ORDERS TO KILL -- THE TRUTH BEHIND THE MURDER OF MARTIN LUTH

"Science," the Greek word for knowledge, when appended to the word "political," creates what seems like an oxymoron. For who could claim to know politics? More complicated than any game, most people who play it become addicts and die without understanding what they were addicted to. The rest of us suffer under their malpractice as our "leaders." A truer case of the blind leading the blind could not be found. Plumb the depths of confusion here.

Re: ORDERS TO KILL -- THE TRUTH BEHIND THE MURDER OF MARTIN

Postby admin » Fri Sep 04, 2015 2:47 am

Notes:

1 David J. Garrow, Bearing the Cross (New York: Vintage Books, 1988). p.543.
2 Ibid. p. 545.
3 FBI Memorandum Report from Cartha DeLoach to Mr. Mohr dated November 27, 1964.
4 Joan Turner Beifuss, At the River I Stand (Memphis, TN.: St. Lukes Press, 1990) pp. 382-383.
5 Gerold Frank, An American Death (New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1972) p. 172. 6 UPI April 24, 1968.
6 UPI April 24, 1968.
7 Drew Pearson/Jack Anderson, The Washington Post, July 22, 1968.
8 Gerold Frank, op. cit.
9 FBI letter from Cartha DeLoach to Clyde Tolson dated March 11, 1969.
10 Addendum to letter from DeLoach to Tolson dated March 12, 1969.
11 George McMillan, The Making of an Assassin (Boston: Little, Brown, 1976).
12 William Bradford Huie, He Slew the Dreamer (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Inc. Publishers, 1968) .
13 Harold Weisberg, Frame-Up (New York: Outerbridge & Dienstfrey 1971).
14 Mark Lane/Dick Gregory, Code Name "Zorro" (Englewood-Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall Inc. 1977.
15 George McMillan, op. cit.
16 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, January 20, 1976.
17 Affidavit of G. Robert Blakey, Rancho La Costa, Inc. et al. v. Pent house International Ltd. et al.
18 Penthouse magazine March 1975.
19 Blakey affidavit, op. cit.
20 Jim Hougan, Spooks (New York: William Morrow & Co. Inc. 1978) pp.533-534.
21 Thomas Plate, Andrea Darvi, Secret Police (London: Robert Hale 1982) p.294.
22 Memorandum 15 March 1968 from Acting Director of Security to Deputy Director for Support.
23 David Wise, Thomas B. Ross, The Espionage Establishment (New York: Random House, 1967) p. 143.
24 David Wise, Thomas B. Ross, op. cit.
25 David Wise, Thomas B. Ross, op. cit. pp. 143-160.
26 Morton Mintz, Jerry S. Cohen, Polver, Inc. (New York: Viking Press, 1976) p. 283.
27 U.S. Department of Justice, Report of the Justice Department Task Force to Review FBI Martin Luther King Jr., Security and Assassination Investigations, Washington, D.C., January 11, 1977.
28 U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary, FBI Statutory Charter -- Appendix to Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Administrative Prac-tice and Procedure Part 3, 95th Cong. 2d Sess. U.S. Court Print pp.
33-75.
29 HSCA Report Vol V1 p. 138, MLK Exhibit F-436D.
30 Memo to A. E. Belmont from W.C. Sullivan December 24, 1963.
31 Ibid.
32 Memo to W. C. Sullivan from C. D. Brennan 4/18/68.
33 Memo to W. C. Sullivan from C. D. Brennan 12/15/68.
34 File Memo June 23, 1966 to Atlanta S.A.C. Joseph K. Ponder.
35 Memos to W. C. Sullivan from G. C. Moore 12/13/67 and 12/29/67: Memo to Attorney General Clark 1/2/68 and his response 1/3/68.
36 HSCA Report Vol. V1, p. 67.
37 The details of these contacts are set out in a series of Memoranda from F. J. Baumgardner to W. C. Sullivan dated: 11/10/64, 12/6/64,
2/1/64, 3/2/65, 4/23/65, 5/24/65, and 8/14/65.
38 New York Times, November 19, 1964.
39 Memorandum from Baumgardner to William Sullivan November 3, 1966.
40 Memorandum from Robert Wick to Cartha DeLoach November 9, 1966.
41 Memorandum from Charles Brennan to William Sullivan March 8, 1967.
42 Philip Melanson, The Marlin Luther King Assassination (New York: Shapolsky Publishers 1991) p. 132.
43 Memorandum from SAC Chicago to Director FBI June 1, 1967.
44 Melanson, op. cit. p. 132.
45 Memorandum from George Moore to William Sullivan October 25, 1967.
46 Memorandum from George Moore to William Sullivan March 26, 1968.
47 HSCA Report Vol. IV p. 200.
48 Memoranda from Milton Jones to Thomas Bishop 3/18/69.
49 Jack Anderson and Les Whitten, The Washington Post 12/17/75.
50 Memos F. J. Baumgardner to W. C. Sullivan dated 9/8/64 and 9/17/64.
51 HSCA Final Report p. 573.
52 Curt Gentry, J. Edgar Hoover, The Man and the Secrets (New York: W. W. Norton & Company 1991) p. 572.
53 HSCA Report Vol. V1 p. 125.
54 HSCA Final Report p. 377.
55 HSCA Final Report p. 376.
56 Melanson, op. cit. p. 73.
57 Garrow, op. cit. p. 468
58 Deposition of Percy Foreman April 3, 1974, in case of James Earl Ray v. Jimmy H. Rose No. C-74-166, United States District Court, Western District of Tennessee, Western Division p. 154.
59 Ibid. p. 167.
60 Ibid p. 182.
61 HSCA Final Report pp. 548-549.
62 HSCA Final Report p. 547 (footnote).
63 HSCA Report Vol. V111 p. 608.
64 HSCA Final Report p. 555.
65 Douglas Valentine, The Phoenix Program, (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1990) p. 338.
66 I Am A Man (Memphis, TN: Memphis Publishing Company, 1993) p. 104.
67 HSCA Vol. I p. 77.
68 Douglas Valentine, The Phoenix Program, op. cit.
69 James Bamford, The Puzzle Palace, (New York: Penguin Books USA, 1983) p. 321
70 Ibid. p. 317
71 Ibid. p. 321
72 Ibid. p. 321
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Re: ORDERS TO KILL -- THE TRUTH BEHIND THE MURDER OF MARTIN

Postby admin » Fri Sep 04, 2015 2:48 am

Acknowledgements

DURING THE PERIOD OF eighteen years my work on this case has benefited from the assistance of a large number of people to whom I am grateful. Though it is not possible to mention everyone individually, the contributions and sacrifices of some particular individuals have been so significant that they must be recorded.

I wish to acknowledge the courage of John McFerren, "Cheryl" and "Bob," Betty Spates, Louie Ward, Nathan Whitlock, Clifton Baird, Art Murtagh, Bill Turner, Daniel Ellsberg, and William Sartor, as well as my Tennessee associate counsel Wayne Chastain. Each has demonstrated, often under great pressure, the fortitude necessary to try to right the twenty-six year old wrong which both deprived the nation of the unique leadership skills and vision of Martin Luther King and sent an innocent man to prison.

Credit and appreciation is also extended to a number of local law enforcement and intelligence officials who have disclosed pieces of the story or otherwise assisted. This list includes present and former Memphis Police Department officers such as Tommy Smith, Barry Neal Linville, Jim Nichols, Ed Atkinson, Ed Redditt, Jerry Williams, Joe Hodges, Emmett Douglass, and Alex McCollum. A special note of thanks is owed to former MPD officer Jim Smith who told the truth and suffered professional harassment as a result. Too, there was former Memphis Deputy Director of Public Works Maynard Stiles and former Fire Department officers whose contributions were significant including William King, Charles Stone, Floyd Newsom, Chief Norvell Wallace and Lieutenant George Loenneke.

Many people from all walks of life were willing to share what they knew about the case and/or provided an essential base of grass roots support and encouragement. I am particularly grateful to Sid Carthew whose conscience compelled him to take great pains to search me out and Ray Kohlman who gave unstintingly of his time. Among others I am grateful to: James McCraw, Peggy and Charles Hurley, William Ross, Ernestine Campbell, John "Bill" McAfee, John Fisher, "Tango," Tommy Wright, Jerry Little, Hazel Sweeney, Kay Black and the Invaders, particularly Charles Cabbage, Big John Smith, Izzy Harrington, Dr. Coby Smith and Abdul Yawee.

A number of former friends and associates of Dr. King have provided invaluable assistance. It was with Ralph Abernathy that I initially met and interrogated James Earl Ray, and through the years the Reverend Jim Lawson has been a constant pillar of strength and support. Jim's integrity and capacity for love is unmatched in my experience. In his unswerving commitment to the legacy of Dr. King, the Reverend Hosea Williams has been a constant reminder to me of what this is all about. Whenever needed he has been there, occasionally in great physical pain. The Reverend James Orange is another who has gone out of his way to try to tell what he saw at the time of the killing.

The considerable previous research and investigative efforts particularly of Harold Weisberg as well as Mark Lane have provided an essential foundation for my own work.

More recently, the work of English television producer John Edginton and author Philip Melanson have kept some significant issues alive. English reporters Andrew Billen of the London Observer who broke a key aspect of the story and Oonagh Blackman of the London Sunday Express have demonstrated a degree of interest and independence rarely seen in the American press. Other researchers and authors whose work has occasionally overlapped with my own have been a welcome source of information and general encouragement. Among others are Anthony Summers, Jim Hougan, Colonel Fletcher Prouty USAF ret., James Bamford, Peter Dale Scott, Dan Moldea, Douglas Valentine and Dick Russell.

Home Box Office and Thames Television provided James with his only trial up to the present time. This effort (and my work generally) was greatly facilitated by the Tennessee Department of Corrections Deputy Director Mike Dutton who was previously warden of Riverbend Penitentiary where James is incarcerated, and Mary Dennis the Warden's assistant. Memphis attorney April Ferguson, who has had a long standing interest in the case, assisted as co-counsel.

Previous lawyers of James Earl Ray, Arthur Hanes Sr., his son Judge Art Hanes Jr., Jack Kershaw and Jim Lesar were gracious with their time and information.

I reserve a special note of thanks for former Memphis journalist Steve Tompkins, whose earlier work opened the door to the most sensitive, deeply hidden area of my investigation. For me Steve epitomizes the very best of a dying breed in America -- the investigative journalist who is only restricted in the pursuit of the truth by his conscience.

I am also indebted to and wish to acknowledge the contributions of a number of other serving and former military officers, intelligence and other government officials who must remain anonymous but without whose courage the full story could not have been told.

***

This book would not have been written in its present form without the herculean efforts of my assistant for the last nine years, Jean Hazel Obray. Her singleminded, unselfish dedication to the defense of James Earl Ray, the investigation of the case and the completion of the book has been matched by her creative contributions and insights into people and events. Where my performance has been lacking in any respect she has enhanced it and where it has been good she has pushed for excellence.

To her goes my heartfelt gratitude.
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Re: ORDERS TO KILL -- THE TRUTH BEHIND THE MURDER OF MARTIN

Postby admin » Fri Sep 04, 2015 2:48 am

Index

A
Abels, Ken, 206, 240
Abernathy, Ralph, 17,18,19,21,
22-23,27,29,30,31,32,35,
51, 119, 160,220,227,230,
274,282,399
assassination and, 134
conspiracy theory and, 47, 53
Ellsberg affidavit and, 91, 92
FBI and, 297
Harrison and, 158-159
HSCA and, 52
King's last hours and, 160, 283
as King's successor, 33
meeting with Ray, 51-53, 66-82
Abrams, Creighton V., 412-413457,
471
Academic community, CIA and, 87
Addison, Lavada Whitlock, see Whitlock, Lavada
Admiral Benbow Inn, 225
Aeromarine Supply Store, 34-35,
36, 76, 125, 127-128,211,285,
294, 296, 300, 471, 473
Agent(s) provocateur
Black Caucus and, 466
Invaders and, 9,61, 130
McCullough as, 130
March 28 march (Memphis) and,
117,220,282,291,458,470-471
Agne, Joseph, 334
Akabulon group, 243, 265-266
Akins, Willie, 236, 237, 253--254,
264-265, 313, 315, 316,
320-321,325,331,337,343,
345, 359-360, 384, 393
Alabama Army National Guard, 417
Albert, Carl, 90
Alibi witnesses for Ray, 13~140,
193,195-196, 204,279
Alton, Illinois bank robbery, 44,
107-109,125,265,277,295,
487
Ambassador Hotel, 217,240
American Death, An (Frank), 53
American Independence Party, 124
Amnesty International, 307-308,
340
Anderson, Jack, 39, 43, 119
Anschutz, Willie, 59, 288
Antipoverty program, 4
King and, 4, 10, 14
Antiwar demonstrations, 5, 44] , 442,
443, 447-450, 452, 466-467
Appeal, 148,150,158,174-175,
182, 183, 491
Applebooty, 329
Arcade Restaurant, 217,237
Arkin, Eli H., 14, 126, 129, 222,
250,251, 421,422, 431,460,
475, 477
Armando, see Pereira, Armaro
Army, 412-461
assassination and, 413-414,
421-436, 456,460-461,469,
467-468, 469, 470, 472, 473,
471, 474, 477, 481-483,
485-488
chronology of relevant events
and,439-461
domestic missions of, 419-420
Galt and, 435-439, 444, 465, 484,
486
intelligence organization,
411-418
King and, 415,469,487, see also
surveillance of King and, ]erlow
Ku Klux Klan and, 415, 455
Memphis Police Department and,
465
senior officials of, 417-4 ] 9
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference and, 458, 460, 462,
464, 468, 473, 475
Special Forces Group and, 317,
333,338-339,345,347,412,
415,418-419,420,444,
450-451, 455
surveillance of King and,
246-247, 248, 304-305,
316-317,414,415,416,423,
432, 433-434, 441, 442, 443,
452, 454-455, 456-457, 458,
459, 460, 463, 469, 470, 471,
473,477,478,487
urban riots and, 444-445, 446,
450-451,458,464, 465,467
Vietnam War opposition and,
440-444, 445-450, 452-453,
465, 466-467, 493
Assassination, 27-33, 460, 478-479,
480,481,482-484,494
aftermath of, 34-38
Army and, 412-413, 420-435,
456, 459-461,467-468,469,
471, 474-475, 477, 478, 479,
480, 481 483-485
BBC documentary on, 160-165,
175,184, 377
books on, 53-61, 104-105, ]48,
166-167,170, 295, 337, 362,
482, 486
chronology of, 462-481
cover-up of, 485-491, 494
evidence of, 190-191,199-201
foreign intelligence agencies and,
234
Invaders and, 98, 250, 257-259,
276
Jowers and, 157, 195, 264-265,
315-316,319-320,324,325,
326-331, 34], 342, 343, 380,
384,469,475-477,478,479,
480, 482, 491-492
King's last hours before, 28-29,
95, 159-160, 245, 274, 282-283,
460, 478-479
location of shot and, 56, 93-94,
129, 153--154, 163, 165, 186,
190, 191,211,231,263-264,
273, 274-275, 296
Mafia and, 102-103,131-136,
137-139, 145-148,380-381,
386-387, 393, 394-395, 464,
465, 468, 476, 477, 484, 486,
487
media and, 53-54
Memphis Police Department and,
30-31,126,185-186,190-191,
275,294,392-393,460-461,
472, 473, 474, 475, 478, 480,
482
phone call preceding, 263
photographs relating to, 139,
190-191,364,483
posture of King when shot and,
93
prior attempts at, 140-144, 243,
386-387, 395, 426, 462-463,
464,468
Raul and, 375-376, 377, 378
Ray's story on, 66-82, 139-140,
148,188
scene of, 93, 97-98
Selma, Alabama and, 426
state's case on, 55-59, 94-97
throwdown rifle and, 228, 231
witnesses of, 94-97, 149, 174,
184-185, 188, 201-202, 208,
210, 221, 230-231, 245-246,
253, 283--284, 396-402, 474,
481, see also Jones, Solomon;
Stephens, Charles Quitman
Yellow Cab Company and,
388-390
see also Ballistics; Bushes, between
rooming house and Lorraine
Motel; Conspiracy theory;
Footprints, between Lorraine
Motel and rooming house;
Rifle, for assassination
Assistant Chief of Staff for
Intelligence (ACSI) , 415, 416,
417,437,439,440,441,447,
448, 450, 452, 453, 454
Association of Federal, State,
County and Municipal
Employees (AFSCME), 13
Atkinson, Ed, 210-211
Atlanta
map of, 55-56, 187-188, 200,
286-287, 301, 304
Ray in, 55-56, 75, 129, 212,
286-287, 301, 470, 471, 486
At the River I Stand (Beifuss), 28-29
Auble, John, 233, 277, 295
Austein, William, 152, 199, 259-260
Avery, Will, 307

B
Bacile, Joe, 376
Baden, Michael, 286
Bailey, D 'Army, 313
Bailey, F. Lee, 42, 166
Bailey, Lorraine ("Lurlee"), 22,31,
203-204, 222, 263
Bailey, Theotis, 263
Bailey, Walter, 22, 97-98, 151,
203--204, 231, 263, 290, 300
Baird, Clifton, 140-144, 255, 463
Baker, William, 142-143
Bakst, Richard, 391-392
Baldwin, Arthur Wayne, 134-135,
190, 212, 265, 300, 366-369,
489-490
Ballard, Charles, 257
Ballistics
assassination rifle identification
and, 128, 136-137, 163,
199-200, 255-256, 267-268,
273, 284, 285, 288
rifle tested for evidentiary record
and, 347,356-357,360,
361-362,392,486,491
state's case disproved with,
136-137
television trial and, 289-290
Baltensprager, John, 101, 102, 240
Bamford, James, 437
Bank robberies, 59
Alton, Illinois, 44, 107-109, 125,
265, 277, 295, 488
Baptist World Alliance, 121
Barksdale, Gene, 212, 213
Barr v. Matteo, 85
Bathroom window, shot fired from,
94, 129, 153-154, 163, 165,
186, 190, 191, 211, 263, 273
Battle, Preston, 44-45, 167, 169,
172, 173--174
BBC documentary, on assassination,
160-165, 175, 184, 377
Bearing the Cross (Garrow), 4
Beasley, James, 45, 46, 96, 180
Beifuss, Joan, 28-29
Belafonte, Harry, 117
Benavites, Tony, 102
Bennett, John, 10
Berens, Howard, 66, 68, 80, 81
Bergard, Coleman, 31-32
Berkley, Elmo, 226
Bevel, James, 21, 28, 98, 130, 472
Bevel, Jim, 458, 479
Big Lena, 252, 254, 255, 382
Billen, Andrew, 304, 322, 326
Billet, Myron "Paul Bucilli," 146,
147-148,161,276,297,468
Billings, John, 268, 298, 313, 321,
322, 326, 329, 338, 345, 387
Binoculars, 35, 56, 78, 128, 186,
188, 285, 476-477
Birch, Philip, 42
Bishop, Martin, 147
Black, Kay, 6],98, 119, ]29, 156,
209,231, 296
Blackburn, S. 0., 229, 239, 249
Black Caucus, 8, 9, 84, 270, 466
Black Organizing Project (BOP), 14
Black Power movement, 9
"Black probe" operation, 123
Blackstone Rangers, 9, 270
Blair, Arlie, 140-144
Blakefield, William, 417, 443, 465,
474, 494
Blakey, G. Robert, 61,63-64,65,
91-92, 108, 111, 123, 125,488
Blanton, Ray, 134,212,242,260,
366,368,489,490
Blount, James E. "Jeb", III, 249
Blue Note Lounge (Jackson,
Mississippi), 386, 464
Bob (husband of Cheryl), 374, 376,
377, 378, 404-405, 409, 490
Bonebrake, George, 287
Bonnevecche, J. Christ, 102-103
Books
on assassination, 53--61, 104-105,
148, 166-167,170,295,337,
362, 486
on King, 353-354, 481
Boycotts, 20
Boyd, Sallie, 336
Bradshaw, Rufus, 152, 199, 259,
298
Branner, Jimmie Lee, 322
Brantman, Alfred L., 109
Bray, Colonel, 222, 247
Brellnan, C. D., 120
Brewer, Bessie, 56, 95, 96,97, 193,
254, 285, 329
Brewer, Frank, 254
Bridgeman, Paul Edward, 40, 80
Brown, Bailey, 21, 22, 27, 35
Brown Berets, 419
Brown, Bernard, 141, 142, 143
Brown, Calvin, 222
Brown, H. Rap, 419, 445, 446,
453-454, 463
Brown, Joe, 335, 345, 356, 361, 363,
365, 396
Brown, John H., 352
Brush, see Bushes, between rooming
house and Lorraine Motel
Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary,
Ray in, 68-82, 136, 148, 243,
367,489
Ray's attempted murder at,
134-136, 212, 243, 265-266,
268, 275, 297, 300, 365-368,
488-489
Ray's escape from ( 1977) , 68,
242-243, 277, 360, 366-368,
489
Bryan, George, 155
Bryant, Baxton, 133
Buchanan, Joe "Buck," 321,
327-328, 330, 386, 428, 464
Buck Kreihs Machine Company,
371
Buford, Walter, 101, 148
Bundy, McGeorge, 444
Burgess, Melvin, 226, 267
Burnstein, Ken, 431
Bushes, between rooming house
and Lorraine Motel, 93, 95,
184, 208-211, 256-257, 289,
291, 387, 397
cut down, 61,98,129,156,184,
190, 201-202, 214, 254, 277,
296, 298-299, 364-365,
481-482
shot fired from, 102, 129, 136,
165, 231, 254, 274-275
Butler, Betty, 389
Butler, Paul, 389, 481, 482, 491
Butler, Thomas, 42, 43

C
Cabbage, Charles, 20, 196, 258,
458, 479
Caldwell, Earl, 163, 184-185, 210,
231, 257, 297, 299, 359
Campbell, Ernestine, 246, 263, 389
Campbell, William, 346, 347
Camp, George M., 62
Canada
Kimbel in, 163, 164
Ray in, 39-40, 59,71,79-80,107,
162-163, 193,243,247,
465-466, 486
Callale, Phil M., Jr., 45, 47,
173-174,181,314, 332
Callipe, Guy, 30, 35, 136-137, 155
Canipe's Amusement Company
bundle (rifle) dropped at, 30, 59,
94, 136-137, 154, 155,214,
252, 267, 274, 284, 285, 286,
290, 363--364, 478, 480
layout, 265-266
Mustang parked in front of, 30,
56, 59, 60, 153, 154, 155, 156,
186, 197, 199,202,214,236,
262, 274, 284, 477
Capone, Al, 374
Carlisle, John, 195
Carmichael, Stokely, 418, 444, 445,
453-454, 463
Carroll, Carroll, 199, 208, 287
Carson, 369, 427-430
Carter, Jim, 378
Carter, M. E., Produce Company,
315,316, 320, 328, 329,
336-337, 382, 393, 472
Carter, Marshal, 437
Carthew, Sid, 344-345, 375, 430
Cassius, Joseph, 262
Castro, Fidel, 83
Catherine, 265, 402
Caywood, David, 133
CB radio broadcast, see Hoax CB
radio broadcast
CBS, Stephens interviewed on, 97
Center for National Security
Studies, 83
Central Intelligence Act, 88
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
416,417
Blakey and, 63-64
domestic activity of, 85-88
establishment of, 85-86
Kimbel and, 162-163
King and, 83--85, 463, 464
Mafia and, 146-147, 161-162
Operation CHAOS and, 9, 84,
85, 446, 466
police force training sessions and,
217
Special Operations Groups, 85,
88, 416, 417-418, 419, 446-448,
465, 466
Vietnam War opposition and,
441-444, 446-447, 449, 450,
451, 465, 466-467
Young blood and, 100-104
see also Office of Security
Cessna, 243
Champagne, Donald, 286, 289
Champion, Carolyn, 204
Chapman, Leonard E., 114
Chapman, Robert, 349
Chastain, Wayne, 94, 95-96, 97,
100, 101, 127, 149, 156,157,
164, 203-204, 209, 221, 231,
241, 273, 290, 291, 300, 312,
315, 319, 320, 321-322, 323,
331, 332, 334-335, 336, 345,
349, 359, 361, 363, 365, 373,
378, 380, 389, 391, 395, 408,
410,491
Check Off Inn (Memphis), 229,
381,382
Cheryl, 373-378, 404-405, 406, 409,
430, 487, 490
Chicago, antiwar march in (1967), 5
"Children of Vietnam, The"
(Ramparts), 4-5
Chimento, Joe "Zip," 333--334, 370,
375,430, 465
Chuck, 396-404
Church Committee Report, 52
Civello, Joe, 352
Civil rights
CIA and, 84
Johnson and, 6
Claridge Hotel, 61
Clark, Earl, 211
Clark, Ramsey, 46,93, 113,438,
463
Clarks Hotel, 478
Clay, Paul, 222
Clifford, Clark M., 438, 454, 455
Cobb, Henry H., Jr., 417
Cochran, Robert, 336
Code Name ZO1TO (Lane), 60-61
Cody, Archbishop, 121
Coffin, William Sloane, 4, 334
Cohen, Jeff, 60, 101, 149, 331
Cohen, Leon, 203, 231, 290, 300
COINTELPRO, 52, 112-114, 161,
216, 275, 277, 281, 286, 462,
487
Colacurcio, Frank, 212
Cole, Echole, 13
Collins, LeRoy, 114
Coloma, Dina, 307-308
Colton, John P., Jr., 181-183
COMINFIL, 112, 462
Commercial Appeal, 117, 119, 128,
155
Commodore, 329
Communist Party
King and, 112
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference and, 112-114
Community on the Move for
Equality (COME), 15
Connally, John, 352
Conrad, Walter, 107-108, 265
Conspiracy theory, 45, 46-47, 48,
53, 60, 141
Abernathy on, 81-82
alibi for Ray and, 139-140
Baird/Blair story and, 140-144
ballistics evidence and, 136-137
Brushy Mountain attack on Ray
and, 265-266
cover-up of, 268
Ellsberg affidavit and, 88-93,
98-100
evidence for, 93-104, 131-144,
196
Hays and, 148-150
hoax CB radio broadcast and, 31,
54, 60, 152, 199, 207-208, 231,
259-260,277,287,297-298
HSCA and, 107-110, 124-130,
487
Kirk and, 134-136
Mafia and, 102-103, 131-136,
137-139, 145-148, 161-162
Memphis Police Department and,
51, 152, 293, see also TACT
forces withdrawal and, below
opposition to, see House Select
Committee on Assassinations;
State's case
Ray involved in, 272
Betty Spates and, 275
TACT forces withdrawal and, 30,
130,151-152,163,213-216,
224, 231, 274, 275, 282, 293,
296
television trial and, 194, 274, 276,
291, 295, 299, 301-302, 306
Cooks, Stoney, 89, 90, 92, 98, 99
"Coop," 217,305,450
"Copperhead," 258
Coppola, Joe, 333-334
Costello, Frank, 352
Counterintelligence Analysis Board
(CIAB), 414, 441, 442, 444,
445,446, 455
Cover-up, of assassination, 485-492,
494
Crawford, Gene Pearson, 240-241
Crawford, Willie, 256, 365, 481
Crumby, William O., 130, 151, 152,
224, 293
Cruz, Bob, 409, 410
Cupples, Steve, 197
Curington, John, 244-245, 349-354,
482
Curtis, Raymond, 42, 241-242

D
Dabney, Rosie Lee, 100, 236,
237-238, 252, 341, 382
Dago, 373-374
Daily News, FBI and, 115
Daley, Richard, 9
Dalitz, Morris, 63-64
Daniels, Harley, 246
Dates, Cliff, 204, 25:;, 298, 321, 322,
325, 337, 356, 360
Davis, George Kelly, 226
Davis, J. C., 194-19:), 292
Davis, Morris, 134, 193, 21],
227-230, 294
Davis, Roy, 221
Death slug, assassination rifle
identification and, 221,
255-256, 267, 273, 285, 286,
289, 482
DeLoach, Cartha, 6,37,53-54, 115,
121, 295
Democracy, failure of, 493-496
Denaro, Tina, 65
DeSoto Motel (Mississippi), 77
Diablo, 405
Disinformation, 111
Herman and, 406
photocopy of building in crime
scene and, 139
Young blood and, 104
Dixie Mafia, 354
Dollahite, Vernon, 30, 154, 186,
284
Domestic Operations Division, of
CIA, 86
Donaldson, Sam, 325, 337
Dougherty, Dale, 205-206, 239
Douglass, Emmett, 30, 213-216,
269, 284, 290
Draft, Spock on resistance to, 11
Ducret, 234
Duncan, William, 141 , 142
Dunn, Carroll, 191,48]
Dutton, Mike, 306
Dwyer, Robert "Buzzy" 45, 180

E
Eastland, James, 355, 418
"Ed," 228-229
Edginton, John, 160-165, 243, 359
"Eggs and sausage man," at Jim's
Gri11, 100-101, 164,238,240,
383-384
Eidson, Billy R., 420-421, 428, 458,
460, 461, 471, 474, 475, 481,
485
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 87
Eldridge, Eddie Lee, 194
Electronic surveillance, 161
"ELINT," 415, 440
of Invaders, 258-259
of King, 36, ]13, 115, 122,126,
161,217-220, 231,246,258,
261, 276, 292, 303-305, 463
of television trial jury, 266-267,
276, 277
see also Surveillance
"ELINT" (electronic intelligence
surveillance), 415, 440
Ellington, Buford, 19
Ellsberg, Daniel, 88-93, 98-100, 144
England, 247
extradition from, 40, 43, 59, 68,
80, 94, 167, 205, 308, 485
Erickson, Frank, 352
Ernestine and Hazel's Restaurant,
245, 263
Eskridge, Chaul1cey, 30-31, 46
Esquivel, Raul, Jr., 161
Esquivel, Raul, Sr., 60, 149, 161-162
Eugene, Michael, 43
Evans, Edward, 138
Evans, Sam, 14, 18, 20, 151, 152,
163,224,274,381,421,473,
475
Evans, Sam, .Jr., 475
Evidence
of assassination, 190-191,
199-201
for television trial, 181-183
Evidentiary record, establishment
of, 346-347, 355-356
delay in, 361-363, 365
denial of, 396
rifle and bullets tested for,
346-347,356-357, 360,
361-362, 486
Ewing, Hickman, 180, 181, 189,
190,192-193,264,265,271,
276, 277, 281, 282, 283, 284,
285, 286, 288, 289, 290, 292,
295, 296, 298, 300, 303, 305,
344
Exoneration, from government,
306-307,321,326
Extramarital sexual activity, King
and, 113-114, 119-120, 122,
219, 292

F
"Fat" Frank, 336
Fauntroy, Walter, 52, 89, 90, 91, 92,
98, 99, 100, 220, 246, 248, 260,
277-278, 299, 305, 440, 488
see also House Select Committee
on Assassinations
Federal Bureau of Investigation
(FBl), 47,60,68,417,416
Alton, Illinois bank robbery and,
108,265
assassination and, 223, 231, 486
Austein and, 259-260
Baird and, 141, 143
ballistics and, 128, 136-137,200,
255-256, 267-268, 273, 288,
289-290, 361-362
"black bag" operations, 295
Blakey and, 63-64
books on assassination and,
53-54, 295
Bessie Brewer and, 254
COINTELPRO and, 52, 112-114,
161,216, 275,277, 281,286,
462, 487
COMINFIL and, 112,462
Cupples and, 197
Curtis and, 241-242
electronic surveillance of King
and, 217-2] 9, 231, 249, 258,
279,463
Hardin and, 247
Holloman and, 14
HSCA investigation and, 99, 487
Huie and, 169, 255
Hunt and, 349, 350, 353
Invaders and, 258-259
Kimbel and, 161-162
King and, 4, 36, 60, 85, 88-93,
96,98-100,112-124,128,
216-220, 231,247,248,250,
258-259,275,276,282,286,
292,295,299,303-305,
350-351,353,361,454,462,
463,471
William King and, 201
King-Spock presidential ticket
and,116
Latch and, 241
Latimer and, 203
location of shot and, 93
McCoy and, 361
McFerrell and, 133, 134
Mafia and, 146-147
media and, 53--54, 277
Memphis and, 455, 456, 457-458
Memphis march (March 2 and,
282
Memphis Police Force and,
221-222
Office of Security and, 83-84
police force training sessions and,
217
Ray and, 36-37,38-39,40,41,
43-44, 47, 60, 68, 242, 260,
436, 437-438, 470-471, 486,
488, 488
Ray's prison escape (June 1977)
and, 68, 260, 487, 489
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference and, 112-113,
115-117, I23, 158-1,59,297,
459-460, 462
Stephens and, 184
television trial jury tampering
and, 266-267, 489
302 interview reports and,
275-276
Vietnam War opposition and,
449-440, 445-447, 450-451
Wilkins and, 6
See also Hoover, J. Edgar
Fensterwald, Bud, 77
Ferguson, April, 131, 135, 148, 181,
289
Fingerprints, 128-129
Mustang and, 129, 287
rifle for assassination and, 128,
173,287
Finley, Bernell, 155
Fireman
black boy telling shooting
account to, 54, 149
transfer of Newsom and Wallace
and, 23, 126, 150, 196, 224,
231, 275, 293, 474
Fisher, John T., 366
Florida Atlanta Airlines, 430
Footprints, between Lorraine Motel
and rooming house, ]96, 239,
253, 256-257, 296, 330, 481
Ford, Harold, 99
Foreign intelligence agencies,
assassination and, 234
Foreman, Percy, 44,45, 46-47, 137,
168-171,172-174,245,
351-352, 366, 376-377, 405,
486, 490
Foster, Kenneth, 196-197
Frame up (Weisberg), 60
France, assassination and, 234
Francisco, Jerry, 33, 46, 129, 221,
255, 285
Frankel, Marvin E., 181,281,282
Frank, Gerold, 37, 53, 54, 295, 486
Freedom of Information Act, 83,
85, 109, 116, 125
Freshaur, Donald, 428
Frohnmeyer, John, 334
Fulbright, William, 455
Funeral, for King, 31, 35-36

G
Gagliano, J. S., 226
Galt, Eric S., 71, 73, 76, 434-438,
444, 465, 475, 483, 485,
488-489
Gait, Eric St. Vincent, 40, 434
Gait, Eric Starvo, 36-37
Gambino, Carlo, ]46, 147,469
"Garden Plot," 424
Gardner, 419, 425, 429, 433, 435,
436, 444, 450, 451, 455, 456,
458, 459, 467, 470, 471, 484
Garner, James, 37, 75
Garner rooming house, 200
Garrison, Jim, 52, 162, 370, 373
Garrison, Lewis, 293, 312, 313, 314,
315, 318, 319, 320, 321, 345,
372-373, 380, 383, 387, 391,
393-395, 396, 403, 404, 408
Garrow, David, 4, 158
Gattas, Fred P., 222
Gayllor, Paul, 84
Gerz, George, 44
Ghormley, Judson "Bud," 30, 94,
154, 155, 186
Giancana, Sam, 83, 146, 147, 469
Gianetti, Rich, 229-230
Gianotti, Frank, 21-22
Gill, C. Wray, 370
Gioia, Frederick, 31
Glanker, Mark, 343
Globe-Democrat, 118
Goodman, Dutch, 256, 365, 482
Gore, Albert, 340
Grady, Edward, 371
Graham, Julius, 155
Granberry, Freddie, 335, 336
Grand Jury investigation, 332, 333,
334, 362,395-396,490-491
see also Evidentiary record,
establishment of
Grapevine Tavern, 124
Graydon, Stuart F., 431
Greco, Luigi, 227
Green Beetle Tavern, 213, 217, 228
Green Berets, 413,414
Memphis and, 305
Green, Willie, 156-157, 193, 204,
208,273-274,290
Gregory, Dick, 91
Guaranteed income, King on, 4, 10,
14
Guilty plea, Ray entering, 44-48,
53, 59, 80,96, 104-105, 137,
166-174,189, 225, 287-288,
297, 308, 332, 335, 346, 367,
486, 487
Gulas Lounge, 134, 227, 230, 294

H
Hack, Al, 229, 230
Hagerty, Robert, 223, 292, 422
Haines, Ralph E., Jr., 447
Halperin, Morton, 83
Hamby, J. D., 223, 226, 255, 285,
289
"Hamilton," 258
Hamilton High School (Memphis) ,
18
Hanes, Arthur, Jr., 43, 44, 166-167,
168, 169, 173, 3f)2, 486
Hanes, Arthur J., Sr., 43,44,
136-137, 148, 155, 166-167,
168,169, 170,172, 173,362,
486, 488
Hardin, J. C., 247
Harrington, Charles "Izzy," 20,
257-258, 458
Harris, Caro, 226, 259, 478
Harrison, James, 158-159, 269, 460,
464,473
Harry, 261, 354
Hartingh, John, 247
Hayes, Olivia, 196, 203, 231
Hays, Renfro, 44, 100, 148-150, 150
Helms, Richard McGarrah, 85, 87,
88,416,417,440,443, 446,
449, 454, 463, 464, 465, 485
Hendrix, Ray Alvis, 139, 193, 276,
289,478
Herbert, 419, 420, 425, 430, 436,
489
Herman, Ken, 150-151, 152, 157,
180, 182, 183, 184, 193, 202,
211-212,213,222,227,229,
234, 237, 240, 241, 242, 253,
254, 256, 263, 265, 266, 298,
313,315,316,319,322-323,
329,338,343,345, 349,
365-366,373,374,378-380,
387, 393, 403, 406, 409
Herron, Matt, 59-60
Hersh, Seymour, 456
He Slew the Dreamer (Huie), 54-55
Hester, Joe, 286, 304
Hester, 0, D., 393
Heymann, Philip, 108, 109
Hickory Stick bar, 205, 239
Hill, Janice, 429
Hill, John D., 426, 427, 428,
429-430, 479
Hill, Thurston, 365
Hilton Hotel, television trial jury
and, 266-267, 276, 277
H.L.H. Products Inc., 244, 351
Hoax CB radio broadcast, 31,54,
60, 152, 199, 207-208, 231,
259-260, 277, 287, 297-298,
481
Hodges, Joe "J. B.," 191, 210,
256-257, 265, 275, 296, 481
Hoffa, Jimmy, 115-116, 355, 371
Holiday Inn Rivermont Hotel, 225,
457
electronic surveillance of,
217-220, 246, 292, 305, 415,
457,458,470-471
King's speech at, 19
reservation at, 118-119,470
reservation change to Lorraine
Motel, 60, 269, 274, 282, 297
Holloman, Frank C., 14, 19,31,
101, 126,133,210,217,226,
250-252,447,452, 477
Holt, Frank, 315, 320-321, 320-322,
323--324, 326-330, 339, 360,
384,393
Home Box Office (HBO), television
trial and, 181,183, 188,191,
490
Honorary degrees, to King, 121
Hood, Clement, Sr., 162
Hoover, J. Edgar, 14, 21, 248,4 17,
447,456, 478, 485, 495
Army and, 440
books on assassination and, 295
conspiracy theory and, 46
electronic surveillance of King
and, 248, 304-305, 463
fingerprints of Ray and, 37
Harvey's Restaurant and, 28
Hunt and, 350-351, 352,
353--354, 464, 481
King and, 4, 36, 60, 88-93,
98-100,113, 115, 119, 121,
122, 143, 246-247, 248, 282,
299, 304-305, 350-351, 353,
354, 442, 453--454, 463, 464,
469
Mafia and, 146, 244, 352
Marquette honorary degree and,
121
media and, 115-117, 119-120
Office of Security and, 83-84
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference and, 112, 123
Vietnam War opposition and,
440-441, 493
House Intelligence Committee
report, 52
House Judiciary Committee, 52
House Select Committee on
Assassinations (HSCA), 52,
62-65, 68, 163, 487-488
Alton, Illinois bank robbery and,
265, 295, 48-4887
ancillary volumes, 112, 126-130
Baird and, 140,141, 142
ballistics and, 286, 289
Blakey and, 61, 63-64, 65, 91-92,
108, 111, 123, 125,487
COINTELPRO and, 161
conspiracy theory and, 107-110,
124-130, 487
Davis and, 227, 229, 230
death slug and, 221
Ellsberg affidavit and, 90, 91-92,
99, 100
Fauntroy and, 89, 90, 91, 92, 98,
99, 100, 277-278, 299, 487
FBI involvement and, 99, 487
Kimbel and, 162
Lane and, 277
Liberto and, 131-134
Mafia and, 146, 147
Mustang and, 155
Patterson and, 64-65, 487
Raul and, 261, 272
Jerry Ray and, 62, 64, 106-110,
125,277,295, 298
John Ray and, 62, 108-109, 125,
277,295
Ray's files sealed by, 362
Ray's innocence and, 260
Ray's prison escape (June 1977)
and, 260,368
Redditt and, 251
report, 111-127,487
Rosenson and, 137-139, 261, 288
Sartor and, 205
security for King and, 226
Sprague and, 63, 487-488
Howell, Ronald B., 226
Huckaby, Hasel, 222-224, 292, 423
Huie, William Bradford, 54-55, 60,
Huie, William Bradford (Cont.)
104-105, 166-167, 168, 169,
255, 277, 487
Human, Kenneth, 42
HUMINTS, 443
Humphrey, Hubert, 35, 458
Hunt, Bunker, 244-245, 351
Hunt, E. Howard, 147
Hunt, H. L., 162, 244-245,
349-354, 464, 482, 485
Hunt, Mary, 399
Hunt Oil, 350
Hunt, Tom, 351
Hurley, Charles, 156, 199, 202,
262-263, 290, 296, 384
Hurley, Peggy, 156, 199,202,290,
384
Huston, William, 22!)
Hypnosis, for television trial,
262-263, 296, 384, 387

I
I Am A Man, 363
Illinois Central Railroad building,
421, 429, 458, 460, 475, 481
Immunity, for Jowers, 312-315,316,
372, 381, 491
Indian Trail restaurant (Winnetka),
70, 186
Ingram, William, 12, 98, 209
Inside Story: Who Killed Martin Luther
King, 160-165,175,184
Institute for Media Analysis, 233
Intelligence Emergency Operation
Center (IEOC), 424
International Association of Police
Chiefs, 452
International Trade Mart, 374
Invaders, 9-10, 15, 193, 220, 265,
459,471, 479
agent(s) provocateurs and, 9, 61,
130
assassination and, 98, 250,
257-259, 276
FBI and, 258-259
Index
March 28 march and, 270, 471
Memphis sanitation workers'
strike and, 14-15, 20, 27, 28
surveillance of, 9-10, 129-130,
152,258-259,291-292,458
television trial and, 196
Investigative Records Repository
(IRR), 413

J
Jackson, Jesse, 20-21, 246, 258, 389
Jacks, Steve, 367
James, Fob, 417
J.D., 463,476,479,481,484, 485
Jefferson, Thomas, 10
Jensen, Robert G., 46, 101, 159,
460, 473
Jerry, 387
Jim's Club, 78
Jim's Grill, 30, 56, 60, 77, 78, 79,
96, 100-101, 102, 139, 140,
153, 154, 155, 157, 163-165,
186, 191, 193, 196-197,209,
213, 217, 222, 232, 248, 262,
275, 381, 382, 473, 476, 477
Big Lena, 252, 254, 255, 382
Rosie Lee Dabney and, 100, 236,
237-238, 252, 341, 382
"eggs and sausage" man in,
100-101, 164, 238, 240, 382
Holt and, 315, 326, 328
layout, 265-266
Mustang in front of, 157,
290-291, 477
rifle for assassination at, 232,
235-236, 238, 273, 342, 389,
394, 395,397,477,478,479,
480,482
Rosetta and, 252, 341
see also Jowers, Loyd; Spates, Alda;
Spates, Betty; Smith, Bobbi
Jim's Place, 102
John, Jim, 349
Johnican, Minerva, 181, 199,200,
201
Johnson, Harold, 417,448,451,
467,468,485
Johnson, Jim, 243, 244, 245, 261,
262,350
Johnson, Lyndon B., 87,451,454,
459, 484, 485
antiwar groups and, 84
civil rights and, 6
decision against reelection and,
21
Hunt and, 353
King and, 4, 5, 34, 452, 454
New Politics versus, 5
urban riots and, 468
Vietnam War and, 4, 445, 446,
447,449-450,451,454-455,
457,467, 470
Johnson, 0. B., 133
Jones, Columbus, 393
Jones, Solomon, 29, 31, 60, 94, 95,
97, 126, 129, 151, 159, 160,
185, 193,208,210, 231, 253,
257, 296, 299, 360, 390
Jones, T. O., 13
Jowers, Loyd, 30,96, 100, 101,229,
232, 234, 235-236, 312-328,
337-338, 474
Akins and, 316, 320-321, 325,
327, 360, 384, 393
assassination and, 157, 195, 222,
235, 264-265, 315-316,
319-320, 324, 325, 326-331,
341,342,343,384,385,469,
478, 479, 483
book or movie on case by, 337
deposition, 380-384, 385, 405
Garrison and, 393-3965
Holt and, 315, 320-321, 323,
326-330, 339, 360, 385, 394
immunity for, 312-315, 316,
318-322, 372, 380, 491
Frank Liberto and, 239, 320, 381,
384, 393--394, 469, 472, 476
Pierotti and, 340
Raul and, 394-395, 404, 472,
475-476
Ray v. Jowers et als. and, 363, 379,
407-408, 410, 490-491
rifle for assassination and,
164-165, 232, 235-236,238,
239, 248, 262-263, 273, 275,
293, 341, 342, 343, 360, 391,
394-395, 475, 480, 482, 483
television trial and, 271, 296-297,
298
see also Jim's Grill; Spates, Betty
Justice Department, 389, 485

K
Karamessines, Thomas, 446
Karenga (Ron Karenga), 419
Kauffmann, John, 124
Kellum, Jim, 212, 386, 392, 422,
433
Kelly, J. K., 112
Kelly, Merrill, 455
Kennedy, Edward M., 4
Kennedy, Florence, 106-107,
109-110
Kennedy, Jay Richard, 84, 446
Kennedy, John F., 52
assassination of, 103, 112, 162,
370, 371
Kennedy, Robert, 33, 420
assassination of, 103
King and, 21, 36
Mafia and, 63
presidency and, 21, 456, 470
Kennedy Travel Bureau, 40
Kent, Oscar, 229, 294, 296, 300
Kershaw, Jack, 104, 255, 277, 297,
486
KGB, assassination and, 234
Kimbel, Jules "Ricco," 161-162,
193, 243-244, 261-262, 276,
297, 299-300, 378
King, Alfred Daniel ("A.D."), 27,
31, 142, 283
King, Coretta, 32,33,47, 53
King, George, 44
King. Glynn, 288, 336
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 458-461,
462-463, 493-494, 494, 496
attempts to kill, 140-144,
462-463
birthday of as national holiday,
119
"black probe" operation and,
123
books on, 353-354
CIA and, 83-85, 463, 464
contract to kill, 243, 386-387,
393-394, 395, 464, 468
extramarital sexual activity,
113-114, 119-120, 122,219,
292
FBI and, 36, 60, 85, 88-93, 96,
98-100, 112-124, 128, 216-220,
223, 232, 247, 248, 250,
258-259, 275, 276, 282, 286,
292, 295, 299, 303-305,
350-351,352-353,361,454,
462, 464, 469, 471
funeral, 31, 35-36
Grand jury investigation and,
332, 334, 362, see also
Evidentiary record,
establishment of
honorary degrees to, 121
Hunt and, 244-245
media and, 114-119, 233, 277,
282, 299, 470, 475, 486
Memphis sanitation workers'
strike and, 11-18,27,117-118,
454, 455, 456, 469-470
National Conference for New
Politics and, 466
Nobel Peace Prize to, 122, 143,
462
nonviolence and, 28, 220, 451
452, 457, 469, see also Marches,
in Memphis
Office of Security and, 83-85
Poor People's Campaign and, 10,
14, 15, 18,20,21,22,55,113,
117, 282, 458, 468
as presidential candidate, 4, 5, 7,
84, 116, 464
security for, 54, 61, 126, 130,
224-226, 231, 249-252, 274,
275, 282, 296, 472, 473, 477
surveillance of, 36, 113, 115,122,
126, 161,217-219,231,258,
261, 276, 292, 303-305, 414,
415, 416, 424, 432, 432-434,
440, 441, 442, 443, 451,
454-455, 456-457, 458, 460,
463,469,470,471,473, 487
urban riots and, 444, 445,
451-452, 465
Vietnam War opposition and,
4-5,6-7,10-11,113,116,441,
442, 443,444,446,449, 451,
452-453, 464
see also Army; Assassination;
Conspiracy theory
King, William B., 201-202, 283,
298-299, 364
Kirk, William "Tim," 135-136, 189,
190, 212, 262, 265, 268, 277,
297, 300, 366, 368, 385-386,
464, 489-490
Kizer, Bobby, 385
Kohlman, Ray, 268
Kohn, Aaron, 370
Ku Klux Klan, Army and, 415, 454
Kyles, Samuel "Billy," 19, 29,
151-152,224, 281-283, 392,
399, 460, 479
King's last hours and, 28-29, 95,
159-161, 274, 478-479

L
Lancaster, Steve, 458
Landers, Torrence N., 191,
256-257, 480
Lane, Mark, 53, 60-61, 64, 66, 68,
88, 91, 92, 105, 106, 129, 135,
138,148,233,277
Lansky, Meyer, 352
LANTCOMN/CINCSPECOPS, 426
Latch, James, 205, 241, 378-379,
477
Latimer, James M., 101, 102-103,
202-203,240
Laue, James, 22
Lau, Thomas Reyes, 37
Lawrence, William, 102, 222, 250,
258, 259, 422
Lawson, James, 12, 13-14, 15, 16,
19,20,22,68, 90-91,92, 131,
132, 220-221,224-225, 226,
246, 291, 307, 334, 355, 366,
456
Le Bunny Lounge (New Orleans),
371
Lee, Bernard, 4,21, 30,31,220
Lehner, Robert, t)2, 138
Leland, Lee, 147
LeMoyne College, 208
Lesar, James, 77, 247
Lester, Herbert, 334
Levinson, Stanley, 5, 6, 441
Lewis, Dwight, 321)-327
Liberto, Frank Camille, 131-134,
162, 163, 193, 205, 206,
212-213, 227-230,231,239,
244,247,249,315,320,325,
328,335,336-337,348,349,
357-359,367-368,379,
380-381,382, 385, 386,387,
393-394,469,477,485
Liberto, Frank (in automobile
business), 212
Liberto, Frank (owner of Frank's
liquor store and Green Beetle
Tavern),212
Liberto, Gladys, 379
Liberto, Liberto and Latch (LL&L)
Produce Company, 24, 132,
248, 257, 275, 379, 382, 477
Liberto, Salvatore J., 134, 161-162,
163, 243-244, 371
Liberto, Tony, 379
"Life Line" programs, 351, 353,
464, 481
Light, Job, 277
Light, John, 265, 295
Lincoln, L. J., 446
Linville, Barry Neal, 255-256,
288-289
Liuzzo, Viola, 166
LL&L Produce Company, see
Liberto, Liberto and Latch
Produce Company
Locke, Harvey "Ace," 149-150
Loeb, Henry, 12, 13, 21, 31
Loenneke, Ed, 202, 283-284
Lomonosof, Alec, 243
Long, Huey, 149
Long, Robert, 229
Lorraine Motel, 22, 61, 98, 119,
151, 159, 193, 222, 245, 246,
387,388,398, 401, 456,470,
472, 473, 475
Caldwell at, 163, 184, 185
FBI on, 118, 471
Kyles staying at, 28-29, 1 ()O,
282-283
MacDonald at, 224
Ray's rooming house having view
of, 56,94-95, 149,190
reason for King staying at, 225
reservation change from Holiday
Inn Rivermont Hotel to, 60,
269, 274, 282, 297
room change at, 60, 97-98, 119,
196,203-204, 231,274, 297,
300, 459, 472
security at, 54, 56, 130, 207, 226,
249-252, 282, 472, 473, 475,
478
surveillance of, 416, 421, 422,
433-435, 459
Los Angeles, Army presence in
1968 in, 418-419
Los Angeles Times, 39
Louisville, Kentucky, assassination
attempt on King in, 140-144,
463
Louw, Joseph, 22, 29, 400
Love, Coy, 2.54, 255, 315, 330
Lovinggood, Clyde 349, 352
Lowery, Joseph, 91
Lowmeyer, Harvey, 35, 36-37, 76
Lucky Electric Supply Company,
223
Lyons, Robert Patrick, 206, 240

M
McAfee, John "Bill," 207-208
McBride, Robert, 443
McCarthy, Eugene, 440, 450, 455
McChristian, Joseph, 493
McClellan, John, 126, 251
McCollough, Marrell, 28, 98,
128-129, 152, 258, 431, 443,
456, 461, 465, 470, 474, 475,
479-480, 487
McCormack, John, ] 14
McCoy, Robert, 361-362
McCracken, Maurice, 161
McCraw, James, 55, 153-154, 156,
164-165, 186, 191, 199,209,
232, 238, 249, 273, 290, 293,
313, 320, 331, 338, 342, 393,
395,483, 491
MacDonald, J. C., 14, 207, 224, 226,
452,475
MacDonald, Sheena, 305, 306
McDoulton, Robert, 247-248
McFerren, John, 131-133, 134, 161,
162, 189, 193,205,212,213,
241, 275, 293, 315, 335, 336,
348-349, 380, 393
McGovern, George, 441
MacKay, Louis, 252, 276, 363
McKinley, John, 351
McMillan, George E., 54, 62, 170
McNamara, Robert, 412, 443, 445,
447, 448, 467
McWerter, Ned, 306-307, 321, 326,
397
McWilliams, Carey, 4
Madison, Commander, 4
Madison, James, 494
Mafia, 103, 130, 161-162, 243-244,
336
assassination and, 102-103,
131-136,137-139,145-148,
380-381,385-386, 393395,
464, 465, 468-469, 477-478,
484-485, 487
Blakey and, 63
contract on King's life and,
386-387
contract on Ray's life and,
367-369, 368, 369, 488-489
Hardin and, 247
Hoover and, 146, 244, 352
Hunt and, 244-245, 349, 352
Kimbel and, 243-244
Latch and, 241
McFerrell and, 132
New Orleans and, 369-371, 385,
386,464,465, 485
Office of Security and, 83
Pepper and, 145
Rosenson and, 138
Sartor and, 100-101,134,
239-240, 248
Special Forces and, 333
television trial and, 193-194,
204-206, 212-213, 275
see also under Liberto
Mail, see Operation CHAOS
Major, 95-96
Making of an Assassin, The
(McMi1lan), 54
Malone, John, 120
Maloney, J. J., 242, 260, 287
Manuel, Phillip R., 126,251,377,
460, 476
Maori, Raul, 163
Marcello, Carlos, 134, 194, 205,
212, 240, 243, 244, 248, 261,
276, 333, 352, 354, 358, 370,
375-376, 385, 386, 405, 430,
464, 465, 467, 483, 487
"March against fear", in Memphis,
15
Marches, in Memphis
April 8, 21, 22, 27-28, 35,
458-459
March 28,18-20, 117-118,220,
274, 282, 291, 458, 470, 471
"March against fear," 115
Marion, Pierre, 234
Marquette University, 121
Marro, Anthony J., 64, 223
Marshall, Tom, 224, 226
Martin, Marie, 74-75, 262
Mason Temple (Memphis), King
speaking in, 17-18, 22-23
Matheny, Mark, 334
Maxey, Hugh, 124
Media
Ellsberg affidavit and, 91,92
FBI and, 53-54, 277
Grand Jury investigation and, 362
King and, 114-119,233,277,282,
299,471, 484
Ray and, 38-39, 40-42, 43-44, 47,
62-63, 74, 82, 171, 233--234,
322-327, 333, 355,484,485,
490-491
television trial and, 233-234, 306,
307, 308
Melanson, Philip, 151-152, 163
Memphis
Green Berets and, 305
Invaders, 129-130, 152, 220, 250
Ray in, 34-35, 37, 43-48, 56, 59,
77-79
sanitation workers' strike in,
11-18,27,36, 117-118, 133,
250, 454, 455, 469-470
Tennessee National Guard in, 19,
20,247,416,424
see also Assassination; Invaders;
Marches, in Memphis
Memphis City Public Works
Department, bush clearing
and, 210, 256
"Memphis Godfather," 306, 484
contract on Ray's life and, 367,
368, 369, 488-489
Memphis Police Department
Army and, 420, 422, 423, 424,
425, 433, 434, 460, 465, 475
assassination and, 30, 31, 93, 126,
185-186, 190-191,275,294,
392,460-461,474,478,480,
481,482
bribery and, 336
burning of intelligence bureau
files and, 61, 482
bush clearing and, 211, 256, 277,
481
death slug and, 255-256, 290
Douglass and, 213--216
FBI and, 221 -222
Hagerty and, 223
hoax CB radio broadcast and, 31,
54,60,152,199,207-208,231,
259-260,277,287,297-298,
480
Huckaby and, 222-223
Invaders and, 259-260, 291-292
at Jim's Grill, 196
Kyles and, 393
March 28 march and, 18-20, 220
Mustang and, 31, 152, 155
Redditt and, 61, 126, 129, 201,
223,231,249-252, 275,296,
473, 477
riot control training for, 217
security for King and, 54, 56,
126, 130,207, 224-226,231,
292-293, 474, 478
Smith and, 216-217,219,220
Stephens and, 97
surveillance of King and, 305
TACT forces withdrawal and, 30,
130, 151-152, 163, 213--216,
224, 231, 274, 275, 282, 293,
296, 473, 476
walkie-talkies and, 223, 224
Young blood and, 100, 101, 102,
103
Memphis Stone and Gravel
Company, 381
Merchant's Lounge, 228
Meredith, James, 15
Michael, 392-393
Milam, Wallace, 356, 360
Military intelligence groups
("MIGs"), 413,414,415,416,417,
418, 422, 424, 429, 431, 434,
435,438,439,440,441,442,
443, 444, 453, 454, 456
Missouri State Penitentiary, Ray's
escape from, 7, 39, 67-68, 70,
242, 488
Montesi's supermarket, 383
Moooney, Booth, 353
Moore, George C., 458, 471
Morris, Bill, 31, 169
Morton, Chuck, 267, 289, 356
Murphy, 411, 417-419, 420,
421-424,425,429,431,475,
481,485
Murphy, Charles, 149, 339
Murtagh, Arthur, 123, 216, 232,
276, 294-295, 464
Mustang(s), 248,289, 467,476,
477,480
in Atlanta, 36-37, 200, 481
at Canipe's Amusement
Company, 30, 56, 59, 60, 153,
154, 155, 156, 186, 197, 199,
202, 214, 236, 262, 274, 284,
477
cigarette butts and ashes in, 36,
200
existence of two, 3(), 153,
155-156, 186,197-199,202,
274, 286, 290-291
fingerprints and, 129, 287
at Jim's Grill, 257, 290-291,475
police chasing, 31, 152
Ray's story on, 72, 78-79, 140
Rosenson on, 261, 288
spare tire repair at gas station
and, 140, 156-157,204,230,
273-274, 383, 476, 477, 478
television trial and, 196-199

N
Nashville Tennessean, 326
Nation, 5
Index
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) , 6, 15
National Civil Rights Museum, 22
National Conference for New
Politics (NCNP), 5, 8-9, 10, 84,
270,447,465, 466
National Council of Churches, 121
National holiday, King's birthday as,
119
National Mobilization Committee,
447
National Security Act, 85
National Security Agency (NSA),
416, 437-438, 445, 446, 466
National Student Association, CIA
and, 87
Neptune Bar (Montreal), 71, 181,
344-345, 375, 466
New Moonnight club (Memphis),
386
New Orleans
Mafia in, 213, 369-373, 385, 386,
393-395, 466,465,485
Ray in, 75,466,471,470
New Politics, 5,7,8-11,84
see also National Conference for
New Politics (NCNP)
New Rebel Motel (Memphis), 77,
78,285,471, 472
Newsom, Floyd, 150, 196, 293, 474
Newsweek, 41
New York, Spring Mobilization
demonstration in, 5, 6-7
New York Times, 38, 115
Nichols, Jim, 266-267
Nichols, Marion, 19, 219
Nick, 103
Nix, Norris, 386
Nixon, Richard M., 116
Nix, Red, 385-386, 464, 469
Nobel Peace Prize, to King, 122,
143,462
Nonviolence, of King, 28, 220, 454,
457,472
see also Marches, in Memphis
Norton, 433, 434, 459, 460, 473,
475,481

O
Oakview house, 236, 237, 384, 385
Obray, Jean, 146, I91, 262, 268,
288, 291-292, 295, 387
Observer, Ray and, 322-323, 325, 491
Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI),
416
Office of Security (OS)
King and, 83-85
Operation CHAOS, 9, 84, 85
police force training sessions and,
217
Project RESISTANCE, 84
O'Leary, Jeremiah, 41
O'Neill, Tip, 62
Operation CHAOS, 9, 84, 85, 446,
465
Operation MINARET, 447, 466
Orange, James, 21, 28, 98, 130, 209,
231, 254, 257, 296, 401, 458,
472, 479
Organized crime, see Mafia
Ortiz, Luis, 237
Osborn, Howard, 84
Otmoor Production, 161

P
Palazolla, Bob, 349
Palazolla, Michael, 349
Palazolla Produce Company, 348,
349
Palazolla, Walter, 349
Papia, James, 285
Partee, 265-266
Partin, Doug, 371-373
Patriarca, Raymond, 145
Patterson, Oliver, 64-65, 233, 277,
297, 487
Payne, Larry, 20, 21
Peabody Motel, 19, 133, 219, 470
Pearson, Drew, 39, 43
Pennington, Lee, 84
Pentagon, assassination and,
425-426
Penthouse, Dalitz and, 63
Pepper, William, 32
as appeals lawyer, 148, I50,
151-152, 158, 174-175, 182,
183
as attorney of record for
television trial, 188-189
closing statement in television
trial and, 304-305
Robert Kennedy and, 36
King and, 6-7, 10
Mafia and, 145
meeting with Ray, 51-53, 66-82
Memphis memorial march and,
35
National Conference for New
Politics and, 5
Jerry Ray and HSCA and,
106-110
security for, 391-392
Vietnam War and, 3-5
Pereira, Amaro (Armando), 375,
376, 377, 378, 405, 465, 486,
490
Pereira, Raul, 373-379, 404-410,
465, 466
Pererz, Martin, 9
Perez, Leander, 162, 244
Pete, 102
Peters, Estelle, 129
Peters, Robert, 141, 142
Phoenix Program, The (Valentine),
316
Photographs, staged, 139, 190-191,
364
Piedmont Laundry (Atlanta), 55,
129, 286
Pierotti, John, 181, 255, 313-314,
315, 318, 3I9, 322, 325-326,
327, 332, 338, 340, 346, 361,
362, 385, 475, 491
Placid Oil Company, 244
Political leaders
Political leaders ( Cont.)
Hunt and, 352-353
King discredited to, 114
Polito family, 352
Poor People's Campaign, ]0, 14,
15, 18, 20, 21, 22, 55, 113, 117,
282, 402, 450, 451, 454, 457,
468
Pope, King meeting with, 120-121
Portugal, Ray in, 40, 80
Powell, Adam Clayton, 459
Presidential candidacy
of Robert Kennedy, 21, 456, 470
of King, 4,5,7,84, 116,464
Presley, Elvis, 380
Press Scimitar, 98, 156
Prime Time Live, 322-325, 337, 383,
491
Prisoners, statements of, 241-242
Project MERRIMAC, 446, 466
Project RESISTANCE, 84
Prosch, Gus, 134, 211-212, 227,
294
Provincial Motel (New Orleans),
75
Pseudonyms, Ray using
Paul Edward Bridgeman, 40, 80
Eric S. Gait, 71, 73, 76, 434-438,
444, 466, 476, 484, 486,
488-489
Harvey Lowmeyer, 35, 36-37, 76
John L. Rayns, 70, 73
Ramon George Sneyd, 39-40, 80,
486
John Willard, 56, 77, 78, 475
Psychological Operations (Psy Ops)
section, 416, 459-460
Public television, Ray interviewed
on, 333
Public Workers Federal Credit
Union, 36
Purdy, Prentice, 390
Putnam, Patrick D., 417,439,442,
451, 452, 455, 463, 469
Puzzle Palace, The (Bamford), 437

R
Rabbito, Barbara, 68,131, 135, 136
Raborn, William P. "Red," 87
Racism, Ray and, 59, 68, 82, 124,
243, 287, 300, 370
Radio broadcast, see Hoax CB radio
broadcast
Radosti, Tony, 370
Ragan, H., 336
Ragano, Frank, 406
Ramparts, 87
"The Children of Vietnam," 4-5
Rancho La Costa California, 63
Randolph, A. Philip, 6, 445
Ransom, 266
Rappe, J. C., 206, 239
Raul, 55, 64, 71-79, 120, 125, 128,
138-139, 149, 155, 187, 188,
261, 272, 288, 316, 325, 335,
344-345, 354, 363, 371, 372,
373, 384, 394-395, 405, 430,
465-466, 467, 468, 469, 470,
471, 472, 473, 475-476, 477,
486, 487, 488, 490
Pereira, 373--378, 405-411, 465
Raven, Frank, 438
Rawls, Wendel, Jr., 107,108
Ray, Anna, 68, 137-138, 139, 255,
333
Ray, Ellen, 233
Ray, Franklin, 197
Ray, James Earl, 377
alibi witnesses for, 139-140, 193,
195-196, 204, 279
appeal, 139-140, 148, 150, 158,
174-175,182,183
deposition (March 1995), 393
extradition from England, 40, 43,
59, 68, 80, 94, 167, 205, 308,
486
FBI and, 36-37, 38-39, 40, 41,
43-44, 47, 60, 68, 242, 260,
368, 438, 486, 487, 488
guilty plea of, 44-48, 53, 59, 80,
96, 104-105, 137, 166-174, 189,
255, 287-288, 297, 308, 332,
335, 346, 367, 486, 489
innocence of, 53, 68, 69, 79,
81-82, 179, 377, 404, 483, 488,
see also Appeal; Conspiracy
theory; Evidentiary record,
establishment of; Television
trial
life, 37, 66-67, 186-188, see also
own story on assassination,
below
media coverage of, 38-39, 40-42,
43-44, 47,62-63,74,82, 171,
233-234, 277, 333, 486, 490,
491
Missouri State Penitentiary escape
and, 7, 39, 67-68, 70, 242,488,
489
murder contract on, 134-136,
212, 265-266, 268, 275, 297,
300, 365-368, 487-489
own story on assassination, 66-82,
139-140,148,188
parole hearing for, 355
racism and, 59, 68, 82, 124, 243,
287, 300, 370
release of, 338, 339-340
search for, 38-40, 42-43
setup of, 475-477
state's case against, 55-59, 94-97,
see also Stephens, Charles
see also Bank robberies; Brushy
Mountain State Penitentiary;
Conspiracy theory; House
Select Committee on
Assassinations; Pseudonyms,
Ray using; Raul
Ray, Jerry, 62, 64-65, 71, 74, 81,
487
Alton, Illinois bank robbery and,
107-109,265,277,295
Foreman and, 168-169, 170, 171
HSCA and, 106-110,125,277,
297
Huie and, 104, 105, 168, 255
letter on Ray's trial and, 170, 172
Pepper and, 346
Raul and, 138
St. Louis conspiracy and, 124
Ray, Jewell, 221-222, 247
Ray, John, 62, 70, 81
Alton, Illinois bank robbery and,
107, 108-109,125, 265, 295
Foreman and, 169
HSCA and, 125
St. Louis conspiracy and, 124
Rayns, John L., 70, 73
Ray v. lowers et als., 363, 379,
408-409, 410, 490-492
Redditt, Edward, 54, 61, 126, 129,
201,224,231,249-252,275,
276,293,389,473,475,477
Reed, William Zellie, 139-140, 193,
276, 289, 478
Reid, Jim, 156-157,210, 273, 290
Religious leaders, King discredited
to, 120-121
Reno, Janet, 491
Reward, for capture and conviction
of assassin, 35
Reynolds, 432-434, 459, 460, 473,
475,480 .
Rhodesia, Ray going to, 42, 59, 71
Richmond, Willie B., 30, 160, 250,
258, 283, 473, 475, 479
Rife, Walter, 67
Rifle, for assassination, 55-56, 78,
102, 103, 129,134, 139, 173,
191, 196,213,385,472, 473
at Canipe's, 30, 59, 94, 136-137,
154, 155, 186,214,236-237,
252, 267, 274, 284, 285, 290,
363--364, 477, 480
at corner of Huling and
Mulberry Streets, 252, 390-391
identifying, 128, 163, 199-200,
221,255-256,267-268,273,
284, 285, 288, 289, 482
lowers and, 164-165, 232,
235-236,238,239,248,
262-263, 264-265, 273, 275,
Rifle ( Cont.)
341, 342, 343, 360, 389,
394-395, 474, 477, 479, 482
at Liberto family business, 393
purchase of, 34-35, 36-37, 55,
76-77, 125, 127-128,211,273,
285, 294, 296, 300, 471
Ray's fingerprints on, 128, 173,
287
testing for evidentiary record,
347,356-357,360,361-362,
392,486,491
throwdown rife, 228, 231
Riley, John, Mrs., 36
Riverbend Penitentiary, Ray at, 394
Rivermont Hotel, see Holiday Inn
Rivermont Hotel
Riverside Church, King's antiwar
speech at, 6, 282, 443
Robberies, 67,71,107, 187
Montreal brothel, 107
see also Bank robberies
Robinson, Cleveland, 5
Robinson, Herbert, 332
Robinson, Wendell, 224, 226
Rockefeller Commission Report, 52
Rockefeller, Nelson, 114
Rose, James, 123, 295
Roselli, John, 83, 146, 147
Rosen, Randy, 74, 467
see also Rosenson, Randy
Rosenson, Randy, 74, 127, 137-139,
193, 261, 262, 272, 288, 335,
336, 354-355, 370
Rosetta, 252, 341
Ross, William L., 204, 245-246, 257,
263,296, 389
Rostow, Walt, 447, 449
Rothermel, Paul, 244-245, 350, 351,
353--354
Rouse, Milford, 351
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
(RCMP), search for Ray by,
39-40
Rumbaut, Carlos Hernandez, 81
Rusk, Dean, 114,447
Index
Rustin, Bayard, 6, 15
Ryan, Ray, 352
Ryan, Richard J., 168,171,172

S
St. Francis Hotel (Los Angeles), 75,
104, 247, 262
St. Joseph's Hospital, 30, 31, 95
St. Louis conspiracy theory,
124-125, 487
St. Louis hotel, 64
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 62
Saltman, Jack, 180, 181, 188, 267,
276, 303, 304, 322-325, 373,
377-378, 404, 406, 407, 409,
410
San Francisco Chronicle, 39
Sanitation workers' strike
(Memphis), 11-18, 27, 36,
117-118, 133,250,369,454,
456
Sartor, William, 100-101, 134,
204-206, 239-240, 248, 348,
487
Satchfield, Caroll, 199
see also Carroll, Carroll
Schaap, Bill, 233--234, 275, 277, 295
Schultz, William, 226
Scotland Yard, 40, 42
SDECE, assassination and, 234
Seabrook Wallpaper Company, 157,
193, 202, 235, 248, 262, 284,
291, 341, 384, 479
Security, for King, 54, 61, 126, 130,
224-226, 231, 249-252, 274,
275, 282, 296, 472, 473, 478
Sehested, Ken, 334
Selma, Alabama, attempted
assassination and, 426
Senate Judiciary Sub-Committee
Report, 52
Senate Select Committee on
Intelligence Activities, CIA and,
88
Sentinella, Al, 123, 158, 464
Sessions, William, 267, 276, 490
Sheehan, Joe, 345
Shelby County Jail, Ray in, 43-48,
166-167
Shoup, David M., 457
Shuttlesworth, Fred, 134, 227, 230
Siegel, Ben "Bugsy," 146
Silberg, Earl, 109
Simmons, John, 343
Sitton, Claude, 184, 299
Slim, 393
see also Hester, 0. D.
Smith, "Big John," 259
Smith, Bobbi, 236, 238-239, 249,
252, 313, 320, 325, 331, 337,
341, 382, 384, 385, 393, 474,
483,491
Holt and, 328
immunity for, 313
television trial and, 271, 275,
293-294, 298
Smith, Coby, 270, 291
Smith, Don, 126, 224, 225-226, 382
Smith, Ezell, 213, 228, 393
Smith, Jim, 216-218, 219, 220, 231,
239,247,276,291,292,
303-304, 314, 321, 326, 415,
450, 456, 470
Smith, John, 292-293, 478
Smith, Peter, 303
Smith, Tommy, 127,209-210,221,
255,273,289,336
Smythe, Hamilton, 382
SNCC, 445, 453
Sneyd, Ramon George, 39-40, 59,
80,486
Sorrequere, Marcel, 234
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC), 11, 13-14,
29, 402, 460, 473, 477
Abernathy and, 51
assassination and, 33
conspiracy theory and, 53
FBI and, 112-113,115-117,123,
158-159,297, 440, 462,464
Invaders and, 28, 459
Lowery and, 91
Memphis marches and, 20-21, 22
Memphis sanitation workers'
strike and, 15, 16
security for King and, 126
surveillance of, 459, 464
Southern Motel (Corinth), 77
Spates, Alda, 236, 238, 239,
252-253,331,383
Spates, Betty, 157, 163, 189, 193,
287, 292, 313, 316, 320, 331,
338, 383, 384-385, 393, 479,
480
Akins and, 343, 359-360
Holt and, 328-329
immunity for, 313, 320
Jowers and, 164, 165, 234-237,
238,252-253,384, 395
Jowers' book and, 339
media and, 325
John Spates and, 253-254
story of to Pepper, 340-344
television trial and, 194-196, 271,
275, 293-294, 298
Tennessee Bureau of
Investigation and, 337-338,
343--344
Spates, Bobbi, see Smith, Bobbi
Spates, John, 253-254
Special Forces Group (SFG), of
Army, 317,333,338-339,345,
347,411,415,417-418,419,
443, 449-450, 455
Special Operations Group (SOG),
85, 88, 416, 418, 446,465, 466
Speiser, Mark, 109
Spellman, Francis Cardinal,
120-121
Spica, John Paul, 124
Spock, Benjamin
Memphis memorial march and,
32,35
as presidential running mate, 5,
7,84, 116-117,441
Vietnam War opposition and, 11,
442
Sprague, Richard, 62, 487-488
Spring Mobilization demonstration,
5, 6-7
Stanley, Gene, 137, 138, 139, 261,
272, 288
Stanton, Hugh, Jr., 44
Stanton, Hugh, Sr., 44, 173, 208,
402
Starlight Lounge (Birmingham) , 72,
75, 76, 470
State's case, 55-60, 136
appeal of, 148, 150, 158,
174-175, 182, 183
ballistics evidence against,
136-137
dissent, 59-63
evidence against, 94-105,
136-137, 139-140, 153-157
Stephens as witness for, 94-97,
153-154, 174,221,231
television trial and, 189
Stein, Charles, 60, 74-75, 127, 162,
262, 370-371, 468
Stein, Rita, 75
Stephens, Charles Quitman, 43, 55,
56, 59, 94-97, 127, 153-154,
157, 167, 174,183-184, 191,
209, 221, 230-231, 273,
284-285, 289, 291, 308, 336,
483
Stewart, Jim Bo, 228
Stiles, Maynard, 13, 210, 256, 296,
365, 421
Stokes, Louis, 138, 147,260, 488
Stone, Charles, 201, 202, 250, 283
Stout, Bill, 97-98
Strother, 321
Subcommittee to Investigate
Problems Connected with
Refugees and Escapees, 4
Sullivan, William C., 113, 455
Summers, Anthony, 244, 365
Supreme Court, appeal and, 175,
365, 490
Surveillance, 275
Index
assassination and, 223-224, 231,
246-247, 248
interagency structure for, 416, see
also Central Intelligence
Agency; Federal Bureau of
Investigation; Office of Naval
Intelligence
of Invaders, 292-293
of King, 249, see also Army;
Electronic surveillance; Federal
Bureau of Investigation
on striking sanitation workers,
250
Sutherland, John, 124

T
T. J., 103, 161
TACT forces, withdrawal of, 30,
130, 151-152,163,213-216,
224, 231, 274, 275, 282, 293,
296, 473, 476
"Tango," 392
Tayloe Paper Company water tower,
193,196-197,315,429,460,
476
Taylor, Alexander, 339-340
Taylor, Calvin, 20, 258-259, 458
Teale, Sarah, 208
Teale Productions, 208
Teamsters, Hunt and, 355
Television trial, 179-308, 490
corroboration and new evidence
and, 207-232
defense case and, 233--248,
272-276
exoneration application to
governor and, 306-307,321,
326
jury tampering and, 266-267,
276, 277, 489
media coverage of, 306, 307, 308
Pepper's closing statement,
301-302
preparations for, 179-191
pretrial investigations, 192-206
Ray's reaction to, 298
trial, 249-302
verdict, 303-308
Tennessean, 332
Tennessee Bureau of Investigation
(TBI), 385
Jowers and, 337-338
Latimer and, 203
Betty Spates and, 337-338,
343--344
Tennessee National Guard, in
Memphis, 19, 20, 248, 416, 424
Tennessee Rules of Criminal
Procedure ("TRCP"), for
television trial, 188-189
Tennessee Waltz (Ray), 148
Termine, Sam, 240
Thames Television, 180, 181, 188,
191,490
see also Television trial
Thomas, Norman, 4
Thompson, Alan, 247
Thompson, Frances, 248, 291
Thompson, Herman, 127, 373
Thompson, Kenneth, 42, 43
Thompson, Russell X., 101-102,
103, 148, 150,202,240
Thornton, Benny, 401
Throckmorton, John L., 444, 448
Tiller brothers, 386, 464
Time, 40-41, 62, 134
Tines, Gradon, 381
Toler, Margaret, 336, 337
Tolson, Clyde, 53, 54, 439
Tompkins, Steve, 304, 316-317,
333, 338-339, 345, 390, 411
Torrino, Felix, 374, 375, 376, 377,
487
Trafficante, Santo, 406
Travelodge motel (Birmingham),
76
Tremont Cafe, 229, 235, 239
Trial
appeals denial and, 148, 150,
158, 174-175, 182, 183, 490
guilty plea and, 44-48, 53, 60, 80,
96-97, 104-105, 137, 167-175
request for, 326, 331, 333,
344-346, 486, see also
Evidentiary record,
establishment of
see also Television trial
Truman, Harry, 85, 86-87
Trumpet Hotel (Memphis), 246
Tucker, William, 31,152-153, 199,
226, 259,298
Turner, Bill, 249, 276, 295
Turner, Carl C, 114
Turner, R. J., 225, 226
Tyson, Brady, 89-90, 92, 98, 99, 144
Tyus, Robert ("Old Pal"), 348, 349

U
Union Theological Seminary, 10
U.S. Army Intelligence Command
(USAINTC), 413,414,415,
416,417,443, 447
U.S. Army Security Agency
("ASA"), 416, 440, 442
U.S. Intelligence Board (USIB), 416
U.S. News & World Report, 115
U .S. Strike Command
(CINCSTRlKE), 415, 424, 425,
453, 458, 459
University of Mississippi, 15, 31
UPI, Curtis and, 241
Urban riots, 444-445, 449-450, 451,
452, 454-455, 457, 464, 465,
467,468

V
Valachi, Joe, 67
Valentine, Douglas, 316, 433
Vallone, Ross, 377, 379, 406
Van Deman, Ralph, 413
Van Tassell, F. E., 440, 442, 469
Vaughan, William, III, 334
Veterans Cab Company, 264, 381
Vickers, W. M., 456
Vietnam Summer, 7
Vietnam War, 441, 442, 446, 450,
451, 452, 454, 455, 457, 470,
471
CIA and, 88
King's opposition to, 4-5, 6-7,
10-11, 113, 116,440,441, 442,
443, 444, 445, 446, 449, 450,
451, 452-453, 464
opposition to, 5, 437, 440,
441-457, 465, 466-467, 493
SOG operations in, 88
Spock's opposition to, 11
surveillance of antiwar groups
and, 84
U .S.-caused devastation and, 3-4,
451
Violence
after assassination, 32, 34
antiwar demonstrations and, 441,
443, 447-450, 452
Memphis march (March 2 and,
19-20, 117-118, 270, 274, 458
urban riots and, 443, 444-445,
450-452, 457, 406, 467, 468
See also Nonviolence
Vivian, C. T., 334
Volpe, John A., 114

W
Wadsworth, Susan, 64, 233
Walden, Grace, 56, 94, 95, 97,
126-127,149,221,238,275,
284, 384, 394, 474
Waldridge, Monroe, 350
Waldron, Martin, 38
Walker, Doc, 243, 265-266
Walker, Jimmy, 197, 290, 296
Walker, Robert, 13
Walker, Rosie, 230
Wall, Fred, 220
Wallace, George, 124
Wallace, Norvell, 150, 196,293, 473
Walridge, Monroe, 244
Walsh, Kevin, 230
Index
Ward, Louie, 387-388, 481, 491
Warren, 338,339,375,411,
418-419,420,421-424,425,
428,429,430,431-432,434,
443,444,455,465,475-476,
479,481,483
Warren Commission Report, 52
Washington, Alda Mae, see Spates,
Alda
Washington, D.C., see Poor People's
Campaign
Washington Post, 47
Washington Star; 41
Watch list, Ray and, 437-438
Watergate, 52
Waters, Charlie, 352
Weeden, Carthel, 401-402, 433,
433,459,473
Weisberg, Harold, 59-60, 77,93,
149, 241-242
Wells, David, 306-307
Wells, Earl, 208, 274
WerBell, Mitchel Livingston, III, 431
West Hunter Street Baptist Church,
160
Westmoreland, William, 441, 452,
454, 455,457,471
Wheeler, Earle, 443, 449, 454, 455,
457
White, Emmanuel, 269-270, 291
White House, assassination and,
425,426
Whitlock, Lavada, 357, 358, 359,
379-380, 485, 491
Whitlock, Nathan, 357-359,
379-380,385, 485
Whitney, Ben, 226
Wilkins, Roy, 6, 15, 44,1
Willard, john, 28, 30, 37, 56, 77,
78,329,476
Williams, Hosea, 21, 28, 32, 158,
226, 294,296-297,300,402
Harrison and, 158-159, 269
King's last hours and, 159-160,
274
Ray's parole and, 355
Williams, Jerry, 224-226, 292, 470
Wilson, Harold, 1 i 4
Winters, Emmett J., 226
Withers, Ernest, 208, 225
Witnesses
alibi, 139-140, 193, 195-196, 204,
279
of assassination, 94-97, 149, 174,
184-185, 188, 201-202, 208,
210, 221, 230-231, 245-246,
253, 283--284, 396-403, 473,
481
for television trial, 188-189
Wolverton, Don, 242-243, 266, 287
Wood, David, 196-197
Wood, Donald, 34-35, 125,
127-128,211
Wood, Mike, 87
Woods, Johnny C., 300
Worley, Robert, 420, 428, 485
Wride, Bert E" 417,471
Wright, Alexander, 194
Wright, Glenn, 180, 181, 288, 292,
303
Wright, James Alexander, 195
Wright, Tommy, 335, 336

Y
Yarborough, William P., 339, 413,
414,416-417,437, 438,439,
440,441,442, 443,444-445,
446,447,448,449,450,451,
452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 458,
463,464,465,466,467,471,
474,479, 485,494
Yawee, Abdul, 265
Yellow Cab Company, 381, 386-389,
480, 481, 483, 491
York Arms Store, 35, 56, 78, 186,
188
Young, Andrew, 10, 18, 28, 29, 31,
32, 89, 90, 92, 98, 99, 159, 160,
459, 472, 474, 475, 477, 479,
484
Army and, 420, 423, 431, 434,
460, 472
Young, Whitney, 6, 445
Youngblood, Walter Alfred "Jack,"
100-104, 148-149, 164, 203,
240, 247, 331, 382, 431, 465

Z
Zachary, N. E., 46, 102, 103, 133,
203, 252, 255, 285, 336, 381
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