1, 1981, author's transcript 12-14; also see letters, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, and Landauer to Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. GZ); see Histadrut minutes, "Protocol on the Situation of Jews in Germany," Bellinson and Julius Berger, July. 14, 1933, ALM (trans. GG); also see letter, Wolff to the RFM, July 27, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369010/20 (trans. GZ); also see letter, Herman Ellern to Schmidt-Roelke, July 27. 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369051/2.

21. See Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State: An Attempt at a Modern Solution of the Jewish Question, trans. Sylvie D'Avigdor (London: Central Office of ZO, 1936). 34; see note. "Permission for Emigrants to Palestine to Deposit Monies," Dr. Reichhardt for the Ministry of Economics to Hanotaiah, May 19, 1933. CZA K-11/180-2 (trans. GZ); see letter, Herman Ellern to Schmidt-Roelke, July 27, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954. L369051/2; see interview, Dr. Michaelis, Sep. 1, 1981, author's transcript 13-14.

22.-25. Confidential report, "Sir H. Rumbold to Sir John Simon," May 11, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16751-1556, pp. 1-2.

26. Ibid.; see memorandum, "Sir E. Phipps (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," Oct. 24, 1933, DGFP, 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957), ser. C.I: 713.

27.-30. Confidential report, "Sir H. Rumbold to Sir J. Simon," May 11, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16751-1556, pp. 2-3.

31. Schleunes, 140; "Jewish Reaction on Reich," NYT, May 15, 1933.

33. "Jews Here Decree Boycott on Reich, "NYT, May 15, 1933.

33. "Jewish Reaction on Reich," NYT, May 15, 1933; "Stores Find 'Made in Germany' a Handicap; Importers are Looking Elsewhere for Goods." NYT, May 16, 1933.

34. "Reich Exports Cut by 10% in April." NYT, 5/17/33; "Reich Prices Rise; Nazis Are Worried." NYT, 5/22/33; see Richard Grunberger, The 12-Year Reich; A Social History of Nazi Germany, 1933- 1945 (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971), 4.

35. See "The Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture to the Reich Chancellor," Apr. 12, 1933, DGFP, 287-88; see "The Minister in Poland to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 19, 1933, and enclosed "Memorandum," Apr. 12, 1933, DGFP, 306-10; see political report, "The Minister in Poland to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 23, 1933, DGFP, 328-33; letter, "Minister Moltke to State Secretary Bulow," Apr. 26, 1933, DGFP, 351-53; see telegram, "The Ambassador in Italy to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 22, 1933, DGFP, 325; strictly confidential telegram, "The Minister in Czechoslovakia to the Foreign Ministry," Apr. 25, 1933, DGFP, 343, see n. 2; letter, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," May 5, 1933, DBFP (London: HMSO, 1956), 1919- 1939, ser. 2, V (1933): 200-2.

36. Letter, "Sir R. Graham (Rome) to Sir J. Simon," Apr. 14, 1933, DBFP, 143; telegram, "The President of the Reichsbank to the Foreign Ministry," May 15, 1933, DGFP, 423-24; "Minute by an Official of Department II," May 2, 1933, DGFP, 369-72; "Memorandum by the Reichswehr Minister," May 15, 1933, DGFP, 435-36.

37. Telegram, Moses, Berlin, to Mazurka, Lodz, May 13, 1933, CZA K-11/180-1 (trans. DD).

38. Letters, Landauer to Jacobsohn, 619/33, and Landauer to Pinner, 713/33, CZA S7/92; memorandum, Landauer to Arlosoroff, 5/12/33, CZA S-25/9707 (trans. EF); see interview with Chaim Arlosoroff, "What Does Palestine Have to Offer the German Jews?" JR, no. 41, 5/23/33 (trans. GZ).

39. See letter, Chaim Arlosoroff to Sima Arlosoroff, May 21, 1933, in The Writings of Chaim Arlosoroff, Tel Aviv University (trans. GG); Sima Arlosoroff, in Chaim Arlosoroff: A Selection of His Writings and Biographical Chapters, 52 (trans. GG); see Hans-Otto Meissner, Magda Goebbels; The First Lady of the Third Reich, trans. Gwendolin Mary Keeble (New York: Dial, 1980), 13-14.

40. See memorandum, Landauer to Arlosoroff, May 12, 1933, CZA S-25/9707 (trans. EF); see top secret memorandum, "Some Thesis to the Question of the Liquidations Bank," Chaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S-25/9706.

41. "Leipzig Fur Auction Fails," NYT, 5/13/33.

42. Confidential report, "Sir H. Rumbold to Sir John Simon," May 11, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16751-1556; see speech, Adolf Hitler to the Doctor's Union, Apr. 1933, in Norman H. Baynes, ed. and trans., The Speeches of Adolf Hitler, I (London: Oxford, 1942), 728-29; interview, Adolf Hitler by Bernard Ridder and William J. Margreve, Staats-Zeitung and Herald, in "Hitler, 'Man With a Holy Mission' Explains Jewish Stand to Ridder," JDB, May 24, 1933; see interview, Adolf Hitler by Anne O'Hare McCormick, "Hitler Seeks Jobs for All Germans," NYT, July 10, 1933; see speech, Adolf Hitler, Oct. 24, 1933, in Baynes, 729-30.

43.-44. Interview with Adolf Hitler by Ridder and Margreve, in "Hitler 'Man With a Holy Mission,' Explains Jewish Stand," JDB, May 24, 1933.

45. Memorandum, Landauer to Arlosoroff, May 12, 1933, CZA S25/9707; also see letter, Landauer to Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S-7/92 (trans. GZ/ DD); telegram, Moses, Berlin, to Mazurka, Lodz, May 13, 1933, CZA K-11/180-1.

46. Telegram, Moses, Berlin, to Mazurka, Lodz, May 13, 1933, CZA K-11/180-1.

47. Note, "Permission for Emigrants to Palestine to Deposit Monies," Dr. Reichardt for the Ministry of Economies to Hanotaiah, May 19, 1933, CZA K-11/180-2 (trans. GZ).

CHAPTER 15

1. Telegram, Moses, Berlin, to Mazurka, Lodz, May 13, 1933, CZA K-11/180-1 (trans. DD).

2. Letter, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. DD/GZ).

3. See statement, RFM, in letter, Chancery, British Embassy, Berlin, to the Central Department, May 23, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16724-1723.

4. Letters, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, and Landauer to Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S7/92; see letters, President of the State Finance Office/ Office of Foreign Currency to prospective emigrants to Palestine, June 2, 7, and 12, 1933, CZA S7/92.

5. Letters, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, and Landauer to Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S7/92; see letter, no signature (Martin Rosenbluth) to Landauer, May 19, 1933, CZA L-13/138-II (trans. DD).

6. Letter, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. GZ/DD); see "Note About the Transfer Agreement," Sam Cohen, Oct. 9, 1933, CZA Z4/3434; see "Highly Confidential" report, "Some Theses to the Question of the Liquidation Bank," Chaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. DD).

7.-9. "Highly Confidential" report, "Some Theses to the Question of the Liquidation Bank," Cbaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706; also see letter, H. Fleiss to Chaim Arlosoroff, June 10, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. DD).

10.-11. "Highly Confidential" report, "Some Theses to the Question of the Liquidation Bank," Chaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S-25/9706.

12. Ibid.; see Theodor Herzl, The Jewish State; An Attempt at a Modern Solution of the Jewish Question, trans. Sylvie D'Avigdor (London: Central Office of ZO, 1936), 18, 29.

13. Letter, no signature (Martin Rosenbluth) to Landauer, May 19, 1933, CZA L-13/138-II (trans. DD); see report, "Some Theses to the Question of the Liquidation Bank," Chaim Arlosoroff, May 19, 1933, CZA S-25/9706; interview with Chaim Arlosoroff, "What Does Palestine Have to Offer the German Jews?" JR, no 41, May 23, 1933, 214 (trans. GZ); see speech, "Palestine and the Present Jewish Emergency," Chaim Arlosoroff, Selbstwehr, no. 21, May 26, 1933 (trans. HG).

14. Interview with Dr. Chaim Arlosoroff, "What Does Palestine Have to Offer the German Jews?" JR, no. 41, May 23, 1933, 214 (trans. GZ); see Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ, 1973), 42, no. 9 (author's trans. 63).

15.-16. Interview with Dr. Chaim Arlosoroff, "What Does Palestine Have to Offer the German Jews?" JR, no. 41, May 23, 1933, 214 (trans. GZ).

17. "Report From Germany," in protocol, ZO Exec. Session, June 1, 1933, CZA L-13/138-1 (trans. DD).

18.-20. Statement, RFM, in dispatch, Chancery, British Embassy, Berlin, to the Central Department, May 23, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16724-1723.

21. Speech, Chaim Arlosoroff, "Palestine and the Present Jewish Emergency," Selbstwehr, no. 21, May 26, 1933 (trans. HG); see "Transportation of Jewish Capital from Germany to Palestine," Haaretz, July 20, 1933 (trans. GZ).

22. Letter, no signature (Martin Rosenbluth) to Landauer, May 19, 1933, CZA L-13/138-11 (trans. DD).

23. Letter, Zionist Central Office to Sam Cohen, May 30, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4887, L015521 or L319146 (trans. GZ).

24.-26. "Report from Germany," in protocol, ZO Exec. Session, June 1, 1933, CZA L-13/138-I (trans. DD).

27. Ibid.; telegram, ZO, London, to the Jewish Agency, Jerusalem, June 9, 1933, CZA L-9/441.

28. "Report from Germany," in protocol, ZO Exec. Session, June 1, 1983, CZA L-13/138-I (trans. DD); telegram, ZO, London, to Jewish Agency, Jerusalem, June 9, 1933, CZA L-9/441.

29.-31. "Minutes of a Conversation with the Colonial Secretary," S. Brodetsky, June 1, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. YC).

32. Telegram, Arlosoroff/Cohen to Hanotaiah, June 4, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4887, L319147 (trans. GZ).

33. Letter, A. M. Hyamson, Government of Palestine Dep. of Immigration, to the Jewish Agency Executive, May 19, 1933, WA.

34. See Letters, President of the State Finance Office/Office of Foreign Currency Control, to prospective emigrants to Palestine, June 2, 7, and 12, 1933, CZA S7/92.

35. Letter, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. DD/GZ).

36. See Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, the Last Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 164-66.

37. See Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, (972), 281, 318, 326-27, 332-33; Esco Foundation, Palestine: A Study of Jewish. Arab and British Policies , (New Haven: Yale, 1947), I: 349-51, 359-63: see editorial, M. Smilansky, "The Happy Isle, "Boustani, Feb. 8, 1933, in confidential minutes, Executive Committee of the American Economic Committee for Palestine, Mar. 20, 1933, BPM at AJA.

38. Laqueur, 351-53; see Schechtman, 231-37; Esco, II: 749, 1135, no. 64.

39. Schechtman, 158.

40. Laqueur, 318, 359-62; see "The Facts About Revisionism, "JC, July 14, 1933, 28; Davar and Doar Hayom, Apr. 18, 1933, in "Confidential Review of the Press," Alexander Sloan, American Consul in Jerusalem, June 19, 1933, NA 867N. 9111/100.

41. See Esco, II: 749; Schechtman, 235, 248; see "Make Palestine a Land of Fulfillment," JDB, Aug. 22, 1933, 4; see "Unfinished Business Prolongs Session of Zionist Congress," JDB, Aug. 31, 1933, 4.

42. Laqueur, 318-19; Esco, I: 362-63; see Schechtman, 237.

43. Imperial and Foreign News: "Latvia," JC, May 5, 1933, 34; see Schechtman, 248.

44. Schechtman, 214.

45. Haaretz, May 12, 1933, in Esh, 58, 74; letter, Wolff to RFM, May 16, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4887, L319035 (trans. GZ).

46. Letter, Wolff to RFM, "Jewish Boycott and How to Fight It," May 17, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4887, L015493 (trans. GZ).

47. Editorial, Kol Israel, no. 31 (549), May 18, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4028, L015546 (trans. GZ); Werner E. Braatz, "German Commercial Interests in Palestine: Zionism and the Boycott of German Goods, 1933-1934," European Studies Review (SAGE, London and Beverly Hills), IX (1979): 497.

48. See Susan Lee Hattis, The Bi-National Idea in Palestine During Mandatory Times (Haifa: Shikmona, 1970) 64, 86-98; Christopher Sykes, Crossroads to Israel (Cleveland: World, 1965), 122-24, 126; see Falastin and Al Jamia Al Arabia, Apr. 22, 1933, in "Confidential Review of the Press," Sloan, American Consul in Jerusalem, June 19, 1933, NA 867N. 9111/100.

49. Hattis, 90-91, 117; see "Mizrachi Asks Removal of Dr. Arlosoroff Over Transjordan Negotiations, " JDB, Apr. 27, 1933.

50. Letter, Brodetsky to A.C.C. Parkinson, Feb. 14, 1933, PRO-FO 371/E963/257/31-1933, in Hattis, 122.

51. Falastin and Al Jamia Al Arabia, Apr. 22, 1933, in "Confidential Review of the Press," Sloan, American Consul in Jerusalem, June 19, 1933, NA 867N. 91111/100.

52. "Mizrachi Asks Removal of Dr. Arlosoroff Over Transjordan Negotiations," JDB, Apr. 27, 1933; Palestine Post, Apr. 29, 1933, in "Confidential Review of the Press," Sloan, American Consul in Jerusalem, June 19, 1933, NA 867N. 9111/100.

53. Minutes, Actions Committee of ZO, first session, Aug. 17, 1933, CZA Z4/287/1 (trans. GB); also see Edwin Viscount Samuel, A Lifetime in Jerusalem (London: Abelard Schuman, 1970), 137-38.

54. Haaretz, Apr. 27, 1933, in "Confidential Review of the Press," Sloan, American Consulate in Jerusalem, June 19, 1933, NA 867N. 9111/100; see letter, Neumann to Szold, Apr. 27, 1933, BPM at AJA, 2-3.

55. Confidential report, "Proposed Settlement of Arab Villagers on Household Plots Provided by Jewish Auspices," Alexander Sloan, American Consul, Jerusalem, May 1, 1933, NA 867N.oo/174.

56. "Transjordan Leaders Invite Jewish Agency to Buy Land Here," JDB, May 26, 1933: see Haaretz, May 24, 1933 (trans. GB).

57. "Transjordan Leaders Invite Jewish Agency to Buy Land Here," JDB, May 26, 1933: see "Pro- Zionism in Trans-Jordan," Palestine Post, May 26, 1933.

58.-62. "Strictly Secret-Confidential Minute of a Conversation between Mr. W. J. Johnson and Mr. Emanuel Neumann on May 24, 1933," in letter, Neumann to Szold, May 25, 1933, BPM at AJA.

63. Pamphlet, Defense Committee of the Revisionists Arrested in Palestine, I Can't Keep Quiet! (New York, 1933), II; see Schechtman, 158.

64. Laqueur, 369.-63; see Schechtman, 216: see "Sicarii," Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), XIV: 1491-92.

65. Chaim Arlosoroff, Writings in Six Volumes, 1:5; see Hattis, 84-85.

66. Chaim Arlosoroff, Jerusalem Diary (MAPAI Publications, 1948), 334, 341, in Hattis, 101-2.

67. See Haaretz, May 24, 1933 (trans GZ): "Two Forces in Transjordan are Continually Fighting Between Themselves," Doar Hayom, May 25, 1933; "Pro-Zionism in Transjordon," Palestine Post, May 26, 1933 "A Plan for Helping German Jewry," Palestine Post, June 12, 1933; see "The Stalin-Ben-Gurion-Hitler Alliance," Hazit Haam, June 16, 1933 (trans. GB); Die Welt (Poland), June 9, 1933, in Teveth, chap. 5 (trans. GB); Hazit Haam, June 9, 1933, in Teveth, chap. 5 (trans. GB).

68. Sima Arlosoroff, in Chaim Arlosoroff: A Selection of His Writings and Biographical Chapters: Teveth, chap. 6 (trans. GB).

69.-70. Teveth, chap 4.

71. Ibid.: interview, Shaul Arlosoroff with the author, Jan. 1982.

72. Teveth, chap. 4.

73. Ibid.; "Rewards Are Posted for Capture of the Slayers of Dr. Arlosoroff," JDB, June 19, 1933.

74. "The Stalin-Ben-Gurion-Hitler Alliance," Hazit Haam, June 16, 1933 (trans. GB); see "100,000 At Funeral of Dr. Arlosoroff," Palestine Post, June 16, 1933: Teveth, chap. 5.

75. Samuel, 137-38; Teveth, chap. 5.

76. Teveth, chap. 8: "Attention Focused on Jaffa As Evidence Mounts Against Arlosoroff-Suspects," JDB, Aug. 11, 1933, 2.

77. Teveth, chap. 8; "Attention Focused on Jaffa," JDB, Aug. 11, 1933: Sima Arlosoroff, in Chaim Arlosoroff: A Selection of His Writings and Biographical Chapters (trans. GG).

78. Teveth, chap. 8.

79. Ibid.: "Rewards Are Posted," JDB, June 19, 1933.

80. Teveth, chap. 8: "Attention Focused on Jaffa," JDB, Aug. 11, 1933, 92.

81. Teveth, chap. 8; "Attention Focused on Jaffa," JDB, Aug. 11, 1933, 2; "100,000 At Funeral of Dr. Arlosoroff, Palestine Post, June 16, 1933.

82-83. Teveth, chap. 8.

84. Ibid.: interview with Shaul Arlosoroff on Israeli television, Jan., 1981.

CHAPTER 16

1. "Rewards Are Posted for the Capture of the Slayers of Dr. Arlosoroff," and "British House of Commons to Make Issue of Murder of Dr. Chaim Arlosoroff," JDB, June 19, 1933; "100,000 at Funeral of Dr. Arlosorof," New Palestine, June 16, 1933; "Warsaw in Mourning," and "Funeral at Tel Aviv," JDB, June 20, 1933.

2. "Revisionist Held in Arlosoroff Murder," JDB, June 21, 1933 see "The Stalin-Ben-Gurion-Hitler Alliance," Hazit Haam, June 16, 1933 (trans. GB).

3. "Revisionist Held in Arlosoroff Murder," JDB, June 21, 1933: "Two Revisionists Charged With Stavsky in Murder Conspiracy," JDB, Aug. 4, 1933: "Resume Arlosoroff Murder Trial," JDB, Aug. 25, 1933; Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jahotinsky Story, the Later Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 184-85.

4. See "Jaffa Police to Ask to hold Stavsky at Arraignment," JDB, July 6, 1933 see Letters to Editor, Yosef Ahimeir and Dr. Dov Joseph, "The Arlosoroff Affair," Jerusalem Post, June 17, 1979.

5. See "Arlosoroff Assassin Escaped to Lebanon, Arab Paper Reports," JDB, June 28, 1933; see "Sephardic Jew's Arrest Leads to Rumor He Has Clue to Murder of Arlosoroff," JDB, July 5, 1933:

Sephardic Jew’s Arrest Leads to Rumor He Has Clue to Murder of Arlosoroff
July 5, 1933
Jerusalem (Jul. 3)

The arrest here yesterday of a humble Sephardic Jew on unknown charges caused a rumor in the press here that he was connected with the search for the murderer of Dr. Chaim Arlosoroff. One paper said it has information that the Sephardi resembled the description of the assassin given by Mrs. Arlosoroff.

Police here, however, informed the Jewish Telegraphic Agency that the rumor was without foundation. In any case, they hinted, it would be difficult to imagine what connection an obscure Sephardic Jew who has no political connections would have with Dr. Arlosoroff’s slaying.

Authorities are still continuing their quest for the man or men who were responsible for the tragic death of the young Zionist leader.

"Net for Dr. Arlosoroff Slayer is Spread Wide," JDB, July 10, 1933: report, American Consulate General, Jerusalem, to the Secretary of State, "The Legacy of Dr. Arlosoroff," June 29, 1934, NA 867N. 00/197; report, American Consulate General, Jerusalem, to the Secretary of State, "Aquittal of Stavsky in Conclusion of Arlosoroff Murder Trial," Aug. 7, 1934, NA 867N. 00/203: see Schechtman, 197-205.

6. See "Was Arlosoroff Murdered by the British?" Canadian Daily Hebrew Journal, June 27, 1958; see Schechtman, note on 202-3;see Letters to the Editor, Yosef Ahimeir and Dr. Dov Joseph, "The Arlosoroff Affair," Jerusalem Post, June 17, 1979: see Hesi Carmel and Jaques Derogy, The Untold History of Israel (New York: Grove, 1979), 44-49; "Official Probe Into Arlosoroff Affair," Jerusalem Post, Mar. 15, 1982; see "People Who Remember," and Menachem Begin, "Anatomy of Incitement," Jerusalem Post, Mar. 19, 1982.

7. Schechtman, 185.

8. Ibid.; Our Voice, July 1934, and Die Welt, Nov. 16, 1933, in Schechtman, 186.

9. Kaunas, Lithuania Yiddische Stimme, no 1418, in Schechtman, 189.

10. See "Zionists and Laborites Mourn Dr. Arlosoroff Memorial Meeting," and "Tension in Poland," JDB, June 23, 1933: Schechtman, 189-90.

11. Schechtman, 190; Eitan Haber, Menachem Begin: The Legend and the Man (New York: Dell, 1978), 71.

12. Haber, 71-72.

13. Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ 1973), 75 (author's trans. 32); "To Aid German Immigrants," Doar Hayom, July 19, 1933 (trans. GB); minutes, meeting of Conference of Representatives of Institutions, July 2, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. YC).

14. Minutes, meeting of Conference of Representatives of Institutions, July 2, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. YC).

15. Letter, Wolff to RFM, June 15, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368939 et seq. (trans. GZ).

16. Ibid.; see report, American Consulate General, Jerusalem, to the Secretary of State, "Suspension of the Newspaper 'Doar Hayom,'" Jan. 29, 1931, and enclosed "Memorandum on the Suspension of the Doar Hayom," NA 867N. 918 DOAR HAYOM/II.

17. Letter, Wolff to RFM, June 15, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368939 et seq. (trans. GZ).

18. See letter, Moses A. Leavitt to Justice Brandeis, May 24, 1933, BPM at AJA; Industrie & Handel, June 19, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4956, L370302/3 (trans. GZ); see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1932 (London: HMSO, 1933), 165, 167.

19.-27. Letter, Wolff to RFM, June 15, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368939 et seq. (trans. GZ).

28. Ibid.; Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., Dept. history, McGill, 1977), 87-88, see n. 2 on 88; Ernst Marcus, "The German Foreign Office and the Palestine Question in the Period 1933-1939," Yad Washem Studies on the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, II (Jerusalem: Yad Washem, 1958): 181, 183-84; see JDB, July 5, 1933, 4.

29. Telegram, ZO London, to Jewish Agency, Jerusalem, June 9, 1933, CZA L-9/441.

30. Letter, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. GZ/DD).

31. Letter and enclosed memorandum, Landauer to the Ministry of Economics, June 20, 1933, CZA K-II/180-2 (trans. DD).

32. See letter, Wolff to RFM, June 15, 1933, marked "received June 20," NA T-120 roll 4954, L368939 (trans. GZ).

33.-34. Sam Cohen, "Note Concerning the Transfer Agreement," Oct. 9, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD).

35. Sam Cohen, "Note Concerning the Transfer Agreement," Oct. 9, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD).

36. Ibid.; letter, Landauer to L. Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. GZ/DD); see telegram, Ulrich to Wolff, July 24, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369000/01 (trans. GZ).

37.-39. Letter, Landauer to Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. GZ/DD).

40. Letter, Wolff to RFM, June 24, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368959 et seq. (trans. GZ); letter, Ussischkin to Sam Cohen, June 25, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4028, L015518/19 (trans. GZ).

41. Letter, Ussischkin to Sam Cohen, June 25, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4028, L015518/19 (trans. GZ).

42. Letter, Ussischkin to Jewish National Fund, Berlin, June 25, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4028, L015520 (also in CZA K-11/180-1; trans. GZ/DD).

43.-47. Letter, "Urgent," Wolff to RFM, June 24, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368959 et seq. (trans. GZ).

CHAPTER 17

1. Marvin Lowenthal, The Jews of Germany: A Story of Sixteen Centuries (New York: Longmans, Green, 1936), 224-26, 234, 242-48; Jehuda Reinharz, Fatherland or Promised Land: The Dilemma of the German Jew, 1893-1914 (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan, 1975), 8.

2. Donald L. Niewyk, The Jews in Weimar Germany (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ., 1980), 98-103.

3.-4. Reinharz, 172-176.

5. Reinharz, 102-5, 210-17; see Jacob Boas, "The Jews of Germany: Self-Perceptions in the Nazi Era as Reflected in the German Jewish Press, 1933-1938" (unpub. Ph.D. diss. history, Univ. of California, Riverside, 1977), 142.

6. Lowenthal, 285; Isaiah Friedman, Germany. Turkey and Zionism, 1897-1918 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1977); 340, 343-44; Niewyk, 152-57; see Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, McGill, 1977), 62-63.

7. Reinhsrz, 141-42; Niewyk, 149, 156; "Zionism," Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1971), XVI: 1116.

8. Friedman, 347-53, see 212-27.

9. See Martin Luther, "That Jesus Christ Was Born A Jew," trans. Walther I. Brandt, Luther's Works, vol. 45, "The Christian in Society," II, ed. Walther I. Brandt (Philadelphia: Muhlenberg, 1962): 199; see Louis Israel Newman, Jewish Influence on Christian Reform Movements (New York: Columbia, 1925), 619-21, 625-27.

10. Martin Luther, "On the Jews and Their Lies," trans. Martin H. Gertram, Luther's Works, vol. 47, "The Christian in Society," ed. Franklin Sherman (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971): 157, 172, 264.

11. Ibid. 266.

12. Ibid., 276.

13. Ibid., 265, 288.

14. Ibid., 268-269, 288.

15. Ibid., 269-270, 272.

16. Ibid., 272.

17. Ibid., 292.

18. Roland H. Bainton, Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther (New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury 1940), 324-25, 373.

19. Uriel Tai, Christians and Jews in Germany: Religion, Politics, and Ideology in the Second Reich. 1870-1914, trans. Noah Jonathan Jacobs (Ithaca: Cornell, 1975), 248-52, 258; Richard Gutteridge, Open Thy Mouth for the Dumb! The German Evangelical Church and the Jews, 1879-1950 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1976), 4-6; see Luther, "On the Jews," Luther's Works, vol. 47: 265, 275.

20.Gutteridge, 17-18.

21. William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Fawcett Crest, 1960), 155-59; Gutteridge, 341-42.

22. Gutteridge, 26-27.

23. Ibid., 37-41.

24. Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews (New York: Harper Colophon, 1979), 8-10; Shirer, 326-27; see interview with Eberhard Bethge by Beryl Satter, Dec. 14, 1981; interview with Ruth Zerner by Beryl Satter, Dec. 14, 1981.

25. "Hitler, 'Man With a Holy Mission,' Explains Jewish Stand to Ridder," JDB, May 24, 1933.

26. Luther, "On the Jews," Luther's Works, vol. 47: 264-, 265.

27. Gutteridge, 17.

28. Testimony by Streicher, Trial of the Major War Criminals, XII: 335.

29. Ibid., 318.

30. Nicosia, 67-68.

31. Ibid., 58; Joseph Schechtman, Rebel and Statesman: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, the Early Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956), 399.

32. Nicosia, 70.

33. Alfred Rosenberg, Die Spier, 153, in Nicosia, 65.

34. See letter, Dr. Franz Kahn to "Fellow Believers," Mar. 5, 1933, CZA S-25/9703; see letter, "M. Achi-Felix" (Martin Rosenbluth) to Arlosoroff, Apr. 6, 1933, CZA S-25/794; see Boas, 93-94.

35. Boas, 93; JR, May 12, 1933 (trans. GZ).

36. Alfred Rosenberg, Der Staatsfeindliche Zionismus (Hamburg: Deutschvillkfache Verlagsanstalt, 1922), 63, in Nicosia, 65 (trans. GZ).

37. See letter, Dr. Franz Kahn to "Fellow Believers," Mar. 5, 1933, CZA S/25, 9703; Martin Rosenbluth, Go Forth and Serve: Early Years and Public Life (New York: Herzl, 1961), 247-50.

38. JR, Apr. 7, 1933, in Boas, 111.

39. Speech, Kurt Tuchler, "Experiences and Observations During the First Four Years of the Hitler Regime," no date, YVA, 01/24 (trans. GZ); see series, "Ein Nazi Faehrt Nach Palestina," Der Angriff, Sept. 26-Oct. 9, 1934.

40. Jacob Boas, "A Nazi Travels to Palestine," History Today (Jan. 1980), 38; Hannah Arendt, Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (New York: Viking, 1964), 40; Nora Levin, The Holocaust: The Destruction of European Jewry, 1933-1945 (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1968), 105, 290-91, 295-96.

41. Boas, "Jews of Germany," 11, 21-23; "Report from Germany," in protocol, ZO Exec. Session, June 1, 1933, CZA L-13/138-I (trans. DD).

42. Boas, "Jews of Germany," 25, 37, n. 67.

43. Boas, "Jews Of Germany," 21-26.

44. Marcus, 230, 276, 293; Boas, "Jews of Germany," 89: Nicosia, 118.

45. Policy statement by ZVfD, June 21, 1933, in Klaus J. Herrmann, Das Dritte Reich und die Drotschjeudischen Organisationen 1933-1934 (Munich: 1969), 16 (trans. GZ); same document, in Boas, "Jews of Germany," 112-13.

46. Policy statement by ZVfD, June 21, 1933, in Herrmann, 16 (trans. GZ).

47.-53. "Wear It With Pride, the Yellow Spot!" JR, Apr. 4, 1933 (trans. GZ).

54. See Lowenthal, 371-72, see 414; see Bolkosky, 15, 17, 172-73; Niewyk, 164; Ludwig Pinner, "Vermoegenstransfer nach Palestina 1933-1939," In Zwei Welten; Siegfried Moses Zum Funfundsiebzigsten Geburtstag (Tel Aviv: Verlag Bitaon, 1962), 133-38 (trans. EF); see interview with Dr. Dolf Michaelis by the author, Sep. 1, 198o, author's transcript 3.

CHAPTER 18

1. "'Horribly Mutilated': The Terror That Still Goes on," JC, May 19, 1933, 15; "Report Another Example of Nazi Torture Methods," JDB, May 11, 1933.

2. "Refugees Reach Warsaw," JC, June 9, 1933, 16.

3. "The Terror Receives New Impetus," JC, June 30, 1933, 18.

4. "Murdered Jews Ordered Buried in Non-Jewish Cemeteries in Future," JDB, May 5, 1933; "Report Another Example of Nazi Torture Methods," JDB, May 11, 1933; "More Suicides," JC, May 19, 1933, 14.

5. "Refugees Reach Warsaw," JC, June 9, 1933, 16; see "Frommer Returns Home from Investigation of Reports of Persecution," NYT, Aug. 13, 1933.

6. See JC, June 23, 1933, 22; "The Terror Receives New Impetus," JC, June 30, 1933, 18; see letter/diary, James McDonald to the Foreign Policy Association, Apr. 3, 1933, BPM at AJA; letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 8, 1933, FRUS, 1933 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949) II: 354-56; see "Persecution Stories True, Southern Minister Says," JDB, Aug. 15, 1933.

7. "Hitler Compares His Curbs to Ours," NYT, June 23, 1933.

8. "To Kill All German Jews if War Occurs, Nazi Warns," and "Danzig Nazis Promise Final Punishment of Jews," JDB, June 2, 1933.

9. "Should Sterilize Jews, Nazi Doctor Advises," JDB, June 2, 1933.

10. '"Not Quite Siegfried," NYT, June 20, 1933.

11. "Australia Raises a Fund," "Polish Jewry Unites," and "Manchester's Gigantic Protest," JC, May 5, 1933; "The Wearside Protests," "No Uncertain Voice," "A Civic Demonstration," "Leeds Youth Protest Meeting," "An Appeal by Dr. Barnes," and "Great Demonstration in Queen's Hall," JC, May 19, 1933; "German Jews in France," JC, June 9, 1933, 18.

12. JC, May 5, 1933.

13. "London May Bar German Film; Jews are Reported Boycotting all Reich Liners," JDB, May 22, 1933.

14. "The Argentine Boycott" and "The Boycott in France Goes on," JC, May 19, 1933, 16, 18.

15. "Anti-Nazi Stamps Shown," NYT, May 24, 1933; Werner E. Braatz, "German Commercial Interests in Palestine: Zionism and the Boycott of German Goods, 1933-1934," European Studies Review (SAGE, London and Beverly Hills), IX (1979): 494; "Boycott Stamps Issued," NYT, May 22, 1933.

16. "Intensifying the Boycott" and "Textile Trade's Meeting," JC, May 26, 1933, 30.

17. Report, "Movement in the Netherlands to Boycott German Goods," Roberts to Simon, May 18, 1933, PRO-FO 371/17405-1556.

18. Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, McGill, 1977), 76-77.

19. "The Anti-German Boycott Works," JC, May 19, 1933, 14.

20. Letter, Chamber of Commerce, Velbert, June 6, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L370296 (trans. GZ): "Egypt's Organized Protest," JC, June 2, 1933, 12.

21. "Silent Boycott Goes On," JC, June 23, 1933, 22.

22. "Foreign Trade Up for Reich in May," NYT, June 17, 1933.

23."Diamond-Cutting Trade in Antwerp Booms Because Jews Won't Send Gems to Reich," NYT, June 2, 1933; see "Diamond Merchants' Vigorous Boycott," JC, July 28, 1933, 14, 26.

24.-26. Letter, "Directorate of the Reichsbank to the Reich Chancellor," June 6, 1933, DGFP, 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957), ser. C, I: 528-530.

27. "Memorandum by the Foreign Minister," June 7, 1933, DGFP, 531-32.

28.-29. Letter, "John Foster Dulles to Hjalmar Schacht," June 3, 1933, and enclosed aid-memoire, DGFP, 538-542.

30. "Berlin Counters Boycott in Latvia," NYT, June 11, 1933.

31. "German Embassy to Sue Anti-Nazi Students," JDB, May 24, 1933: "Rip Swastika Off German Ship," and "Latvian Jews Proclaim Boycott," JDB, June 6, 1933; "Berlin Counters Boycott in Latvia," NYT, June 11, 1933: "Reich and Latvia Agree," NYT, June 17, 1933: "Latvia Combats Jewish Boycott of German Goods," JDB, June 19, 1933 see "World Jewish Economic Conference," JC, June 30, 1933, 38.

32. "Intensifying the Boycott," JC, May 26, 1933, 21, 30; see "The 'Silent Boycott' Goes On," JC, June 23, 1933, 22; see "Nazis Evolve New Sign," NYT, June 25, 1933.

33. "Intensifying the Boycott," JC, May 26, 1933, 21, 30: "Big Boycott to Start July 1st," JC, June 9, 1933, 19; "Captain Webber at the Cenotaph," JC, June 16, 1933, 32; "Captain Webber's Boycott Certificate," JC, July 14, 1933, 32, see 19: "Anglo-Jewry Closes It's Ranks," JC, July28, 1933, 26; "Anti-Nazi Ban Enforced," NYT, July 23, 1933.

CHAPTER 19

1. "Nazis to Tolerate Fund to Aid Jews," NYT, May 21, 1933: "Nazis Block Payment of Jewish Relief Funds in Virtual Confiscation," JDB, July 13, 1933: "Bulletin," JDB, July 18, 1933.

2. "Importers to Use 'Blocked' Mark Balances," NYT, May 20, 1933.

3. "Nazi Government Aids Crippled Film Industry," JDB, June 7, 1933.

4. "London May Bar German Film," JDB, May 22, 1933; see "Tel Aviv Boycotts German Film," JDB, June 5, 1933; see "London Theatre Withdraws Expensive German Film: Disorders Mar Premiere," JDB, July 20, 1933.

5. See "Rumania Retaliates on Reich by Tariff and Curb on Imports," NYT, March 23, 1933.

6. "Memorandum on the German Economic Situation for the Week Ending 16th May, 1933," F. Thelwell, PRO-FO 371/16695-1527, pp. 4-6.

7. See Raul Hilberg, The Destruction of the European Jews. (New York: Harper Colophon, 1979), 93.

8. "Nazis to Tolerate Fund to Aid Jews," NYT, May 21, 1933; see "Nazi Interference Imperils Business," NYT, Apr. 26, 1933.

9. Letter, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," June 14, 1933, DBFP, 1919-1939 (London: HMSO, 1956) ser. 2, V: 1933: 351-52; see American Jewish Congress Endorses Boycott, Move to Adopt German Jewish Children Here," JDB, Aug. 22, 1933.

10. Letter, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," June 30, 1933, DBFP, 384-90, see 390.

11. See "Boycott on Reich Extended Here," NYT, May 16, 1933: see "Plans Being Made for World Parley to Boycott Reich," JDB, June 5, 1933; "World Boycott Issue Up at Jewish Groups Parley," JDB, June 12, 1933.

12. "Extract from the Minutes of the Conference of Ministers," June 23, 1933, DGFP, 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957), ser. C, I: 598-99.

13. "Untermyer Celebrates 75th Birthday, Plans to Attend Boycott Parley," JDB, June 7, 1933; "World Boycott Issue Up at Jewish Groups Parley," JDB, June 12, 1933.

14. "World Jews Plan to Widen Boycott," NYT, July 19, 1933; "World Jews Push Boycott of Reich for 'Inhuman' Acts," NYT, July 21, 1933 "Untermyer Assails Wise as Preliminary Boycott Meeting is Opened in Amsterdam," JDB, July 21, 1933.

15. "Parley in London Put Off by Jews," NYT, July 15, 1933.

16.-18. Letter, Wolff to RFM, June 24, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368959 et seq. (trans. GZ).

19. Letter, Reich Economics Ministry, June 24, 1933, cited in R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939," (unpub. Ph.D. Diss., history, McGill, 1977), 96 (trans. GZ).

20. Letter, Wolff to Prufer, June 27, 1933, in Nicosia, 95 (trans. GZ); same letter, in Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ, 1973), 65 (author's trans. 25) and footnote 24 (author's trans. 78).

21. Minutes, meeting of the Conference of Representatives of Institutions, July 2 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. YC).

22.-26. Letter, Wolff to RFM, July 3, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368972/77 (trans. GZ).

27. John P. Fox, "Great Britain and the German Jews, 1933," WLB XXVI (1972 no. 1-2 n.s. 26-27): 40-45; "Wise Hails British for Scoring Nazis," NYT, July 21, 1933; see "Lead on the Boycott," JC, July 21, 1933, 28.

28. "London Jews Hold Anti-Nazi Parade," NYT, July 21, 1933; see "British Board of Deputies in Secret Session Decides Against Boycott Sponsorship," JDB, July 25, 1933; see "Move for Boycott Gaining in London," NYT, Mar. 25, 1933.

29. Bernard Wasserstein, Britain and the Jews of Europe, 1939-1945 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1979), 38; Colin Holmes, Anti-Semitism in British Society, 1876-1939 (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1979), 200; Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 184, 193-94, 400; see "Jews in Hiding," JC, July 14, 1933, 11; see "London Jews Hold Anti-Nazi Parade," NYT, July 21, 1933; see "Lead on the Boycott," JC, July 21, 1933, 28; also see letter, Wise to the American Jewish Congress Administrative Committee, July 28, 1933, attached to minutes, AJCAdCom, June 29, 1933, AJHS, 3; see "Our Leaders; A Mockery of Democracy, "JC, July 28, 1933, 16.

30. Letter to the Editor, Manchester Guardian, July 1, 1933; "English Jewry Against Boycott," Frankfurter Zeitung, July 5, 1933; see minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, June 30, 1933, BDBJ-A; see "Frankfurter Zeitung on the Boycott in England," JEF, July 7, 1933.

31. See JEF, June 30, 1933; "World Boycott Issue Up at Jewish Groups Parley," JDB, June 12, 1933; "The Conference," JEF, July 7, 1933.

32. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 21, 1933, BDBJ-A; Wasserstein, 38; "Jewry in Great Britain Moves for United Action," JDB, July 17, 1933.

33. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 12 1933, BDBJ-A; "Sudden Crisis At the Deputies," JC, July 14, 1933, 7; "Jewish Unity, "JEF, July 14, 1933; "Jewry in Great Britain Moves for United Action," JDB, July 17, 1933.

34. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 12 1933, BDBJ-A; "Sudden Crisis at the Deputies," JC, July 14, 1933, 7; see "Jewry in Great Britain Moves for United Action," JDB, July 17, 1933.

35. "World Jewry to Deliberate," JC, July 21, 1933, 7; "British Board of Deputies Accepts Proposal to Enlarge Joint Foreign Committee," JDB, July 21, 1933.

36. "Sudden Crisis at the Deputies," JC, July 14, 1933, 7; "World Jewry to Deliberate" and "Federation of Synogogues," JC, July 21, 1933, 7, 26; see "Jewry in Great Britain Moves for United Action," JDB, July 17, 1933; see "London Confirms Report," JDB, July 13, 1933.

37. "London Confirms Report," JDB, July 13, 1933.

CHAPTER 20

1. See Paul Seabury, The Wilhelmstrasse: A Study of German Diplomats under the Nazi Regime (Berkeley: Univ. of California, 1954).

2. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB); see Sam Cohen, "Note About the Transfer Agreement," Oct. 9, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. EF).

3. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. GB).

4. Note, Dr. Reichhardt for the Minister of Economics, to Sam Cohen, July 18, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD); see letter, Wolff to RFM, June 24, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368959 et seq. (trans. GZ); see letters, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19 and July 21, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB).

5. Note, Dr. Reichhardt for the Minister of Economics, to Sam Cohen, July 18, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD).

6. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S'-25/9706; see minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 5th meeting, Aug. 29, 1933, CZA Z4/232/4 (trans. GB).

7. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB); note, Dr. Reichhardt for the Minister of Economics to Sam Cohen, July 18, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD).

8. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. GB); Memorandum, Landauer to the REM, "Transfer of the Capital of Jewish Immigrants from Germany to Palestine Through Export of Goods," July 19, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369080 (trans. GZ); see letter and enclosed memorandum, Landauer to the REM, June 20, 1933, CZA K-11/180-2 (trans. DD).

9. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S'-25/9706 (trans. GB); memorandum, Landauer to the REM, "Transfer of the Capital of Jewish Emigrants," July 19, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369080.

10. Letter, Landauer to Hartenstein, July 14, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369009 (trans. GZ); letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. GB); memorandum, Landauer to the REM, "Transfer of the Capital of Jewish Emigrants," July 19, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369080 (trans. GZ).

11. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. GB); memorandum, Landauer to the REM, "Transfer of the Capital of Jewish Emigrants," July 19, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369080.

12. See letters, Landauer to Jacobsohn, June 9, 1933, and Landauer to Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S7/92 (trans. GZ); see letter, Wolff to RFM, July 27, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369010/20 (trans. GZ); letter, Margulies to Hoofien, July 27, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. DD); letter, Hermann Ellern to Schmidt-Roelke, July 27, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369051/2 (trans. GZ).

13. Letter, Landauer to Hartenstein, July 14, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369009 (trans. GZ); letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB); see memorandum, Landauer to the REM, "Transfer of the Capital of Jewish Emigrants," July 19, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369080 (trans. GZ).

14. Karl A. Schleunes, The Twisted Road to Auschwitz: Nazi Policy Toward German Jews, 1933-1939 (Urbana: Univ. of Illinois, 1970), 188; see Werner Rosenstock, "Exodus 1933-1939: A Survey of Jewish Emigration from Germany, " Middle Eastern Studies (Oct., 1969), 379, see 380 n. 6; Jacob Boas, "The Jews of Germany: Self-Perceptions in the Nazi Era as Reflected in the German Jewish Press, 1933-1938" (unpub. Ph.D. diss. history, Univ. of California, Riverside, 1977), 84-85; see "Merchants Lured Back to Germany," London JC, July 14, 1933, 30; see letter, "Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 28, 1933, FRUS, 1933 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949), II: 248-49; see "Jewish Telegraphic Agency Closed," JC, July 28, 1933, 14.

[admin]

PART 4 OF 5

CHAPTER 21

1. "About Ourselves," JEF, June 2, 1933.

2. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 14, 1933, BDBJ-A; see "Sudden Crisis at the Deputies," JC, July 14, 1933.

3. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 12 and July 14, 1933, BDBJ-A.

4. "Jewish Unity," JEF, July 14, 1933; see JEF, July 21, 1933.

5. "Jewry in Great Britain Moves for United Action," JDB, July 17, 1933.

6. See "Textile Trades Meeting," JC, May 26, 1933, 30; letter, Henry (Melchett) to Chaim Weizmann, May 29, 1933, WA; see JEF, June 2, 1933.

7. See "Lord Melchett Becomes a Jew," Manchester Guardian, July 17, 1933; "World Jews Plan to Widen Boycott," NYT, July 19, 1933; see "The Road Back," JC, July 28, 1933, 9; see "Imperial and Foreign News," JC, Aug. 11, 1933, 22.

8. See letter to the editor, Manchester Guardian, dated June 30, 1933, in minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, June 30, 1933, BDBJ-A; see minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, June 30, 1933, BDBJ-A.

9. Martin Rosenbluth, Go Forth and Serve: Early Years and Public Life (New York: Herzl, 1961), 267-68.

10. See "Federation of Polish Jews," JC, July 21, 1933, 12.

11. See minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 116, 1933, BDBJ-A; see minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 6th meeting, Aug. 30, 1933, CZA Z4/232/4, pp. 32-34 (trans. GB).

12. "World Jewish Economic Conference," JC, July 21, 1933, 30.

13. "Bulletin," JDB, July 6, 1933; Minutes, AJCAdCom, Sep. 23, 1933, AJHS, 5; press release, AJC, Sep. 25, 1933, BPM at AJA, 5-6.

14. Letter, Wise to the AJCAdCom, July 28, 1933, AJHS, 3; "Dr. Wise's Report on His Activities in Europe, Verbatim Record," in minutes, AJCAd- Com, Sep. 23, 1933, AJHS, 4-6.

15. "World Boycott Issue Up at Jewish Groups Parley," JDB, June 12, 1933.

16. Letter, Wise to the AJCAdCom, July 28, 1933, AJHS, 1-2; "Dr. Wise's Report," in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sep. 23, 1933, AJHS, 4-5; press release, AJC, Sep. 25, 1933, BPM at AJA, 5-6.

17. Letter, Wise to the AJCAdCom, July 28, 1933, AJHS, 3; "Dr. Wise's Report," in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sep. 23, 1933, 5-6, 13.

18. "Polish Boycott Group Prepares for World Parley," JDB, July 14, 1933.

19. "Anglo-Jewish, German Embassy Pact, Press Asserts; Hits Failure to Uphold It," JDB, July 13, 1933; see 'Frankfurter Zeitung' on the Boycott in England," JEF, July 7, 1933; see "English Jewry Against Boycott," Frankfurter Zeitung, July 5, 1933, p. 3.

20."London Confirms Report," JDB, July 13, 1933.

21.-22. "Economic Conference Postponement: Continental Rumours of 'Pressure,'" JC, July 21, 1933, 30.

23. "World Jewry to Deliberate," and "Federation of Synogogues," JC, July 21, 1933, 7, 26; see minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 12 and July 14, 1933, BDBJ-A; also see "Dr. Wise's Report," in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sept. 23, 1933, AJHS, 5.

24. "World Jewish Economic Conference: Mr. Untermyer's Preliminary Plans," JC, July 21, 1933, 30; "World Jews Plan to Widen Boycott," NYT, July 19, 1933.

25.-26. "World Jews Plan to Widen Boycott," NYT, July 19, 1933.

27. Ibid.; see Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, I972), 355, 359.

28. "World Jews Plan to Widen Boycott," NYT, July 19, 1933; "World Jewish Economic Conference: Mr. Untermyer's Preliminary Plan," JC, July 21, 1933, 30.

29. See "Untermyer Assails Wise as Preliminary Boycott Meeting is Opened in Amsterdam," JDB, July 21, 1933; see "World Jews Push for Boycott of Reich for 'Inhuman' Acts," NYT, July 21, 1933; see "Boycott Exceeds Untermyer's Hope," NYT, Aug. 1, 1933; see "Reception Planned Sunday for Untermyer Returning From Boycott Conference," JDB, Aug. 3, 1933 see "Untermyer Back, Greeted in Harbor," and "Text of Untermyer's Address," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933; minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 3, 1933; AJHS, 3-8: see "The Boycott in America: Public Demands a Lead," JC, July 28, 1933, 14; see "American Jewish Congress to Consider Boycott Action," JDB, Aug. 16, 1933.

30.-34. Letter, Wise to the AJCAdCom, July 28, 1933, AJHS, 1-4.

35. "World Jewish Economic Conference Meets: The Boycott 'Reaffirmed,'" JC, July 28, 1933, 27; "World Jews Push Boycott of Reich for 'Inhuman' Acts," NYT, July 21, 1933.

36. "World Jewish Economic Conference Meets," JC, July 28, 1933, 27; "World Jews to Push Boycott," NYT, July 21, 1933.

37. See "World Jews Plan to Widen Boycott," NYT, July 19, 1933; see "World Jews Push Boycott of Reich," NYT, July 21, 1933.

38.-40. "World Jews Push Boycott of Reich," NYT, July 21, 1933.

41. "World Jews Plan to Widen Boycott," NYT, July 19, 1933.

42. "World Jews Push Boycott of Reich," NYT, July 21, 1933.

43. Ibid.; "World Jewish Economic Conference Meets: The Boycott 'Reaffirmed,'" JC, July 28, 1933, 27.

44. "Ecomomic Conference Postponement: Continental Rumours of 'Pressure,'" JC, July 21, 1933, 30; see "Likewise-Contrariwise!," JC, July 28, 1933, 27; "World Jews Push Boycott of Reich," NYT, July 21, 1933.

45. "Likewise-Contrariwise!," JC, July 28, 1933, 27; "World Jews Push Boycott," NYT, July 21, 1933.

46. "Likewise-Contrariwise!," JC, July 28, 1933, 27; "World Jews Push Boycott," NYT, July 21, 1933.

47. Minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 3 and 17, 1933, AJHS; see "Dr. Wise's Report," in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sept. 23, 1933, AJHS: see "Enthusiastic Crowds Greet Untermyer Who Urges Boycott Spread in Broadcast," JDB, Aug. 8, 1933; see "Text of Untermyer's Address," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933; see "Rabbi Wise Breaks Silence on Boycott: Calls It Duty of All Self-Respecting Jews," JDB, Aug. 15, 1933: see "Rabbi Wise Backs Boycott on Nazis," NYT, Aug. 15, 1933.

CHAPTER 22

1. "London Jews Hold Anti-Nazi Parade," NYT, July 21, 1933 see "30,000 March in London," JDB , July 21, 1933; see "The March Through London" and "Our Leaders: 'A Mockery of Democracy,'" JC, July 28, 1933, 6, 16.

2."London Jews Hold Anti-Nazi Parade," NYT, July 21, 1933; "Monster Jewish Protest Demonstration," JC, July 21, 1933, 10; "The Great Protest Demonstration," JC, July 28, 1933, 20; "30,000 March in London," JDB, July 21, 1933.

3. "London Jews Hold Anti-Nazi Parade," NYT, July 21, 1933: see "30,000 March in London," JDB , July 21, 1933; see "The March Through London" and "Our Leaders; 'A Mockery of Democracy,'" JC, July 28, 1933, 6, 16.

4. "British Labor Orders Boycott of Germany; Seeks to Make Her People Repudiate Hitler," NYT, July 20, 1933

5. See Werner Senator, "Strictly Confidential Memorandum on the Transfer of Jewish Capital From Germany," July 24, 1933, CZA S-25/9706; also see "The Deputies: Boycott Discussed In Camera," JC, July 28, 1933, 15.

6. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 19, 1933, and statement, Joint Foreign Committee, July 20, 1933, BDBJ-A.

7.-9. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 19, BDBF-A.

10. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 12, 1933, and "Draft Heads of Proposals," July 13, 1933, BDBJ-A; minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 14, 1933, and "Confidential Statement of the Joint Foreign Committee," July 14, 1933, BDBJ-A; letter, Wise to the AJCAdCom, July 28, 1933, AJHS, 3.

11. Statement, Joint Foreign Committee, July 20, 1933, BDBJ-A.

12. Minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 26, 1933, BDBJ-A; JEF, July 21, 1933.

13. "The Deputies: Boycott Discussed In Camera," and "Our Leaders; 'A Mockery of Democracy,'" JC, July 28, 1933, 15, 16; see "Wasting Time at Deputies' Meeting," JC, Nov. 11, 1933, 16.

14. "The Deputies; Boycott Discussed," JC, July 28, 1933, 15; minutes, Board of Deputies of British Jews Board Meeting, July 23, 1933, BDBJ-A.

15. "The Deputies; Boycott Discussed," JC, July 28, 1933, 15; minutes, Board of Deputies of British Jews Board Meeting, July 23, 1933, BDBJ-A.

16.-18. "The Deputies; Boycott Discussed," JC, July 28, 1933, 15.

19. Ibid., 15-16; see minutes, of Board of Deputies of British Jews Board Meeting, July 23, 1933, BDBJ-A, 2-3.

20. Letter, Neville Laski to Sir Robert Vansittart, July 25, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16727-1527: see minutes, Joint Foreign Committee, July 19, 1933, BDBJ-A, 2;"The Deputies; Boycott Discussed," JC , July 28, 1933, 16.

21. Letter, Laski to Vansittart, July 25, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16727-1527;"The Deputies; Boycott Discussed," JC, July 28, 1933, 16; "The Deputies and the Official Boycott; 'Farcical Proceedings,'" JC, Aug. 4, 1933.

22. Minutes, Board of Deputies of British Jews Board Meeting, July 23, 1933, BDBJ-A; "The Deputies; Boycott Discussed," JC, July 28, 1933, 16.

23. Letter, Dr. Nahum Goldmann to Sam Cohen, July 25, 1933, Esther Aharony Private File (trans. GZ).

CHAPTER 23

1. "Oust Jewish Traders From Market Places," JDB, June ,2 1933; "Jewish Trade at a Standstill," JC, June 30, 1933, 19; "All Jews to Be Dismissed," JC, June 16, 1933, 14; see "The 'Silent Boycott' Goes On," JC, June 23, 1933, 22; "Dismiss Jews from Chemical Trust," "Other Jewish Dismissals," and "Jews Can't Advertise in Berlin Phone Book," JDB, June 22 1933; see letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 8, 1933, FRUS 1933 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949), II: 354-56.

2. "Frankfurt Disturbances," JDB, June 28, 1933; "Nazis Arrest Scores for 'Economic Sabotage," JDB, June 27, 1933.

3. "Map of Berlin Torture Centers," Sunday Referee, reproduced in JC, June 16, 1933, 18.

4. Letter, "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July 11, 1933, DBFP, 1919-1939, ser. 2 V: 1933, 409-14; letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 8, 1933, FRUS, 276-277; "Nazis Arrest Scores," and "Jews Moving Business are Traitors, Say Nazis," JDB, June 27, 1933.

5. Letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," June 24, 1933, FRUS, 236-39; letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," June 30, 1933, FRUS, 239-44; letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 10, 1933, FRUS, 244-45.

6. "War on Jews to Go On, Goebbels Assures Nazis: 'Worse Still in Store,'" JDB, June 26, 1933.

7. Letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 10, 1933, FRUS , 245-46.

8. "Checking the Nazi Revolution," London Times, July 15, 1933.

9. See letter, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," June 30, 1933, DBFP, 384-87; Arthur Schweitzer, Big Business in the Third Reich (Bloomington: Indiana Univ., 1964), 120-25; "Hitler Threatens the Nazi Radicals," NYT, July, 2, 1933; "Check to Nazi Extremism," and "Nazis and Department Stores," London Times, July, 12, 1933; "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July, 11, 1933, DGFP, 409-14; letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July10, 1933, FRUS, 245-47.

10. Letter, "Sir H. Rumbold (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," June 30, 1933, DBFP, 386-89.

11. Letter, "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July 11, 1933, DBFP, 409-14; letter, "Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 10, 1933, FRUS, 246.

12. Letter, "Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 10, 1933, FRUS, 246; letter, "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July 11, 1933, DBFP, 411.

13'-14. Letter, "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July 11, 1933, DBFP, 413.

15. Letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State, July 8, 1933, FRUS , 354-56; "Jewish Merchants Liquidate Businesses in Face of Nazi Drive," JDB, July 12, 1933; "Anti- Jewish Boycott Intensified," JC, July 14, 1933, 14-15; "New Assault on Jewish Workers," JC, July 21,1933, 14.

16. Helmet Genschel, Die Verdragung der Juden aus der Wirtschaft im Dritten Reich (Berlin: Musterschmidt- Verlag). 115 (trans. GZ); Heinrich Uhlig, Die Warenhauser im Dritten Reich (Koln- Opladen. 1956), 115 (trans. GZ); 'Coordinated' Tietz Firm Gets Nazi Gov't Subsidy," JDB, Aug. 1, 1933.

17. Letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 10, 1933. FRUS, 246-47; Adolf Hitler. speech, delivered in the Reich Chancery to the Reich Commissioners, July 6, 1933, in Norman H. Baynes, trans. and ed., The Speeches of Adolf Hitler (London: Oxford, 1942). I: 865.

18. Letter, "The Charge in Germany (Gordon) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 10. 1933, FRUS, 245-47.

19. Order, Dr. Frick to the Statthalter, State Governments, the Premier of Prussia and the Prussian Minister of the Interior, in "Check to Nazi Extremism," London Times, July 12, 1933; see letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 17, 1933, FRUS, 277-78.

20. Communique, Rudolf Hess, in "Nazis and Department Stores." London Times, July 12, 1933.

21. Schweitzer, 122-24; see James Pool and Suzanne Pool, Who Financed Hitler: The Secret Funding of Hitler's Rise to Power, 1919-1933 (New York: Dial, 1979), 354-55; see William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany (New York: Fawcett Crest, 1960), 265-66.

22. Schweitzer. 124-25; "Hitler Invokes Aid of Business Heads," NYT, July 16, 1933: "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 17, 1933, FRUS, 279.

23.-24. Schweitzer, 117-19, 124-27, 136-37.

25. Ibid., 249; Adolf Hitler. speech, July 13, 1933, in Baynes, 484-85, see 867-68.

26. See Schweitzer, 134-38.

27. Letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 28, 1933, FRUS, 248-49; see Erika Martens, The Phenomenology of the Press in a Totalitarian Regime (Cologne, 1972), 19 (trans. GZ).

28. Letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 28, 1933, FRUS, 1933, 248.

29. Ibid.; letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 17, 1933, FRUS, 279-80.

30.-31. "Hitler Invokes Aid of Business Heads," NYT, July 16, 1933.

32. Letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 17, 1933, FRUS, 277-80.

33. Letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 28, 1933, FRUS, 248-49; see letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Secretary of State," August 12, 1933, FRUS, 252-53.

34. Letter, "'The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary or State," July 28, 1933, FRUS, 248-50.

35. "No Cessation of Physical Violence," and "Cold Pogrom a Frost?," JC, July 28, 1933, 13; "Nazis Round Up 300 Jews in Nuremberg: Businessmen are Paraded Through City," NYT, July 21, 1933; "160 Nuremberg Jews Freed by Nazis After Mass Arrest," JDB, July 25, 1933.

36. See letter, "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July 11, 1933, DBFP, 413.

37. Letter, "Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Acting Secretary of State," July 28, 1933, FRUS, 250.

CHAPTER 24

1. Jessie Sampter, "Jewish Colonization Before 1917," in Jessie Sampter, ed., Modern Palestine: A Symposium (New York: Hadassah, 1933), 96; Eliezer S. Hoofien, "Currency, Banking and Insurance in Palestine," in Sampter, Modern Palestine, 252; Bernard A. Rosenblatt, "The Jewish National Fund and the Jewish Colonial Trust," in Jessie Sampter, ed., A Guide to Zionism (New York: ZOA, 1920), 68-70.

2. See "Growing With the State," Jerusalem Post International Edition, Bank Leumi supplement, Mar. 30-Apr. 5, 1980.

3. Letters, G. Landauer to Hartenstein and Schmidt-Roelke, July 14, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L360009 (trans. GZ).

4. Letter, Landauer to Hartenstein, July 14, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369009 (trans. GZ).

5. Ibid.; Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusulem: ICJ, 1973), 69, n. 40 (author's trans. 81).

6. See letter, Wolff to RFM, July 3, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368972 (trans. GZ); letter, Landauer to Pinner, July 3, 1933, CZA S7/92; Esh, 67 (author's trans. 26); Sam Cohen, "Note Concerning the Transfer Agreement," Oct. 9, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD).

7. "Protocol on the Situation of the Jews in Germany," Beilinson and Julius Berger, July 14, 1933, Histadrut protocols, ALM; protocol, meeting of the Histadrut, July 31, 1933, ALM (trans. GG).

8. Memo, Landauer to the REM "Transfer of the Capital of Jewish Emigrants From Germany to Palestine Through Export of Goods," July 19, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369080 (trans. GZ); letter, Landauer to Schmidt-Roelke, July 20, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369080 (trans. GZ).

9.-10. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 19, 1933, CZA S25/9706 (trans. GB).

11. See Werner Senator, "Strictly Confidential Memorandum on the Transfer of Jewish Capital from Germany," July 24, 1933, CZA S-25/9706.

12. Mr. Williams (Colonial Office) to Mr. Rendel, "Proposed facilities for Dr. W. Senator," July 25, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16927-1556.

13. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 21, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB); letter, Ellern to RFM, July 21, 1933, NAT-120 roll 4954, 1369041 et seq. (trans. GZ).

14. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 21, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB); note, Minister of Economics to Hanotaiah, July 18, 1933, CZA Z-4/3434 (trans. DD/EF); see "Minister of Economics to Hanotaiah, Ltd., Tel Aviv," July 18, 1933, DGFP, 1918-1945 (London: HMSO, 1957): ser. C, I: 661-611.

15. Note, Minister of Economics to Hanotaiah, July 18, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD/EF).

16. Ibid.; letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 21, 1933, CZA S-25/9706.

17.-19. Note, Minister of Economics to Hanotaiah, July 18, 1933, CZA Z4/3434 (trans. DD/EF).

20.-23. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 21, 1933, CZA S255/9706 (trans. GB).

24. Letter, Ellern to RFM, July 21, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369041 et seq. (trans. GZ).

25.-26. Letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 21, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB).

27.-31. Letter, Ellern to RFM, July 21, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369042 et seq. (trans. GZ).

32.-33. Letter, Hartenstein to Schmidt-Roelke, July 22, 1933. NA T-120 roll 4954. L368997 (trans. GZ).

34. Telegram to Wolff, signed "Ulrich," July 24, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369000/01 (trans. GZ).

CHAPTER 25

1. Letter, Heinrich Margulies to E. S Hoofien (signed Landauer), July 27, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. DD).

2. Letter, Wolff to RFM, July 27, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369010 et .eq. (trans. GZ).

3.-9. Letter, Margulies to Hoofien, July 27, 1933, CZA S-25/9706, (trans. DD).

10. Letter, Ellern to Schmidt-Roelke, July 27, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369041/2 (trans. GZ).

11.-15. Letter, Margulies to Hoofien, July 27, 1933, CZA S-25/9706.

16. Ibid., pt. 24, see pt. 1; see telegram, Margulies to Hoofien, July 27, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. YC).

17.-21. Letter, Wolff to RFM, July 27, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369010/20 (trans. GZ).

22. Telegram, Margulies to Hoofien, July 27, 1933, and letter, Margulies to Hoofien, July 28, 1933, pts. 3, 4, 5, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GZ/YC).

23. Letter, Margulies to Hoofien, July 28, 1933, CZA S-25/9706, pts. 7, 8.

24. Telegram, Margulies to Hoofien, July 27, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. YC).

25. Telegram, Hoofien to Margulies, no date, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. VC).

26. Letter, Chamber of Commerce to the Jewish Agency, July 17, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. VC).

27. Letter, Margulies to Hoofien, July 28, 1933, CZA S-25/9706, pts. 1, 2 (trans. GZ); see letter, Margulies to the Consul-General in Jerusalem (Wolff), July 28, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB).

28. Cover letter, Margulies to the German Consul General, July 28, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB).

29.-32. Letter, Margulies to the Consul General in Jerusalem, July 28, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB).

33.-36. Letter, E. S. Hoofien to Landauer, July 28, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369085/88 (trans. GZ).

37. Cover letter, Landauer to Schmidt-Roelke, July 31, 1933, and letter, Hoofien to Landauer, July 28, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369084/88 (trans. GZ).

38.-45. Letter, Hoofien to Landauer, July 28, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369085/88 (trans. GZ).

46. Cover letter, Landauer to Schmidt-Roelke, July 31, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369084.

47.-56. Letter, Sam Cohen to Dr. Eberl, Aug. 1, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369093/5 (trans. GZ).

CHAPTER 26

1. "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10, 1933, and enclosure, "The Minister of Economics to Herr S. Hoofien," DGFP, 1918-1945 ser. C, I (London: HMSO, 1957): 732-36: see handwritten notes, E. S. Hoofien, no date, CZA A-95/19; Alex Bein, ed., Arthur Ruppin: Memoirs, Diaries, Letters (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971), 264: see minutes, Political Committee of the 18th AZ, 5th meeting, Aug. 29, 1933, CZA Z4/232/4, 30 (trans. GB).

2. See letter, Sam Cohen to Dr. Eberl, Aug. 1, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954. L369093/5 (trans. GZ): see "Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10. 1933, DGFP, 733: also see photograph, Sam Cohen, author's file.

3. "Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry" and enclosure, "The Minister of Economics to Herr S. Hoofien," Aug. 10, 1933. DGFP, 732-36.

4. Ibid., 734; see letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 20, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. GB).

5. See Werner Senator, "Strictly Confidential Memorandum on the Transfer of Jewish Capital from Germany," July 24, 1933, CZA S-25/9706.

6. See letter, Sam Cohen to Dr. Eberl, Aug. 1, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369093/5: also see letter, Margulies to Hoofien, July 27, 1933, CZA S-25/9706.

7. See letter, Hoofien to Landauer, July 28, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369085/88 (trans. GZ).

8. "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10, 1933, DGFP, 734; letter, Landauer to Hoofien, July 21, 1933, CZA S-25/9706; letter, Hartenstein to Schmidt-Roelke, July 22, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368997.

9. Telegram, Wolff to the RFM, Aug. 7, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369064/5.

10. Ibid.: see "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10, 1933, DGFP, 734.

11. "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10, 1933, DGFP, 734.

12. See Ernst Marcus, "The German Foreign Office and the Palestine Question in the Period 1933- 1939," in Shaul Esh, ed., Yad Vashem Studies in the European Jewish Catastrophe and Resistance, II (Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1958): 181: see Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss. history, McGill, 1977), 110.

13.-14. Telegram, Wolff to the RFM, Aug. 7, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369064/5.

15. Ibid.: see "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10, 1933, DGFP, 733: also see Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ, 1973), 77 (author's trans. 34).

16. Esh, Studies in the Holocaust, 77; see telegram, Wolff to the RFM, Aug. 7, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369064/5; see "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10, 1933, DGFP, 735; also see letter, Hartenstein to Schmidt- Roelke, July 22, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368997.

17. "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," and enclosure, "The Minister of Economics to Herr S. Hoofien," Aug. 10, 1933, DGFP, 732-36.

18. Ibid., 735-36: see circular no. 54/33, Ministry of Economics, Aug. 28, 1933, in "Financial Arrangements Between German Government and Certain Organizations in Palestine for the Promotion of the Emigration of German Jews to Palestine," Sep. 14, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16757-15117; see Dolf Michaelis, "The Economic and Political Development of the Emigration and Transfer Question in National-Socialist Germany," in Werner Feilchenfeld, Dolf Michaelis and Ludwig Pinner, Haavara-Transfer Nach Palestina Und Einwanderung Deutscher Juden, 1933-1939 (Tubingen: Mohr Verlag, 1972), 27 (author's trans. 14); also see Dr. Werner Feilchenfeld, Five Years of Jewish Immigration from Germany and the Haavara-Transfer, 1933-1938 (Tel Aviv: "Haavara" Ltd., n.d.), 5, 16-18.

19.-20. "The Ministry of Economics to Herr S. Hoofien," Aug. 10, 1933. DGFP, 735.

21. Ibid., 736, see n. 8; see letter, Economics Ministry (Scheuerl) to the Foreign Office, Aug. 25, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L369117 (trans. GZ); see circular no. 541/3, Economics Ministry, Aug. 2-8, 1933, in "Financial Arrangements Between German Government and Certain Organizations in Palestine," Sep. 14, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16757-1527.

CHAPTER 27

1. Werner Senator, "Strictly Confidential Memorandum on the Transfer of Jewish Capital from Germany," July 24, 1933, CZA S-25/9706, 2 pt. 6.

2. Ibid., pts. 8, 9.

3. Ludwig Pinner, "The Meaning of the Immigration from Germany for Palestine," in Werner Feilchenfeld, Dolf Michaelis and Ludwig Pinner, Haavara-Transfer Nach Palestina Und Einwanderung Deutscher Juden, 1933-1939 (Tubingen: Mohr Verlag, 1972), 100-2 (author's trans. 61-62).

4. Senator, "Strictly Confidential Memorandum on the Transfer of Jewish Capital," July 24, 1933, CZA S-25/9706, 2 pts. 13, 14.

5. Ibid., pt. 16.

6. Ibid., 3, pts, 17, 18.

7. Ibid., pt. 20.

8. Ibid., 3-5, pt. 21.

9. Leo Motzkin, memorandum, July 27, 1933, CZA L9/441, 1.

10. Ibid., 7.

11.-I4. Motzkin, memorandum, July 27, 1933, CZA L9/441, 8-10.

15. Paltreu to the Economics Ministry, Mr. von Heinz, Aug. 30, 1933, CZA S/97 (trans. NS): see letter, Marcus to Marguelies, Sep. 18, 1933, CZA S-7/84 (trans. YC).

16. Shaul Esh, Studies in the Holocaust and Contemporary Jewry (Jerusalem: ICJ, 1973), 104, n. 36 (author's trans. 99).

17. Confidential minutes, meeting of the Acting Executive Committee of the American Economic Committee for Palestine, Sep. 1, 1933, BPM at AJA, 3.

18.-19. Protocol of the Histadrut, July 31, 1933, ALM (trans. GG).

20.-22. Letter, Landauer to Hartenstein, August 17, 1933, CZA S-7/84 (trans. EF).

23.-24. Dr. Chaim Weizmann, "The German- Jewish Tragedy and Palestine," Palestine Post, July 5, 1933.

25. "Australian Gov't Considers German Jewish Settlement to Check Japanese Influx," JDB, July 13, 1933: "A Refugee Colony in North Australia," London JC, July 21, 1933, 18.

26. "Crimea, Ukraine Settlement Carried Out for Year, Bureya Fails of Quota," JDB, July 18, 1933.

27. "Zionists Rejected Manchuria as Jewish Refuge in 1933," Jerusalem Post International Edition, Jan. 24-30, 1982; also see letter, Maurice William to Justice Brandeis, Oct. 23, 1933, BPM at AJA; see Marvin Tokayer and Mary Swartz, The Fugu Plan: The Untold Story of the Japanese and the Jews During World War II (New York: Paddington, 1979), 9-10, 53, 63-64, 68-69.

CHAPTER 28

1. "Limiting of Jews in Trades and Professions Divides Austrian Press," JDB, July 24, 1933 "Nazi Terror Continues in Austrian Province," JDB, Aug. 3, 1933; "Silent Boycott Against Jews Revealed in Vienna," JDB, Aug. 15, 1933.

2. "Nazi Boycott Protest Reported Winning Backing of Mexican Government," JDB, July 27, 1933; "Mexican Anti-Semitism Takes Nationalistic Tinge as it Revives in Interior," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 6.

3. "Nazis Boo Appointment of Kelsen to Prague Post," JDB, June 2, 1933.

4. "Dutch Bar Uniformed Nazis," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933.

5. "Demand Swastika Fly on World Fair Building Repulsed by Germans," JDB, July 30, 1933; "Investigate Nazi Leaflets 'Bombing' of N.J. Meeting," JDB, Aug. 10, 1933.

6. "Ban Roumanian Paper for Criticism of Cuzists," JDB, June 22 1933: "Roumanian Official Denies Anti-Semitic Numerus Clausus Plan," JDB, Aug. 16, 1933.

7. "Huge Sign Barring Jews Arouses Ire in Hamilton," JDB, July 12, 1933 "Swastika At Ball Game Provokes Toronto Riot with 8,000 Participating," JDB, Aug. 18, 1933.

8. "Budapest Curbs Nazis," NYT, Aug. 29, 1933.

9. "30,000 March in London Anti-Hitler Protest Parade; Police Balk Fascist Disorder," JDB, July 21, 1933; "Accuse Mosley of Conducting Raid on Rival Fascist Outfit," JDB, July 24, 1933 "Hitler and Nazi Regime Acclaimed in British Press, Goebbels' Attack Reprinted," JDB, Aug. I, 1933; "Lord Rothermere Swallows Hitler Whole," JC, July 14, 1933, 8.

10. "Anonymous Appeal Calls on Brazilians to Create a Fascist Fatherland," JDB, Aug. 10, 1933.

11. Telegram, Wolff to RFM, Mar. 31, 1933, in Francis R. J. Nicosia, "Germany and the Palestine Question, 1933-1939" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, McGill, 1977), 162 (trans. GZ); "Templars as Nazis," Palestine Post, June 5, 1933.

12. "Brown Shirt Disorders in Poland," JDB, Aug. 16, 1933; "Jail Polish Anti-Semites for Attacks on Jews," JDB, Aug. 22 1933.

13. "Iraq Disorders Involve Anti-Jewish Campaign, London Paper Reports," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933.

14. "Reports Huge Nazi Drive," NYT, June 11, 1933; "Nazis Active in Sweden," NYT, Aug. 22, 1933.

15. "Aryan World Congress Urged by Nazi Press," JDB, June 22, 1933.

16. "Jews Throughout Germany Dismissed Wholesale, Bank Head Flees to Switzerland," JDB, July 5, 1933.

17. Letter, Wise to the AJCAdCom, July 28, 1933, AJHS, 2; minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 3, 1933, AJHS, 3; see letter, Wise to Mack, July 19, 1933, BPM at AJA.

18. See letter, Wise to Mack, Aug. 20, 1933, in Carl Hermann Voss, ed., Stephen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1969), 192-93.

CHAPTER 29

1. "Philadelphia Record Points Out Effects of Spontaneous Boycott Against Germany," JDB, July 30, 1933; "Germany; 'Blindfolded,'" Time magazine, Aug. 7, 1933.

2. "Philadelphia Record Points Out Effects of Spontaneous Boycott," JDB, July 30, 1933.

3. "German Trade Languishing: The Price of Barbarism," London JC, Aug. 4, 1933: "German Steel Gains in Domestic Market," NYT, Aug. 14, 1933·

4. "Correspondent Hails Genius of Hitler as Wrecking Crew Boss," JDB, Sep. 5, 1933.

5. "Hitler Invokes Aid of Business Heads," NYT, July 16, 1933; "German Exports Drop," NYT, Aug. 14, 1933: "Reich Loses Again on Trade Balance," NYT, Aug. 16, 1933: "Reich Fails to Gain Under Nazi Rule," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933.

6.-7. "Nazi Rule Menace to Wine Growers," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933.

8. "Nazis Oust Jewish Metallurgists, Then Name Them as Advisors," JDB, July 12, 1933: "Nazification of Jewish Firms," JC, July 21, 1933, 14.

9.-10. "Germans Squealing at the Boycott," JC, July 21, 1933, 30.

11. "Hitler Hard Up," JC, Aug. 11, 1933.

12-13. Letter, "The Consul General at Berlin (Messersmith) to the Secretary of State," Sep. 1, 1933 FRUS 1933, (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949), II: 448-50.

14. Letter, "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Secretary of State," Sep. 14, 1933, FRUS, 450-51.

15. "German Ship Lines Protest New Ban" and "Freight Restrictions Reported," NYT, Aug. 16, 1933.

16. "Reich Fails to Gain Under Nazis' Rule," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933; "Germany's Cotton Business Improves," Wall Street Journal, Aug. 23, 1933.

17.-18. "Minute by an Official of the Economic Department," Sep. 5, 1933, DGFP, 1918-1945, ser. C, (London: HMSO), 1957 I: 777-78.

19. "Minute by an Official of the Economic Department: Supplement to Today's Memorandum on a German-Rumanian Compensation Transaction," Sep. 5, 1933, DGFP, 779.

20. Memorandum, Davidson, "Meeting of the Reich Chancellor with the Americans Mann and Behn," Aug. 2, 1933, NA T-120 roll 5689, L495447 (trans. GZ).

21. "German Trade Languishing; The Price of Barbarism," JC, Aug. 4, 1933.

22. "The Success of the Boycott; Dr. Goebbels' Admission," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 14.

23. "Reich Fails to Gain under Nazis' Rule," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933; "Germany Reports Big Cut in Jobless," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933.

24. "Reich Fails to Gain," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933; "Germany Reports Big Cut in Jobless," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933.

25. "Germany Reports Big Cut in Jobless," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933.

26. Ibid.; "Reich Fails to Gain," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933.

27. Report, "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July 11, 1933, DBFP, 1919-1939, 2nd ser., V: 1933 (London: HMSO, 1956), 413-14.

28. "Reich Fails to Gain Under Nazi Rule," NTT, Aug. 21, 1933.

29.-30. Report, "Mr. Newton (Berlin) to Sir J. Simon," July 11, 1933, DBFP, 413.

31. "Reich Fails to Gain," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933.

32."Germany Reports Big Cut in Jobless," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933.

33. "Report Schacht Escapes Death by Assassins," Chicago Daily News, Aug. 24, 1933.

CHAPTER 30

1. See letter, Samuel Untermyer to B. Dubovsky, May 11, 1939, AJA, folder 8, JBC; letter, Lipsky to Weizmann, Sep. 24, 1933, CZA L-13/150.

2. See "Coordinating World Boycott," London JC, Aug. 4, 1933; see "Zionist Leadership," JC, Aug. 11, 1933.

3. See "Untermyer Back, Greeted in Harbor," and "Text of Untermyer's Address," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933; see "World Boycott of German Goods," JC, Aug. 4, 1933: see minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 3, 1933, AJHS; see "Samuel Untermyer: A Character Sketch," Chicago Sentinal, Sep. 28, 1933.

4. "Boycott Exceeds Untermyer's Hope," NYT, Aug. 1, 1933; "World Boycott of German Goods," JC, Aug. 4, 1933.

5. "Untermyer Back, Greeted in Harbor," and "Text of Untermyer's Address," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933; see "World Boycott of German Goods," JC, Aug. 4, 1933: see "Boycott of German Products Launched at N.Y. Conference," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 12, 1933.

6. "German Exports Drop," NYT, Aug. 14, 1933.

7. "Text of Untermyer's Address," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933.

8. "Boycott Exceeds Untermyer's Hope," NYT, Aug. 1, 1933.

9.-20. Minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 3, 1933, 1-14.

21."Untermyer Back, Greeted in Harbor," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933; "Enthusiastic Crowds Greet Untermyer Who Urges Boycott Spread in Broadcast," JDB, Aug. 8, 1933.

22. "Untermyer Back," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933.

23.-24. "Enthusiastic Crowds Greet Untermyer," JDB, Aug. 8, 1933.

25.-31. "Text of Untermyer's Address," NYT, Aug. 7, 1933.

32. Minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 17, 1933, AJHS, I; see "American Jewish Congress to Consider Boycott Action," JDB, Aug. 16, 1933.

33.-34. Minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 17, 1933, AJHS, 1.

35. Cablegram, Wise to Deutsch, in minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 17, 1933, AJHS. 1-2.

36. "Rabbi Wise Breaks Silence on Boycott; Calls it Duty of All Self-Respecting Jews," JDB, Aug. 15, 1933; "Rabbi Wise Backs Boycott on Nazis," NYT, Aug. 15, 1933.

37. "Rabbi Wise Breaks Silence, "JDB, Aug. 15, 1933; "Rabbi Wise Backs Boycott," NYT, Aug. 15, 1933.

38.-40. See minutes, AJCAdCom, Aug. 17, 1933, AJHS, 2-3.

41. Moshe Gottlieb, "The Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement in the American Jewish Community, 1933-1941" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., Near Eastern and Judaic studies, Brandeis, 1967), 103.

42. Press release, AJC, Aug. 21, 1933, BPM at AJA; see "Jews Here to Push Boycott on Hitler," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933.

43. "American Jewish Congress Endorses Boycott, Move to Adopt German Jewish Children Here," JDB, Aug. 22 1933; "Resolution on Boycott Presented by Dr. Joseph Tenenbaum," Aug. 20, 1933, Tenenbaum Collection, folder 19, YIVO; press release, AJC, Aug. 21, 1933, BPM at AJA; see letters, Wise to Mack, Apr. 15 and July 14, 1933, in Carl Hennann Voss, ed, Stephen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1969), 184-85, 191-92; see Morris Frommer, "The American Jewish Congress: A History, 1914-1950" (unpub. Ph.D. diss., history, Ohio State, 1978), 324-26; see Gottlieb, 99.

44.-50. Press release, AJC, Aug. 21, 1933, BPM at AJA, 2-9.

51.-53. "Samuel Untermyer Salutes American Jewish Congress Upon (Its) Joining the Boycott Movement," Der Morgan Journal, Aug. 21, 1933 (trans. N. Stampfer and B. Nadel).

54.-56. "Exerpts from Address by Rabbi Jacob Sonderling at the National Executive Committee," Aug. 20, 1933, BPM at AJA.

57. "Samuel Untermyer Salutes," Der Morgan Journal, Aug. 21, 1933 (trans. B. Nadel); "American Jewish Congress Endorses Boycott," JDB, Aug. 22, 1933; press release, AJC, Aug. 21, 1933, BPM at AJA, 13.

58. "Samuel Untermyer Salutes," Der Morgan Journal, Aug. 21, 1933 (trans. B. Nadel); "American Jewish Congress Endorses Boycott," JDB, Aug. 22 1933; "Jews Here Push Boycott of Reich," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933; press release, AJC, Aug. 21, 1933, BPM at AJA, 13.

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PART 5 OF 5

CHAPTER 31

1. See "Zionist Convention Ratifies Hadassah Share in Naming Prague Delegates," JDB, July 7, 1933; also see letters, Wise to Mack, July 13 and 21, 1933, BPM at AJA.

2. Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinssky Story, the Last years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 215; also see "Make Palestine a Land of Fulfillment, Sokolow Urges," JDB, Aug. 22 1933, 4.

3. See "Revisionist Split Complete," JC, Aug. 11, 1933; see "Laborites Demand Voice in Actions Committee in Proportion to Strength," JDB, Aug. 16, 1933; see "Make Palestine Land of Fulfillment," JDB, Aug. 22 1933, 2.

4. See Stenographisches Protokoll der Verhandlungen Des XVIII Zionistenkongresses Und Der Dritten Tagung Des Council Der Jewish Agency Fur Palastina (Wien: Fiba-Verlag, 1934) 23 (trans. GZ); also see Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 318; Schechtman, 191.

5. Schechtman, 191-92; see "General Zionists Protest Actions Committee Delay on Laborite Demands," JDB, Aug. 17, 1933; "Zionist Congress Awaits Weizmann," NYT, Aug. 29, 1933; "Laborites Renew Drive on Revisionists," JDB, Aug. 29, 1933, 4.

6. See Selbstwehr, Aug. 18, 1933, no. 33, p. 3 (trans. HG); see letter, Wise to Mack, Aug. 18, 1933, in Carl Hermann Voss, ed., Stephen S. Wise: Servant of the People (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1969), 192; see "Weizmann Neither Denies Nor Confirms Reports He'll Attend Zionist Congress," JDB, Aug. 25, 1933; Schechtman, 194.

7. "New Yorkers Cable Prague to Recall Dr. Weizmann," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933.

8. Letter, Wolff to RFM, July 3, 1933, NA T-120 roll 4954, L368972/77 (trans. GZ).

9. Letter, Landauer, Leibenstein, Sereni and Skolnik, Aug. 4, 1933, CZA L-8/44I (trans. EF).

10. See "German Zionists Plead for Restraint, Practical Measures at Congress," JDB, Aug. 17, 1933.

11. Letter, "The Ministry of Economics to the Foreign Ministry," Aug. 10, 1933, DGFP, 1918-1945, ser. C, 1 (London: HMSO, 1957): 733.

12, Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (New York: Macmillan, 1948), I: 240; "Memorandum by the Secretary of State of a Conversation with the German Charge (Luther)," Aug. 11, 1933, FRUS 1933 (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949), II: 357.

13. See "Zionists Attacked," JC, July 2I, 1933, 15; "German Zionists Plead for Restraint," JDB, Aug. 17, 1933.

14. "Hitlerites Bar German Zionists From Attending Congress," St. Louis Modern View, Aug. 24, 1933; "Refusal to Grant Visa to Jabotinsky Stirs Zionist Congress Circles," JDB, Aug. 16, 1933; see "Zionist Leader's Appeal to League," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 5, 7; "World Jewish Plea Urged on Zionists," NYT, Aug. 22, 1933; Martin Rosenbluth, Go Forth and Serve: Early Years and Public Life (New York: Herzl, 1961), 269.

15. "Reprisals Against German Zionists for Congress Acts Threatened by Rosenberg," JDB, Aug. 18, 1933; "Germany Watches Zionist Congress," NYT, Aug. 20, 1933.

16.-17. "Germany Watches Zionist Congress," NYT, Aug. 20, 1933.

18. "German Zionist Paper Banned After Answering Attack by Rosenberg," JDB, Aug. 21, 1933.

19. "Laborites Want Coalition for Zionist Organization Excluding Revisionists," JDB, Aug. 9, 1933.

20. "Refusal to Grant Visa to Jabotinsky Stirs Zionist Congress Circles," JDB, Aug. 10, 1933; "Grant Visa to Jabotinsky to Attend Prague Congress," JDB, Aug. 18, 1933; see "General Zionists Protest Actions Committee Delay on Laborite Demands," JDB, Aug. 17, 1933.

21. "Refusal to Grant Visa to Jabotinsky Stirs Zionist Congress Circles," and "Laborites Demand Voice in Actions Committee in Proportion to Strength," JDB, Aug. 16, 1933; see "Laborites Want Coalition for Zionist Organization Excluding Revisionists," JDB, Aug. 9, 1933.

22. "General Zionists Protest," JDB, Aug. 17. 1933.

23. "Actions Committee Reaches Compromise with Labor," JDB, Aug. 18, 1933; minutes, Actions Committee of ZO, first session, Aug. 17, 1933, CZA Z4,/287/1 (trans. GB); see "Zionists Act to Aid 250,000 Reich Jews," NYT, Aug. 21, 1933; see "Reich Believed Ready to Allow Jews Seeking Homes in Palestine to Export Goods and Thousand Pounds in Capital," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933, 4.

24. Minutes, Actions Committee of ZO, first session, Aug. 17, 1933, CZA Z4,/287/1, 9 (trans. GB); letter, Wise to Mack, Aug. 18, 1933, in Voss, 192.

25.-27. Minutes, Actions Committee of the ZO, first session, Aug. 17, 1933, CZA Z4/287/1, 11-13 (trans. GB).

28. Letter, Wise to Mack, Aug. 18, 1933, in Voss, 192.

29.-30. Minutes, Actions Committee of ZO, first session, Aug. 17, 1933, CZA Z4/287/1, 13-14 (trans. GB).

31. Letter, Wise to Mack, August 18, in Voss, 192.

32. Selbstwehr, Aug. 18, 1933, no. 33, 3 (trans. HG); see "Make Palestine Land of Fulfillment," JDB, Aug. 22 1933, 4.

33. See "Congress-and After," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 7; see letter, Wise to Brandeis, Sep. 19, 1933, BPM at AJA; see "Observations of Jacob de Haas," Sep. 25, 1933, BPM AJA; see Schechtman, 197.

34. "Congress and the German Jews," and "Dr. Ruppin's Address," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 7, 20; Arthur Ruppin, "Settling German Jews in Palestine," in Arthur Ruppin, Building Israel: Selected Essays, 1907-1935 (New York: Schocken, 1949), 269-82.

35. Ruppin, 278: also see letter, Landauer to Hartenstein, Aug. 17, 1933, CZA S-7/84 (trans. EF).

36. See "Make Palestine Land of Fulfillment " JDB, Aug. 22 1933, 2; Schechtman, 214-18; see "Zionist Congress Ends with World Appeal for Palestine Upbuilding," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933, 3; 18th ZC, 505 (trans. EF).

37. "18th World Zionist Congress Opens Today," JDB, Aug. 21, 1933.

38. Der Morgen Journal, Aug. 21, 1933, in Moshe Gottlieb, "The Anti-Nazi Boycott Movement in the American Jewish Community, 1933-1941" (unpub. Ph.D. diss. Near Eastern and Judaic studies, Brandeis, 1967), 116-17; see "Urges Congress Boycott Nazis," JDB, Aug. 22 1933.

39.-40. Der Morgen Journal, Aug. 21, 1933, in Gottlieb, 116- 17.

41. "Zionist Leader's Appeal to League," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 3.

CHAPTER 32

1. Joseph Wechsberg, Prague: The Mystical City (New York: Macmillan, 1971), 29, 50-53; Hans Kohn, "Before 1918 in Historic Lands," in The Jews of Czechoslovakia: Historical Studies and Surveys (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1968), I: 14..

2. Felix Weltsch, "Masaryk and Zionism," in Thomas G. Masaryk and the Jews: A Collection of Essays, trans. Benjamin R. Epstein (New York: B. Pollak, 1945), 82-83; see Weschberg, 14-15; see "President Masaryk and the German Jews," JC, Sep. 1, 1933.

3. "The Jewish Olympiad," JC, Sep. 1, 1933; "Prague Mayor Greets World Zionist Women," JDB, Aug. 14, 1933; "German Tongue Unused as Signs in 6 Languages Greet Congress Delegates," JDB, Aug. 15, 1933.

4. "18th Zionist Congress Opens-Mr. Sokolow's Address," JC, Aug. 25, 1933; photograph, "World Zionist Conference (sic)," Boston Post, Sep. 4, 1933; 13; "End Jewish Problem by Making Palestine Land of Fulfillment Instead of Promise," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933.

5. See confidential report, Mr. Gurney to Sir John Simon, Sep. 21, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16927-1556; "End Jewish Problem by Making Palestine Land of Fulfillment," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933.

6. "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 2; "Grant Visa to Jabotinsky to Attend Prague Congress," JDS, Aug. 18, 1933.

7. "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933; "Day to Day Story of the Congress," New Palestine, Sep. 20, 1933, 3; confidential report, Mr. Gurney to Sir John Simon, Sep. 21, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16927-1556.

8. "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 2, 4, 8: "18th Zionist Congress Opens," JC, Aug. 25, 1933: "Day to Day Story of the Congress," New Palestine, Sep. 20, 1933.

9. "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 2; see confidential report, Mr. Gurney to Sir John Simon, Sep. 21, 1933, PRO-FO 371/16927-1556.

10. "The Opening Speech," JC, Aug. 25, 1933. "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933.

11. "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 2.

12. "The Opening Speech," JC, Aug. 25, 1933 "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 4; "World Jewish Plea Urged on Zionists," NYT, Aug. 22, 1933.

13. "The Opening Speech," JC, Aug. 25, 1933; "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 4.

14. "The Opening Speech," JC, Aug. 25, 1933; "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933.

15. "End Jewish Problem," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 4.

CHAPTER 33

1.-2. "Make Palestine Land of Fulfillment," JDB , Aug. 22, 1933, 2.

3. Ibid.; "World Jewish Plea Urged on Zionists," NYT, Aug. 22, 1933.

4. "Make Palestine Land of Fulfillment," JDB, Aug. 22, 1933, 4.

5. "End Jewish Problem by Making Palestine Land of Fulfillment Instead of Promise," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 8; "18th Zionist Congress Opens," JC, Aug. 25, 1933, 17.

6. "Reich Believed Ready to Allow Jews Seeking Homes in Palestine to Export Goods and Thousand Pounds in Capital," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933, 4; "Zionist Leader's Appeal to League," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 3.

7. "Zionist Leader's Appeal," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 1, 3; "Professor Brodetsky's Political Report," JC, Aug. 25, 1933, 17.

8. "Professor Brodetsky's Political Report," JC, Aug. 25, 1933, 17; "Zionist Leader's Appeal," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 3.

9. "Zionist Leader's Appeal," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 3.

10. Ibid., 3, 5, 7; "Jewish Claims in Palestine," London Times, Aug. 23, 1933.

11. "Zionist Leader's Appeal," JDB, Aug. 23, 1933, 5.

12. Vossische Zeitung, Aug. 23, 1933 (trans. GZ).

13. "Reich Believed Ready to Allow Jews Seeking Homes in Palestine to Export Goods," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933, 2; "Presidium Elected," JC, Aug. 25, 1933, 17.

14. "Reich Names Bank as Trustee for Funds of Jews It May Allow to Migrate to Palestine," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933: Vossische Zeitung, Aug. 23, 1933 (trans. GZ).

15.-16. "Reich Believed Ready," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933, 2.

17. "Reich Names Bank," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933.

18. "Accord With Reich Reported," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933; "Reich Believed Ready," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933; "Zion Congress Plans New Palestine Colony," Chicago Daily News, Aug. 24, 1933.

19. "Accord with Reich Reported," NYT, Aug. 24, 1933 "Reich Believed Ready," and "Reich Names Bank," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933 "Zion Congress Plans New Palestine Colony," Chicago Daily News, Aug. 24, 1933. "Agreement with Germany for Taking Out of Jewish Property to Palestine," Haaretz, Aug. 24, 1933 (trans. GB).

20.-22."Mr. Sokolow Reviews World Jewry," JC, Aug. 25, 1933, 17. "Zionist Urges U.S. Administration Open Doors to German Jewish Exiles," JDB, Aug. 25, 1933, 2-3.

23. Arthur Ruppin, "Settling German Jews in Palestine," in Arthur Ruppin, Building Israel: Selected Essays, 1907-1935 (New York: Schocken, 1949), 269.

24. Ibid., 269-80. "Dr. Ruppin's Address," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 20.

25.-26. Ruppin, 278.

27. Stenographisches Protokoll Delr Verhandlungen Des XVIII Zionistenkongresses Und Der Dritten Tagung Des Council Der Jewish Agency Fur Palastina (Wien: Fiba-Verlag, 1934), 190 (trans. GZ).

28."Zionist Urges U.S. Administration Open Doors," JDB, Aug. 25, 1933, 1, 2.

29. See "Speech by Ruppin," 18th ZC, LBI and compare Ruppin, 269-82.

CHAPTER 34

1. "Zionists Reject Boycott of Reich," NYT, Aug. 25, 1933.

2."Day to Day Story of the Congress," New Palestine, Sep. 20, 1933, 4.

3. "Resolution on the Persecution of the Jews in Germany," PRO-FO 371/16927-1556. "The Resolutions on Germany," JC, Sep. 1, 1933.

4.-5. "Resolution on the Persecution of the Jews in Germany," PRO-FO 37I/16927-1556.

6. Stenographisches Protokoll Der Verhandlungen Des XVlll Zionistenkongresses Und Der Dritten Tagung Des Council Der Jewish Agency Fur Palastina (Wien: Fiba-Verlag, 1934), 198-99 (trans. GZ).

7. Ibid., 200-1; "The Resolutions on Germany," JC, Sep. 1, 1933.

8. Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, The Last Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 194; "Zionists Reject Boycott of Reich," NYT, Aug. 25, 1933.

9. Rasswyet, Sep. 2, 1933, in Schechtman, 194; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 202.

10. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 202 (trans. GZ). "Zionists Reject Boycott of Reich," NYT, Aug. 25, 1933.

11. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 202(trans. GZ).

12. "Zionists Reject Boycott of Reich," NYT, Aug. 25, 1933 "Zionist Assails Pact with Reich," NYT, Aug. 26, 1933 "Wife of Leader Shoved; 2 Zionist Factions Scrap," Chicago Daily Tribune, Aug. 25, 1933; Schechtman, 196-97.

CHAPTER 35

1. "Runschau Will Reappear After Official Shutdown," JDB, Aug. 25, 1933; "The Congress' Germany Resolution," JR, Aug. 29, 1933 (trans. GZ).

2. Der Deutsche, Aug. 25, 1933, in "Germans Favor Emigration," NYT, Aug. 26, 1933; "Nazis in Agreement With Zionists That Jews Must Give Up Homeland," Chicago Daily News, Aug. 26, 1933.

3. "The Transfer of Capital Belonging to Jewish German Citizens to Palestine," Deutsche Allgemeine Zetung, Aug. 25, 1933 (trans. GZ); see "Transfer of Jewish Property to Palestine," Selbstwehr, Aug. 25, 1933, XXVII, nr. 35 (trans. EF); Haaretz, Aug. 27, 1933 (trans. GB); "German Capital for Palestine," Palestine Post, Aug. 25, 1933.

4. Telegram, Peirre Dreyfus and Max Klang for the Defense Committee for Persecuted German Jews, Aug. 25, 1933, CZA L-9/101 (trans. DD).

5. Telegram, Central Union of Merchants, Central Union of Jewish Craftsmen, Central Union of Retail Dealers, Aug. 26, 1933, CZA L-9/101 (trans. DD).

6. Telegram, Untermyer, Aug. 26, 1933, CZA L-9/101.

7. "General Debate Opens," London JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 21.

8. Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 326-28, see 335, 487.

9. See Chaim Arlosoroff, "Report From Germany," in minutes, Executive Session of ZO, June 1, 1933, CZA L-13/138-1 (trans. DD).

10. Arthur Ruppin, "Settling German Jews in Palestine," in Arthur Ruppin, Building Israel: Selected Essays, 1907-1935 (New York: Schocken, 1949), 278.

11. "The General Debate Opens," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 21.

12.-I4. Stenographisches Protokoll Der Verhandlungen Des XVIII Zionistenkongresses Und Der Dritten Tagung Des Council Der Jewsh Agmcy Fur Palastina (Wien: Fiba-Verlag, 1934), 244 (trans. GZ).

15. "General Debate Opens," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 21.

16. "Mr. Jabotinsky's Statement," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 25; Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, the Last Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 194-95.

17. "Mr. Jabotinsky's Statement," JC, Sep. 1, 1933; Schechtman, 194-95, 218-19.

18.-22. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 248 (trans. GZ).

23. "Day by Day Account," New Palestine, Sep. 20, 1933, 4-5; "Possible Composition of the Executive," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 22: "Scene at the Zionist Congress," Palestine Past, Aug. 28, 1933.

24. "Possible Composition of the Executive," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 22; "Scene at the Zionist Congress," Palestine Past, Aug. 28, 1933.

25. "The Labor-Revisionist Fight," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 22: see Schechtman, 196.

26. Schechtman, 196: see "The Labor-Revisionist Fight," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 22.

27. Schechtman, 196.

28. Ibid.; "Laborites Renew Drive on Revisionists," JDB, Aug. 29, 1933.

CHAPTER 36

1. "Zionists' Resolution on Germany Riles Beobachter," JDB, Aug. 28, 1933; Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, the Last Years (N.Y.: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 217.

2. "Congress Dawdles," London JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 25: see Schechtman, 218-19: see memo, Jabotinsky to all Central Committees of Revisionist-Zionists, Oct. 30, 1933, JABA, file 2/23/2, H-I4 (trans. SS).

3. Schechtman, 218: letter, Jabotinsky to Elias Ginsberg, Sep. 8, 1933, in Schechtman, 218.

4.-8. "Untermyer Urges B'nai B'rith Join Boycott: Criticizes Zionist Congress for Nazi Deal," JDB, Aug. 29, 1933.

9. See Financial News of Palestine, no. 10, June 5, 1933, BPM at AJA; see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1932 (London: HMSO, 1933), 166-67: see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine and Trans-Jordan for the Year 1933 (London: HMSO, 1934), 197, 203.

10. Financial News of Palestine, no. 10, June 5, 1933, BPM at AJA; see Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine, 1932, 166: Great Britain Colonial Office, Palestine, 1933, 197-98.

11. "The Future of Citrus," Palestine Post, July 7, 1933; see minutes, American Economic Committee for Palestine, Oct. 9, 1933, BPM at AJA, 15-16; "New Season, What of the Citrus Crop?" Palestine Post, Sep. 28, 1933; see "Reich Facilitates Exodus to Palestine," NYT, Sep. 1, 1933.

12. See "Palestine Trade With the Nazis," Palestine Post, Aug. 30, 1933: see handwritten statement, Herr Erwin Schuster, no date (early Sep. 1933), CZA S-25/9706 (trans. EF): see cable, Hoofien, Sep. 8, 1933, CZA S-25/9706 (trans. EF/YC).

13. See "British, Palestine Govt's, Zionists Deny Reports as Nazis Reveal Orange Deal," JDB, Aug. 29, 1933: see "The Labour-Revisionist Fight," JC, Sep. 1, 1933: see "Nazis Report Deal With Palestine," NYT, Aug. 29, 1933.

14. "British, Palestine Govt's, Zionists Deny Reports," JDB, Aug. 29, 1933: "Labor-Revisionist Fight," JC, Sep. 1, 1933; "Nazis Report Deal With Palestine," NYT, Aug. 29, 1933.

15. "British, Palestine Govt's, Zionists Deny Reports," JDB, Aug. 29, 1933: "Nazis Report Deal with Palestine," NYT, Aug. 29, 1933.

16. "Boycott Chief Doubts Barter," NYT, Aug. 29, 1933.

17. "The Zionist Congress," London Times, Aug. 29, 1933: "Loan to Settle German Jews in Palestine Urged," Chicago Daily Tribune, Aug. 29, 1933 "Wise Attacks Weizmann," JC, Sep. 1, 1933.

18. "Nazis Report Deal With Palestine," NYT, Aug. 29, 1933.

19. "Palestine Trade With The Nazis," Palestine Post, Aug. 30, 1933.

20. "British. Palestine Govt's, Zionists Deny Reports," JDB, Aug. 29. 1933.

21. "On the Question of the Agreement for an Orange Shipment to Germany," Haaretz, Aug. 29. 1933.

22.-25. "Untermyer, Rabbi Silver Denounce Deals Reported Negotiated with Germany," JDB, Aug. 30, 1933.

26. Ibid.; see "Untermyer Urges B'nai B'rith Join Boycott," JDB, Aug. 29, 1933.

27."New Yorkers Cable Prague to Recall Dr. Weizmann," JDB, Aug. 24, 1933.

28. See "Congress News Item," JC, Sep. 1, 1933; see letters, Louis Lipsky to Weizmann, Sep. 12 and 24, 1933, CZA L-13/150.

29. See "Wise Attacks Laborites. Weizmann, Urges Zionist Congress to Elect Leaders Who Will Carry On Fight for Jewish State," JDB, Aug. 30, 1933; see "Weizmann Neither Denies Nor Confirms Reports He'll Attend Zionist Congress," JDB, Aug. 25, 1933; see letter, Wise to AJCAdCom, July 28, 1933, AJHS; see "Congress - and After," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 7; see "Dr. Wise's Report on His Activities in Europe. Verbatim Record," in minutes. AJCAdCom. Sep. 23, 1933. AJHS, 8-9.

30. "Wise Attacks Laborites," JDB, Aug. 30, 1933 "Wise Attacks Weizmann," JC, Sep. 1, 1933. 25.

31. Stenographisches Protokoll Der Verhandlungen Des XVIII Zionistenkongresses Und Der Dritten Tagung Des Council Der Jewish Agency Fur Palastina (Wien: Fiba-Verlag, 1934), 314-19 (trans. GZ); see "Wise Attacks Laborites," JDB, Aug. 30, 1933; "Wise Attacks Weizmann," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 25; see "Unfinished Business Prolongs Session of Zionist Congress," JDB, Aug. 31, 1933, 2, 4.

32. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 314-19 (trans. GZ); see "Wise Attacks Laborites," JDB, Aug. 30, 1933; see "Unfinished Business Prolongs Session of Zionist Congress," JDB, Aug. 31, 1933.

33.-40. XVIII Zionistkongresses, 322-24 (trans. GZ).

41. Ibid.; see "Wise Attacks Laborites," JDB, Aug. 30, 1933, 2.

CHAPTER 37

1. "Hoofien, Eliezer Siegfried," Encyclopaedia Judaica (Jerusalem: Keter, 1972), VIII: 968-69.

2. Letter, Hoofien to Motzkin, Aug. 24, 1933, CZA L-9/101 (trans. GB/DD).

3.-12. Handwritten notes, E. S. Hoofien, no date, CZA A-95/19 (trans. DD/GZ).

13. Ibid.; see minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 5th meeting, Aug. 29, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4 (trans. GB).

14. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 5th meeting, Aug. 29, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 26-27 (trans. GB).

15. Ibid., 27-28; see handwritten notes, Hoofien, CZA A-95/19 (trans. GZ/DD); see ~Dr. WISe's Report on His Activities in Europe, Verbatim Record," in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sep. 2 1933, AJHS, 9-10.

16. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 5th Meeting, Aug. 29, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 28 (trans. GB); "Wise Repudiated; The "Three Million Mark Agreement," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 26.

17.-19. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 5th meeting, Aug. 29, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 29 (trans. GB).

20. Ibid. "Wise Repudiated," JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 26.

21.-22. Handwritten notes, E. S. Hoofien, CZA A-94/19 (trans. DD/GZ).

23. "Unfinished Business Prolongs Sessions of Zionist Congress," JDB, Aug. 31, 1933.

24.-25. Stenographisches Protokoll Du Verhandlugen Der XVIII Zionistenkongresses Und Der Dritten Tagung Des Council Der Jewish Agency Fur Palastina (Wien: Fiba-Verlag, 1934), 329-36, see 334-338 (trans. EF).

26. Ibid., 342; "Unfinished Business Prolongs Session," JDB, Aug. 31, 1933, 4.

27. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 342; "Unfinished Business Prolongs Session," JDB, Aug. 31, 1933, 4.

28-31. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 350-52 (trans. EF).

32. Minutes, meeting of the Political Committee or the 18th ZC, 6th meeting, Aug. 30, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 32-35 (trans. GB).

33. See "Zionist Congress Vote Inquiry Commission for Palestine Terrorist Group," JDB, Sep. 1, 1933, 4.

34. Ibid.; "Dr. Wise's Report on His Activities in Europe, Verbatim Record," in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sep. 23, 1933, AJHS, 10.

35. "Zionist Congress Votes Inquiry Commission," JDB, Sep. 1, 1933, 4.

36.-38. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 382-83 (trans. EF).

39. "Plea for Unity at Congress," Palestine Post, Sep. 1, 1933.

CHAPTER 38

1. "Zionist Congress Votes Inquiry Commission for a Palestine Terrorist Group," JDB, Sep. 1, 1933.

2. Ibid.; "Actions Committee Resolution Adopted, " JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 20; Stenographisches Protokoll Der Verhandlungen Des XVIII Zionistenkongresses Und Der Dritten Tagung Des Council Der Jewish Agency Fur Palastina (Wien: Fiba-Verlag, 1934), 397-98 (trans GZ/EF).

3. "Zionist Congress Votes Inquiry," JDB, Sep. 1, 1933 "Actions Committee Resolution Adopted," JC, Sep. 8. 1933, 20; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 397-98; Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotisnky Story, the Last Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 195-96.

4. "Zionist Congress Votes Inquiry," JDB, Sep. 1, 1933; "Actions Committee Resolution Adopted," JC, Sep. 8, 1933; "Zionists Will Sift Palestine 'Terror,'" NYT, Sep. 1, 1933; "World Zionists to Probe Alleged 'Terror,'" Chicago Daily Tribune, Sep. 1. 1933; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 402.

5. See "Jewish Oranges for Germany," JC, Sep. 1, 1933; see "British, Palestine Govt's. Zionists Deny Reports," JDB, Aug. 29. 1933; "Nazis Report Deal with Palestine, NYT, Aug. 29, 1933.

6. "The Ambassador in Germany (Dodd) to the Secretary of State," Sep. 7, 1933 FRUS: 1933, (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1949), II: 356-58; see report. Mr. Newton, Berlin, "Financial Arrangement Between German Government and Certain Organizations in Palestine," Sep. 14, 1933, PRO-FO 371/ 16757-1527.

7. See "Reich Facilitates Exodus to Palestine," NYT, Sep. 1, 1933; see "German Jews' Emigration to Palestine," London Times, Sep. 2, 1933; "Palestine- German Agreement," Palestine Post. Sep. 3, 1933.

8. See "The Palestine-German Orange Agreement," Palestine Post, Sep. 2, 1933; "Reich Facilitates Exodus to Palestine," NYT, Sep. 1, 1933.

9. "Warsaw Community Protests Palestine- German Agreement," and "U.S. Jewish War Veterans Condemn Nazi-Palestine Deal," JDB, Sep. 1. 1933.

10. "The Emigration Agreement," JC, Sep. 8. 1933, 15-16.

11. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 9th meeting, Sep. 2, 1933, CZA Z-42/232/4, 39-40 (trans. GB).

12. Ibid.; see "Dr. Wise's Report on his Activities in Europe, Verbatim Record," in minutes. AJCAdCom, Sep. 23. 1933, AJHS, 10.

13. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 9th meeting, Sep. 2. 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 40 (trans. GB).

14. Ibid., 40-41; see "Dr. Wise's Report," in minutes, AJCAdCom. Sept. 23, 1933, AJHS. 10.

15. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 9th meeting, Sep. 2, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 41 (trans. GB); "Re-Election of Dr. Nahum Sokolow Looms As World Zionist Congress Draws to a Close," JDB, Sep. 5. 1933.

16.-20. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th ZC, 9th meeting, Sep. 2, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 41.

21. Ibid.; "Dr. Wise's Report," in minutes, AJCAdCom. Sep. 23. 1933, AJHS, 10; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 505 (trans. EF); see "Zionist Congress Ends," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933, 3.

22. Minutes, Political Committee of the 18th AZ, 9th meeting, Sep. 2, 1933, CZA Z-4/232/4, 43 (trans. GB).

23. "Political Resolutions of the 18th Zionist Congress," PRO-FO 371/16927-1556.

24. See Comite Executif de Congres Juif Mondial, ed., Protocole de la IIe Conference Juif Mondiale (Geneva), 82-87, see 83 (trans. GZ).

25. "Getting Down to Work," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 20-21; "Zionist Congress Ends With World Appeal for Palestine Upbuilding," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933, 4; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 435-39.

26."Getting Down to Work," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 20-21; "Zionist Congress Ends," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933, 4; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 435-39.

27. "The Final Proceedings," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 21; see "Zionist Congress Ends," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 440 et seq.

28. Ibid., I; see "Weizmann as Leader?" JC, Sep. 1, 1933, 25; "The End In Sight," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 21; see protocol, conference in Moran. Sep. 19, 1933, CZA S-25/9809.

29. "Zionist Congress Ends," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933, I.

30. See "Rothenberg and Lipsky Back from Prague Tell of Zionist Congress and German Situation," New Palestine, Sep. 20, 1933.

31. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 505 (trans. EF/ GZ); see "Political Resolutions of the 18th ZC," PRO-FO 371/16927-1556.

32. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 505 (trans. GZ/ EF); "Zionist Congress Ends," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933. 3.

33. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 505; "Zionist Congress Ends," JDB, Sep. 6. 1933, 3.

34.-39. XVIII Zionistenkongresses, p. 505-7.

40."Zionist Congress Ends," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933, 3; "The Final Proceedings," JC, Sep. 8, 1933, 22; XVIII Zionistenkongresses, 517-18.

CHAPTER 39

1. See "Those German Trading Agreements," JC, Oct. 10, 1933, 8; see "Rothenberg and Lipsky Back from Prague, Tell of Zionist Congress and German Situation," New Palestine, Sep. 20, 1933; see press conference with Stephen Wise, in press release, AJC, Sep. 16, 1933, BPM at AJA; see "Lipsky Back from Prague," JDB, Sep. 25. 1933; also see "The Nazi-Palestine Deal," New Orleans Jewish Ledger, Sep. 8, 1933.

2. "Those German Trading Agreements," JC, Oct. 13, 1933, 8.

3. "The Congress Must Speak Out," St. Louis Modern View, Sep. 14, 1933.

4. Press conference with Stephen Wise, in press release. AJC, Sep. 16, 1933, BPM at AJA. 4.

5. "Rothenberg and Lipsky Back from Prague," New Palestine, Sep. 20. 1933.

6. "Storm in Zionist Actions Committee as Factions Charge Plot on Inquiry," JDB, Sep. 6, 1933.

7. "Those German Trading Agreements," JC, Oct. 13, 1933, 8.

8. Comite Executif de Congres Juif Mondial, ed., Protocole de la IIe Conference Juive Mondiale (Geneva), 5-7.

9. "World Jewry and Herr Hitler," London Times, Sep. 6, 1933.

10. Congres Jiuf Mondial, 9-20.

11.-15. Ibid., 23-24.

16. See "The Anti-Nazi Boycott," St. Louis Modern View, Sep. 7, 1933; see "Palestine Oranges and Germany," Omaha, Nebraska Jewish Press, Sep. 8, 1933; see telegram, Central Organization of Academicians in Poland to the 18th ZC, Sep. 1, 1933, CZA L-9/101 (trans. DD); see "Boycott in Toronto," JDB, Sep. 5, 1933; "Texas Young Judeans Join Boycott," and "Chicago Boycott Leader Gets Threatening Letter," JDB, Sep. 7, 1933; "Boycott of German Goods," London Times, Sep. 7, 1933.

17. See Jacob Katz, Tradition and Crisis: Jewish Society at the End of the Middle Ages (Glencoe: Free Press of Glencoe, 1961), 99-101.

18.-21. "Orthodox Rabbis Pronounce Excommunication," JDB, Sep. 7, 1933; "Orthodox Rabbis Vote Boycott," NYT, Sep. 7, 1933; "Orthodox Jews Boycott 'All Things German, '" Chicago Daily Tribune, Sep. 7, 1933.

22. See Congres Juif Mondial, 31-39 (trans, GZ); "League of Nations Ready to Defend Jews," JDB, Sep. 7, 1933, 2.

23. See Congres Juif Mondial, 37; "League of Nations Ready," JDB, Sep. 7, 1933.

24. See Congres Juif Mondial, 37.

25. Ibid., 41-50, see 50 (trans. GZ).

26.-28. Ibid., 60-63.

CHAPTER 40

1. Comite Executif du Congres Juif Mondial, ed., Protocole de la IIe Conference Juive Mondiale (Geneva), 67-68 (trans. GZ); see "Geneva Conference Delegates Protest Nazi Deals, Criticize Zionists for Entering Them," JDB, Sep. 8, 1933.

2. Congres Juif Mondial, 68; "Geneva Conference Delegates Protest," JDB, Sep. 8, 1933.

3.-7. Congres Juif Mondial, 68-69.

8. Ibid., 72-75; see Walter Laqueur, A History of Zionism (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1972), 318-19; see Joseph Schechtman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, the Last Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961), 237.

9.-12. Congres Juif Mondial, 75-77.

13. "The Zionist Congress," London Times, Sep. 7, 1933; "Jewish Delegates Back Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 8, 1933; "World Jewish Conference Votes to Support Anti-German Boycott," St. Louis Modern View, Sep. 14, 1933; also see "Jewish Delegates at Geneva Back Nazi Boycott," Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, Sep. 15, 1933.

14. "Jewish Delegates Back Nazi Boycott," NYT , Sep. 8, 1933; "Jewish Delegates At Geneva Back Nazi Boycott," Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, Sep. 15, 1933; "World Jewish Conference Votes to Support Anti-German Boycott," St. Louis Modern View, Sep. 14, 1933.

15. Report, American Consulate in Geneva to the Secretary of State, "Second World Jewish Conference," Sep. 22, 1933, NA 540.16 JEWISH CONFERENCES/1 3-4; see Congres Juif Mondial, 89; "Jewish Delegates Back Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 8, 1933; see "Official Boycott on German Goods," Boston Post, Sep. 8, 1933.

16.-18. Congres Juif Mondial, 82-87 (trans. GZ).

CHAPTER 41

1. Comite Executif du Congres Juif Mondial, Protocole de la IIe Conference Juive Mondiale (Geneva), 89-90 (trans. GZ).

2. Ibid., 89-92.

3. Congres Juif Mondial, 92-93.

4.-6. Congres Juif Mondial, 93.

7. See "Jewish Delegates Back Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 8, 1933; see "League Aid Asked for German Jews," NYT, Sep. 9, 1933.

8. Congres Juif Mondial, 62.

9. Ibid., 94.

10. "League Aid Asked for German Jews," NYT , Sep. 9, 1933.

11. Congres Juif Mondial, 94-101.

12. Ibid., 101-2; see Louis Lipsky, Memoirs in Profile (Philadelphia: JPSA, 1975), 140-44; see Oscar I. Janowsky, The Jews and Minority Rights, 1898-1919 (New York: Columbia, 1933), 309-18.

13.-17. Congres Juif Mondial, 101-2.

18. Ibid., 102-103; "League Aid Asked for German Jews," NYT, Sep. 9, 1933.

19. "World Jewish Conference Votes to Support Anti-German Boycott," St. Louis Modern View, Sep. 14, 1933; "How Many Voices," JC, Sep. 15, 1933, 8; see "Jewish Delegates at Geneva Back Boycott," Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, Sep. 15, 1933; "League Aid Asked for German Jews," NYT, Sep. 9, 1933; "World Jewry and Hitlerism," London Times, Sep. 9, 1933; see Congres Juif Mondial, 102.

CHAPTER 42

1.-4. "Dr. Wise's Report on His Activities in Europe, Verbatim Record," in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sep. 23, 1933, AJHS, 4.

5. Ibid.; press conference with Dr. Wise, in press release, AJC, Sep. 16, 1933, BPM at AJA.

6. "Dr. Stephen S. Wise Says League Will Review Hitler Menace to World," Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, Sep. 15, 1933 press conference with Stephen Wise, in press release, AJC, Sep. 16, 1933, BPM at AJA.

7. "Dr. Stephen S. Wise Says League Will Review Hitler Menace," Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, Sep. 15, 1933; press conference with Stephen Wise, in press release, AJC, Sep. 16, 1933, BPM at AJA; "Nazi Threat to Jews More Grave Than World Knows, Says Wise on Return," JDB, Sep. 18, 1933.

8.- 13. Press conference with Stephen Wise, in press release, AJC, Sep. 16, 1933, BPM at AJA, 2-4.

14. Ibid., 7.

15.-20. "Dr. Wise's Report on His Activities in Europe, Verbatim Record, in minutes, AJCAdCom, Sept. 23, 1933, BPM at AJA, 1-13.

21.-25. Minutes, AJCAdCom, Sept. 23, 1933, BPM at AJA, 14-16.

26. Press release, AJC, Sep. 25, 1933, BPM at AJA, 3.

27.-29. Ibid., 5.

30. "Swedish 1hide Unions Order German Boycott," NYT, Sep. 7, 1933; "$500,000 Sought for Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 11, 1933; see "Nazi Press Lashes Einstein, Laski, Zionists; Warns Britain Against Boycott," JDB, Sep. 13, 1933.

31. "Nazi Press Lashes Einstein," JDB, Sep. 13, 1933.

32. "Hitler and Goebbels Plead for Winter Relief Move," Chicago Daily News, Sep. 13, 1933.

33. Ibid.; "Unemployed in Germany," London Times, Sep. 14, 1933; "German Winter Relief," London Times, Sep. 15, 1933.

34. "Hitler and Goebbels Plead," Chicago Daily News, Sep. 13, 1933; "Unemployed in Germany," London Times, Sep. 14, 1933; "German Winter Relief," London Times, Sep. 15, 1933.

35. "Unemployed in Germany," London Times, Sep. 14, 1933; see "Winter Relief for Jews," JC, Nov. 10, 1933, 12.

36. "$500,000 Sought for Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 11, 1933.

37. Ibid.; "1,500 Honor Untermyer at Testimonial Dinner; Boycott Conference Organizes for Work," JDB, Sep. 12, 1933; "Boycott Movement Against the Nazis," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 12, 1933; "American Jewish Bodies Move to Strengthen Boycott, Curb Nazi Activities Here," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 26, 1933.

38. "$500,000 Sought for Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 11, 1933.

39. "The Boycott Movement Against the Nazis," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 12, 1933; "American Jewish Bodies Move to Strengthen Boycott," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 26, 1933.

40. "1,500 Honor Untermyer," JDB, Sep. 12, 1933.

41. "Smith Denounces Nazis as 'Stupid,'" "Smith's Talk at Untermyer Dinner," and "$500, 000 Sought for Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 11, 1933; "1,500 Honor Untermyer," JDB, Sep. 12, 1933; see "To Raise $500,000 Fund for Boycott," Philadelphia Jewish Exponent, Sep. 15, 1933 see "Untermyer to Take Helm of Boycott Movement," Omaha Jewish Press, Sep. 15, 1933; "Boycott of German Products Launched at N.Y. Conference," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 12, 1933; "Anti-Nazi Boycott in America," Palestine Post, Sep. 11. 1933.

42. See "German-Made Goods Listed for Boycott," NYT, Sep. 12, 1933; see "Nazi Boycott Plans Widen," NYT, Sep. 18, 1933 see "American Jewish Bodies Move to Strengthen Boycott," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 26, 1933.

43. "Chicagoans Press Anti-Nazi Boycott," NYT, Sep. 16, 1933.

44. "Anti-Nazi Boycott Plans Widen," NYT, Sep. 18, 1933; "Untermyer Will Address Hartford Anti-Nazi Rally," Boston Jewish Advocate, Sep. 26, 1933.

[admin]

Index

Abdullah, Emir of Transjordan, 145
Achimier, Abba, 149, 157
Addams, Jane, 40
Adler, Cyrus, 4, 32, 49, 63, 107-108
AEG electric company, 183
Agricultural Bank, 147
Algemeen Handelsblad, 267
Alliance Israelite Universelle, 202
Allied Reparations Commission, 22
All-Latvian Jewish Conference, 183
Althneuschul, Prague, 297
Amalgamated Tailors' Union, 282
American Broadcasting Company, 276
American Civil Liberties Union, 40
American Economic Committee for
Palestine, 257
American Federation of Labor, 43-44,
275
American Jewish Committee, 4-5, 13,
14, 30, 44, 46, 63, 106-109,
114-115, 179, 207, 217, 274,
276-277
American Jewish Congress, 4, 5-6,
38, 41-46, 95, 114, 202, 274,
277-280, 296, 348, 350, 365
American League for the Defense of
Jewish Rights, 129, 188-189,
278, 367, 369
American Legion, 276
Angel, Isaac, 184
Anglo-German Association, 55, 80
Anglo-Jewish Association, 192-193,
208, 209, 332
Anglo-Jewish Trades Council, 193
Anglo-Palestine Bank, 163, 197, 226,
228, 229, 231, 233, 235, 236,
238-244, 247, 248, 249, 304,
323, 335, 357, 374
Anglo-Palestine Company, 226, 227
Der Angriff, 56, 173-174
Anti-Defamation League, 5
Anti-Jewish boycott begins officially in
Germany, 67-68
Arlosoroff, Chaim, 86-88, 92- 104,
123, 124, 131, 133, 135-141,
144, 145, 157, 174, 298, 299,
300, 301, 315, 331, 333
assassinated, 146~153, 162, 288,
294, 296
Arlosoroff, Shaul, 151
Arlosoroff, Sima, 150, 151, 152, 157
Arnold, Benedict, 26
Assembly of Hebrew Orthodox Rabbis
of the United States and Canada,
351
Association of Farmers, 159
Astor Hotel, New York, 13, 370
Atrocity propaganda, 68
Auditorium Theatre, 50
Augsburg Confession, 170
Auschwitz, 378
Balfour Declaration, 40, 75-76, 168,
209
Bank Leumi, 226
Bank Zilkha, Beirut, 373
Barclays Bank, 147
Basle Programme, 75
Beer Hall Putsch, 62
Begin, Menachim, 158
Behn, Sosthenes, 269
Ben-Gurion, David, 96, 143, 158, 294,
298, 301, 311, 312, 327
Ben Mazur Brothers, 133
Bentwich, Norman, 209
Berlin Jewish Community, 34
Berndt, Louis, 84
Betar, 123, 143, 308, 309
Big Three, 3-4, 7-8, 10-11, 19
Birchall, Frederick T., 206, 207, 271
Blumenfeld, Kurt, 35, 36, 37, 79
B'nai B'rith, 4, 44, 46, 108, 109,
114-115, 274, 316, 317
Board of Deputies of British Jews,
192-193
Board of Deputies of Rumanian Jews,
348
Bosch, Carl, 221
Brandeis, Louis, 10, 16, 26, 41, 78,
119-120, 298
Bressler, David, 10
Brest-Litovsk Treaty, 22
British Federation of Jewish Relief
Organizations, 349
British Federation of Synagogues, 349
British Imperial War Cabinet, 309
Brodetsky, Selig, 86, 87, 88, 97, 134,
134-135, 140, 228, 302, 332,
337-338
Brodnitz, Julius, 34, 35, 36, 37
Bruning, Heinrich, 83, 110, 188
Bustani, 160
Captain Webber's Organization, 193,
272
Carleton Hotel, Amsterdam, 1106
Catastrophic Zionism, 76-77, 142
Catholic party, 115
Central Association of Jewish Artisans,
Warsaw, 46
Central Association of Merchants, Warsaw,
46
Central Association of Small Tradesmen,
Warsaw, 46
Central Bureau for the Settlement of
German Jews, 340
Central Committee for Defense Against
Jewish Atrocity and Boycott Propaganda,
49
Central Jewish Committee, 356-357
Central Union of Bulgarian Jews, 348
Central Verein, 9, 34, 36, 37-38, 79,
83, 168
Cerruti, Vittorio, 62
Chamberlain, Houston Steward, 171
Chamberlain, Neville, 381
Chase National Bank, 267
Chemnitzer Neuesten Nachrichten, 1124
Chicago Daily News, 271
Chicago Tribune, 27
Churchill, Winston, 105
Citrus Center, 159
City Chemical Co., 47
Cohen, Alfred, 5, 7, 11, 108
Cohen, David, 207
Cohen, Percy, 211
Cohen, Sam, 84-88, 103, 104,
120-134, 137-139, 141, 142,
143, 159-165, 189-192,
195-198, 213, 226-234, 241,
243, 244-245, 247, 256, 278,
290, 306, 313, 325, 326, 327,
328, 337-338, 347
Cohen, W. W., 11, 14-15, 110
Colby, Bainbridge, 370
Colliers Weekly, 179
Commission on German Jews, 302
Commission on Palestinian Terrorism,
296
Committee of Jewish Delegations, 255,
348, 360
Conference of Institutions, 159, 191,
238, 239, 241, 242, 247, 258
Conference of Representatives of Institutions
in Connection with the
Question of Clarifying 1hlde Relations
with Germany. See Conference
of Institutions
Cunliffe-Lister, Sir Phillip, 98, 99, 100,
101, 140-141, 147, 148
Czechoslovakian National Bank, 378
Cziransky, Rabbi, 336
D'Avigdor-Goldsmid, Osmond, 209
Dachau concentration camp, 71, 178
Dawes Plan, 23
Dearborn Independent, 26, 27, 28, 29
"Decree for the Protection of the Retail
Trade, n 215, 129
Democratic Revisionists, 288
Detroit News, 27
Deutsch, Bernard S., 13, 38, 39, 42,
53, 274, 278, 280-281, 365, 366
Der Deutsche, 310
Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung, 267
Deutsche Bank, 235
Deutsche Bergwerks Zeitung, 223
Deutschland, ship, 25
Diaspora, 177-178, 201, 263, 305
Dickstein, Samuel, 17
Dieckhoff, Hans, 56, 60
Diktat, 22, 377
Dizengoff, Meir, 153
Doar HaYom, 81, 122, 123, 159-160,
161
Dodd, Ambassador, 222, 223-224
Dortmund Generalanzeiger, 224
Dresden Bank, 266, 267
Dulles, John Foster, 182-183, 188
Dunn, John J., 43
Dutch Federation of Trade Unions, 180
Dutch Jewish Committee, 207
Eberl, Dr., 244-246, 247
Eichmann, Adolf, 174, 374, 375
Einstein, Albert, 27, 28
Ellern, Herman, 229, 231-233, 234
Ellem Bank of Karlsruhe, 229
Emigrant Advisory Office, 125, 133,
135, 138, 258-259
Encyclopaedia Judaica, 85
Eshkol, Levi, 163
Estate for Handicrafts and Trade, 222,
225
The Eternal Jew, (Ford), 27
Europa, ship, 33
Exim, 257
Falastin, 145
Farbenindustrie, I.G., 52, 116, 268
Federation of American Zionists, 40
Federation of Polish Jews, 348
Federation of Polish Jews in Britain,
201
Federation of Swedish Trade Unions,
368
Fighting Fasci, 62
Ford; Henry, 26-30, 189
Ford Motor Co., 27-30
Foreign Currency Control Office, 85,
130, 133, 228
Foreign Policy Association, 120
Der Forverts, 12-13
Four Year Plan, 376
Francois-Poncet, Andre, 182
Frankfurter Zeitung, 203
Franklin, Leo M., 28
Fredman, J. George, 14, 20, 109, 201,
370
Free Synagogue, 40
French State Railways, 189
Frick, Interior Minister, 58, 220-221,
224
Fritsch, Theodor, 29, 171
General Motors Corp., 269
General Zionists, 288, 289, 292-293,
296, 303
Geneva Disarmament Conference, 16
Gerard, James W., 370
German-Atlantic Cable Company, 183
German Catholic party, 25-26
German Chamber of Commerce, 223
German Conservative party, 25
German Department, 340
Germania, Sl92
German Land 1rade League (Landhandelsbund),
318, 319, 320, 335
German Temple Bank, 236
German Zionist Federation. See ZVfD
Gesfurel electric company, 183
Gilmour, Sir John, "105
Ginsburg, Elias, 316, 370
Gleichschaltung (uniformity), 175
Goebbels, Magda Friedlander, 131,
372
Goebbels, Paul Joseph, 8, 13, 17,
47-48, 52, 53, 56, 65, 66, 68,
131, 157, 186, 187, 218, Sl69,
368-369
Goering, Hermann, 9, 18, 34-37, 52,
58, 65, 79, 80, 209, 223-Sl25,
372
Goldmann, Nahum, 85, 204, 205, 209,
210, 213, 293, 309, 352,
354-355, 358, 360, 361
Gordon, George, 19, 39, 53-54, 55,
58, 60, 64~65, 66, 220
Government Press Office, Germany,
67-68
Green, William, 43-44
Greenberg, Chaim, 44
Greuelpropaganda, 23, 106, 178
Grossman, Meir, 288, 312-314, 323,
324, 327, 330, 331, 336, 338,
341-342
Gruenbaum, Oskar, 330
Gunther, John, 27I
Haaretz, 81, 320
Haavara Trust and Transfer Office Ltd.,
249, 340, 347, 373, 374, 375,
377-378, 379
Hadassah, 276
Hailsham, Viscount, 55
Halifin Ltd., 376
Halperin, George, 335, 337
Halutzim, 311-312, 340, 373, 379
Hamburg-American Line, 264
Hanotaiah Ltd., 103-104, 125-127,
133-135, 139, 141, 143, 146,
159, 163, 192, 195, 198,
226-228, 230-232, 234-236,
238, 239, 241-242, 244-245,
247, 325, 347
Hanotaiah Sperrkonto, 160-161
Hantke, Arthur, 82
Harpener Bergbau, 52
Harriman Company, 185-186
Hartenstein, Hans, 85, 86, 123, 125,
130, 196, 198, 226-231, 233,
234, 246-250, 258-259
Hartog, Philip, 209
Hassell, Ulrich Von, 112
Hazit Haam, 149, 150, 151, 157
Hebrew Sheltering and Immigration
Aid Society (HIAS), 90
Hebrew Standard, 4
Hermann, Leo, 139
Hermann Tietz stores, 219-220
Herzl, Theodor, 72, 74, 75, 76, 121,
168, 176, 250, 298
Hess, Rudolf, 22 I
HIAS, 90
Hindenburg, Paul von, 3, 53, 57, 59,
64, 65, 110, 112, 116
Histadrut, 139, 143, 159, 191, 258
The History of German Zionism (Lichtheim),
168
Hitler, Adolf, 3, 4, 6, 8-9, 15, 24-25,
34-35, 47-48, 51, 56-58, 64,
110, 111, 127-129, 132,
171-173, 220, 269, 270, 272,
368, 369, 372, 380
Hoffman, M., 308
Hofjuden, 4, 5, 30
Holmes, John Haynes, 40, 44
Hoofien, Eliezer Siegfried, 163, 228,
231, 232, 235, 237, 238, 239,
240, 241-244, 245, 247-250,
325-329, 337
Hoover, Herbert, 16
House Immigration Committee, 16, 17
Howe, Louis, 16
Hugenberg, Alfred, 129, 187, 225
Hull, Cordell, 18, 19, 39, 54, 55, 60,
64, 66, 115-lla, 290-291
Immigration Act (1924), 16-17
Integralite party, Brazil, 262
"The International Jew, " 29
International League Against Anti-
Semitism, 60, 104
International Telephone and Telegraph
Corp. (ITT), 269
International Trade and Investment
Agency Ltd. (lNTRIA), 377
Inter-University Jewish Federation,
349
Investor's Review, London, 266-267
Iron Guard, Rumania, 26 I
Jabotinsky, Vladimir, 77, 79, 122-123,
143-144, 148-149, 158-159,
160, 172, 287, 288, 292-294,
298, 301, 309, 313, 315-316,
334-335
Jacob H. Schiff, His Life and Letters
(Adler), 31
Jacobson, Victor, 145
Al Jamai Al Arabia, 145
Jedell, Hugh, 292
Jewish Agency for Palestine, 19, 81,
82, 84, 90, 91, 93, 159, 162, 164,
228, 234, 239, 240, 243, 340,
374
Jewish Agency Executive Committee,
12, 95, 99, 102, 135
Jewish Burial Society, 179
Jewish Colonial Trust Company, 75,
226
Jewish Company, 74-75
Jewish Daily Bulletin, 194, 320
Jewish Economic Forum, 189, 199, 210
Jewish National Fund, 75, 102,
164-165, 235
"The Jewish State-An Attempt at a
Modern Solution to the Jewish
Question" (Herzl), 72, 73, 74, 75,
174
Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 203, 319,
320, 32I
Jewish War Veterans, 11-12, 14,
20-21, 25, 33, 47, 109, 129, 180,
188-189, 276, 335
"The Jews in Nazi Germany, " 179
Johnson, W J., 147, 148
Joint Conference Committee, 8, 10, II
Joint Distribution Committee, 89, 108
Joint Foreign Committee, 193-194,
199-200, 203, 209, 210-212
Der Judenstaaat (Herzl, 72, 73, 74, 75,
174
Juedische Rundschau, 137, 173-175,
176, 291, 292, 310
Kahn, Franz, 79
Kahn, Bernard, 9 I
Kaplan, Eliezer, 90
Katznelson, Berl, 294, 299, 300,
330-332, 336, 342
Kaufhaus des Westens, 267
Kerrl, Hans, 53
Kindermann, Herr, 107
King David Hotel, Jerusalem, 95, 145,
146
Koch, Walter, 112
Konto 1, 249
Konto II, 249
Kook, A. J., 351
Korshak, Max, 370
Krell, Herr, 107
Kristallnacht, 377
Krupp, Gustav, 221, 222
Ku Klux Klan, 41
Labor party, 301
Labor Zionism. See Mapai
Labor Zionists, 44, 142, 304
Landauer, Georg, 86, 88, 124, 125,
130-131, 133, 135, 142,
162-163, 164, 195-198,
226-234, 240, 242, 244,
245-247, 248-249, 258-259,
328
Landauer Anzeiger, 265
Landhandelsbund. See German Land
Trade League
Landsberg, Arthur, 257
Landsberg, Avraham, 82
Laski, Neville, 194, 199, 201-204,
209, 210, 211-212, 299, 332
League Against Anti-Semitism, 180
League of Jewish Women, 348
League of Nations, 76, 82, 135, 141,
281, 299, 360, 380
Lehman, Herbert, 38
Lehman, Irving, 14
Leitner, Rudolf, 290, 291
Lenin, V. I., 22
Leshinsky, Jacob, 12-13
Levy, Michael, 211-212
Lichtheim, Richard, 79, 80, 81, 94,
168
Lincoln, Abraham, 26, 45
Lipsky, Louis, 296, 311, 341,
347-348
Liquidation Bank, 135-136, 139-141,
145, 253-254, 296, 340, 342
"Listen Hitler," 122
Locker, Berl, 89, 91, 96-97, 106-107,
139, 314, 323-324, 327, 328,
333
Lodzia, 379
London Daily Herald, 34
London Daily Mail, 261-262
London Investor's Review, 266-267
London Jewish Chronicle, 178, 194,
203, 273, 335, 347, 348, 362
London Sunday Express, 47
London Sunday Referee, 217
Louis Berndt and Successors, 84
Lucerno Concert Hall, Prague, 298,
299
Luther, Hans, I 17
Luther, Martin, 169-172
Luther Solution, 170-171
Lyric Theatre, Baltimore, 50
Maccabi Games, 298
MacDonald, James, 120
Magnes, Judah, 96, 146, 257
Manchester Guardian, 178
Manhattan, ship, 33
"Manifesto of the Sicarii," 149
Mann, Henry, 269
Manufacturers Association, 159, 191
Mapai, 142-144, 158, 258, 263,
287-289, 292-297, 301, 303,
304, 314-315, 322-323,
330-334, 338-341, 342, 366
Margolies, M. S., 43
Margoshes, Samuel, 44, 275, 280
Margulies, Heinrich, 234-241, 242,
247
Margulies, Morris, 275
Marks and Spencer, 80
Marshall, Louis, 4, 26, 28, 189
Masaryk, Thomas, 112, 113, 298
Mazur, E., 353-354
Mazur Brothers, 133
McConnell, Francis T., 43
Mechnes, Moshe, 163, 227, 241, 242,
243, 246, 247
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 27, 29, 49
Meir, Golda, 366
Mekoroth, 379
Melchett, Lord, 180, 181, 188-189,
192-194, 199-201, 202-204,
207, 209-210, 272-273, 291,
298
Mendelsohn, Morris J., 20
Mendelson, B. A., 351
Mereminski, Israel, 323
Messersmith, George, 267
Mizrachi, 145, 146, 287, 289, 293,
296, 303, 321
Modern View, 347, 362
Moltke, Hans, 104-105, lII-II2
Mond, Sir Robert, 272
Montefiore, Leonard, 194, 202, 203,
204, 332
Moses, Siegfried, 125, 133, 135, 141,
164
Mossad, 378
Mossinson, B., 349, 355
Motzkin, Leo, 255, 256, 293, 298,
304, 307, 308-309, 313, 314,
315, 323, 324, 330, 334-335,
338-339, 349, 356-357, 360
Mufti of Jerusalem, 262, 375
Munich Chamber of Commerce, 116
Mussolini, Benito, 61-62, 136, 143,
356
Myerson, Goldie, 366
Nathan, J. L., 204, 209
National Association for the Advancement
of Colored People, 40
National City Bank, New York, 269
National Joint Council, 208
National Socialist German Workers
Party. See NSDAP
National Socialist Party, 53
Naumann, Max, 34, 35, 36-37
Nazi Cell Organization, 220
"A Nazi Goes to Palestine" (Von
Mildenstein), 174
Nazi Labor Front, 310
Near and Middle East Commercial
Corp. (NEMICO), 373-374
Neumann, Emanuel, 92, 94, 95, 99,
100, 101, 147, 148
New Palestine, 348
New Plan, 372, 374
New York Telegram, 30
New York Times, 13, 20, 106, 115,
118, 179, 204, 206, 207, 271,
290, 292, 319-320
New Yorker Hotel, New York, 274,
280
Ney, Mr., 239
Nicholas II, Czar, 4, 30
Night of the Broken Glass
(KristaIInacht), 377
Nir, 258
Non-Zionists, 168
Nordau, Max, 76, 77, 142
NSDAP, 3, 24, 45, 46, 48, 52, 53, 57,
63, II4, 173, 178, 185, 217, 269,
374, 381
Nuremberg Laws, 374
Nuremburg War Crimes Trials, 172
Nurock, Mordechai, 355
O'Brien, John, 20, 38, II9
"On the Jews and Their Lies"
(Luther), 169, 171-172
Organization of German Immigrants,
92, 159, 163, 191, 238-239
Palastina Amt, 227
Palastina-Treuhandstelle zur Beratung
deutscher Juden GmbH, 249
Palestine Development Corporation,
102
Palestine Electric Co., 89
Palestine Foundation Fund, 90, 92, 102
Palestine Land Development Co.,
84-85
Palestine Post, 320
Palestine Publishing Company, 257
Palestine Trust Society for Advice to
German Jews, Inc. (Paltreu), 249,
340
Paris, ship, 276
Parkinson, A. C. C., 87, 88, 124, 140,
228
Parliamentary Labour party, 208
Perlman, Nathan, 28
Persitz, Shoshana, 257
Philadelphia Record, 264
Phillips, William, 17, 53, 54, 60, 64,
66
Pinner, Ludwig, 99, 163-164
Pioneer Paper Co., 47
Plaintiff, Gaston, 28
Polish Corridor, 15, 110, 112, 128
Prague Sozial Demokraten, 27I
Prittwitz, Friedrich von, 18
Pro Palestine Committee, 121
Proskauer, Joseph, 14, 108, 109
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 26,
201, 291
Prudential Insurance Co., 147
Radical Zionists, 288, 289, 303
Rasner, C., 354
Rassco, 379
Reading, Lord, 55, 56, 62, 80, 89
Reformation, 169, 171
Reform Judaism, 167
Reichart, Dr., 229
Reich Emigration Advisory Office, 87
Reich Flight Tax, 125
Reich Press Office, 137-138
Reichsbank, 25, 266-267
Reichstag fire, 8
Reichswehr, 22I
Reiner, Fritz, 61
Revisionist Union, 79, 122, 143
Revisionists, 122-123, 142-143,
157-158, 287-289, 292-293,
301, 308-309, 314-315, 322,
330-334, 336-341
Ridder, Bernard, 132
Ringel, Michael, 341
Rogers, Will, 30 .
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 10, 15-16,
44, 46, 116-117, 202, 280, 368
Roosevelt, Theodore, 31
Rosen, Pinchas, 82, 163
Rosenau, William, 38
Rosenberg, Alfred, 172-173, 183,
291, 292, 316
Rosenblatt, Avi, 157
Rosenbluth, Felix, 82, 83, 140, 163,
257
Rosenbluth, Martin, 35, 79, 80, 81,
82, 94, 96-97, 138-139, 201,
291
Rosmarin, Henryk, 352, 355-356
Rothermere, Lord, 262
Rothschild, Anthony, 80
Rubaschov, Zalman, 314-315
Rumanian National Bank, 105, 268
Rumbold, Sir Horace, 63, 64, 87, 88,
128-129, 132, 188, 218
Rundschau, 137
Ruppin, Arthur, 96, 163, 247, 293,
9.95, 304-306, 311, 312, 327,
328, 337
Russell Hotel, London, 80
Russo-American commercial treaty, 31
Russo-Japanese war, 30
Rutenberg, Pinchas, 80, 89, 98- 102,
134, 135-136, 246, 257
Sacerdoti, Angelo, 349
Saemisch, Friedrich, 56, 57
Samuel, Sir Herbert, 62, 203
Sarnoff, David, 119-120
Schacht, Hjalmar Horace Greeley, 52,
56-57, 59, 105, 110, 111,
114-118, 130, 181-182,
185-186, 188, 196, 267, 271,
372, 374
Schechtman, Joseph, 293, 315
Schiff, Jacob, 4, 5, 30, 260
Schlossberg, Joseph, 282
Schmidt-Roelke, Hans, 85, 86, 125,
226, 227, 228, 229, 231-235,
242, 244-246
Schmitt, Kurt, 218, 219, 220, 221,
222, 229, 304
Semi-Judaeus, 169
Senator, David Werner, 12, 82, 91, 92,
94, 100, 101, 103, 131, 139, 140,
195, 209, 228, 253-255, 326,
337
Shalazar, Zalman, 314
Shertok, Moshe (Sharett), 338
Shkolnick, Lev, 163, 227
Sieff, Lord, 80
Siemens, Karl, 22I
Siemens manufacturers, 52, 61
Silver, Abba Hillel, 320-321, 370
Simon, Sir John, 63, 188, 218
Sloan, Alexander, 146
Smilansky, Moshe, 160, 161
Smith, Alfred E., 15, 43, 370
Smuts, Jan Christiaan, 209, 212
Social Democratic Labour party,
Netherlands, 180
Societe Generale, 266
Society of Jews, 82
Sokolow, Nahum, 89, 93, 139, 201,
209, 298-300, 305
Solingen Chamber of Commerce, 264
Sozial Demokraten, Prague, 27I
Speier, Herman, 275
Sperling, Benjamin, 11
Sperrmarks, 111, 125, 126
Die Spur, 172
Staats-Zeitung, 132
Stahl, Heinrich, 34, 35, 37
Standstill Agreement, 182
Standstill Committee, 376
Stavsky, Abraham, 157, 158
Stern, J. David, 370
Stoecker, Adolf, 171
Strauss, Lewis, 16
Streicher, Julius, 48, 50, 61, 68, 114,
172, 179, 224-225
Der Sturmer, 50, 172
Sunderling, Jacob, 108-109,
282-283, 380-381
Swastika Club, 26 I
Sweet, William, 35 I
Taft, William Howard, 26, 3 I
Tageb/att, 3 I8
Tietelbaum, Isidore, 275
Tel Aviv Chamber of Commerce, 159
Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, 253
Temple Bank, 229, 236, 243
Temple Emanu-El, 40
Tenenbaum, Joseph, 9-10, 44, 263,
274-275, 280-282, 367
Thelwell, E, 106, 187
Thomas, Norman, 29-30
Thyssen, Fritz, 221
Tietz, Alfred, 79
Tietz, Ludwig, 79, 80, 81
Tietz Stores, 219-220
Der 7bg, 44, 109
Toscanini, Arturo, 61
Trades Union Congress, British, 180,
188, 208, 275
Transfer Agreement, 246-250, 278,
290, 295, 303, 304-305,
310-311, 317-319, 323-324,
327-330, 335-343, 347-348,
350, 354-355, 356-357,
365-366, 374
Transfer clearinghouses, 249
Treblinka, 378
Die Trust, 6 I
Tuchler, Kurt, 173-.174
Tygel, Zelig, 275, 367
Union of German Students, 171
Union of National German Jews, 34,
35
United Steel Works, 183
University of Prague, 261
Untermyer, Samuel, 119, 188-190,
201, 202-207, 210, 223,
272-284, 311, 313, 316, 317,
321-322, 332, 348, 351,
363-365, 367-371, 380
Ussischkin, Menahem, 162, 164-165,
235, 257, 327, 329
Vaad Leumi, 144, 159, 349, 355
Verdier, Cardinal, 104
Versailles Peace Conference, 5
Versailles Treaty, 22, 76
Veterans protest march, New York City,
20-21
Volkischer Beobachter, 56, 68, 183, 291,
316, 361, 368, 369
Von Eltz-Rubenach, Paul, 59
Von Hoesch, Leopold, 55, 80
Von Krosygk, Schwerin, 52, 59
Von Mildenstein, Baron Leopold,
173-174
Von Neurath, Konstantin, 52, 54, 57,
59, 60, 63-66, 110-112,
127-129, 182, 183
Von Papen, Franz, 52, 57, 58, 59, 64,
292
Von Schinkel, Max, 264
Vossische Zeitung, 303
Wagener, Otto, 218, 225
Wagner, Robert, 44
Wagner Festival, 61
Waldman, Morris, 11, 49
Waldmann, Israel, 336
Waley-Cohen, Sir Robert, 209, 257
Walker, Jimmy, 15
Wallach, Ernest, 36, 37
Warburg, Eric, 49, 50
Warburg, Frederick, 49, 50
Warburg, Max, 5
Warsaw Jewish Community, 335
Warsaw Stock Exchange, 42
Wasserman, Oscar, 63
Wauchope, Arthur, 96, 98, 99, 100,
101, 151
"Wear It with Pride, the Yellow Spot!"
(Weltsch), 176-177
Webber, Walter Joseph (Gallant
Captain), 183-184, 272, 319
Weimar Republic, 22, 23
Weizmann, Chaim, 27, 80, 91, 93, 94,
95-96, 99, 134, 136, 140, 145,
150, 201, 209, 259-260, 287,
293, 296, 322, 340-341
Die I*lt, 150
Weltsch, Robert, 137, 176
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 22, 121
Wilson, Woodrow, 26, 40
Wimborne, Joseph, 2 I I
Winkler, Max, 282
Winter Relief, 368-369
Wise, Aaron, 40
Wise, Stephen S., 10, II, 14, 15-17,
20, 28, 33, 36, 38-41, 44-45, 53,
54, 63, 67, 68, 78, 95, II4, II8,
119-120, 190, 201-202,
204-205, 207, 209, 263, 272,
274, 275, 277, 278-280, 287,
294, 298, 322, 327, 331, 332,
336-338, 347-350, 352-353,
357-361, 362-368
Witte, Count Sergei, 3 I
Wolff, Heinrich, 86, 102-103, 104,
123, 144, 159-163, 165-166,
189-192, 196, 228, 231,
234-238, 239-243, 244,
247-248, 290
Wolfson, Leo, 275
Women's International Zionist
Organization, 298
World Alliance to Combat Anti·
Semitism, 193
World Economic Conference, London,
117, 188, 202
World Jewish Conference
First, Geneva, 38, 114
Second, 212, 273, 274, 279,
348-362
Third, 374
World Jewish Congress, 38, 202, 204,
209, 210, 279, 280
World Jewish Economic Conference,
189, 193-194, 199-206, 210
World Jewish Economic Federation,
207, 210, 272, 278, 279, 321,
363-364
World Zionist Congress. See Zionist
Congress
Yakhin, 139, 143, 163, 192, 227, 228,
232, 233, 238, 241, 258
Yishuv, 122-123, 168, 326
Young Farmers Association, 103
Young Plan, 57
Youth Aliya, 78
Yugoslavian Association of Synagogues,
348
Zionist Congress
First, 75, 168
Tenth, 76-77
Twelfth, 77
Eighteenth, 122-123, 142, 143,
148, 204, 287-289, 297-300,
301-343
Nineteenth, 374
Zionist Executive Committee, 96, 139,
327, 337-338, 340, 341-342
Zionist Federation, 82, 195, 234
Zionist Federation of Switzerland, 349
Zionist Organization, 34-35, 71-73,
75, 78, 81, 82, 90, 91, 138-139,
142, 226, 235, 239, 242, 253,
276, 290, 292-295, 313-314,
317, 321, 322, 337, 340, 350,
354, 356, 357, 374
Zmora, Dr., 94
ZVfD (German Zionist Federation), 35,
36, 78-79, 86, 92, 124, 135, 138,
141, 164, 173-174, 226, 229,
230, 232, 241, 242, 244, 258,
291, 304, 310, 335