Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kennedy

"Science," the Greek word for knowledge, when appended to the word "political," creates what seems like an oxymoron. For who could claim to know politics? More complicated than any game, most people who play it become addicts and die without understanding what they were addicted to. The rest of us suffer under their malpractice as our "leaders." A truer case of the blind leading the blind could not be found. Plumb the depths of confusion here.

Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:34 pm

EIGHTEEN: Chasing Shadows

Brad hoped my BBC film would be a "smoke-out," and in the months following its broadcast, much new information came to light on all three operatives allegedly at the Ambassador Hotel on the night Bobby Kennedy was murdered.

While blogs quickly picked up on the story -- and the Cuban government newspaper, Granma Internacional, gave it a ringing endorsement, splashed across the front page -- not a single U.S. media outlet followed it up.

First out of the gate with a critique online was Jefferson Morley. Within hours of the broadcast, perhaps to placate the Joannides family, he publicly declared the piece "unfounded and unfair ... to make such serious allegations on such flimsy evidence is irresponsible." This was the same guy who, the week before, told me he'd found the "no comment" of the Joannides family "telling."

The following day, we had a robust discussion and Morley amended his comments: "thinly-sourced can be true if the source is good ... [and Lopez's] near-certainty that Joannides appears in the photo ... has to be taken seriously. If Joannides was there, the implications are profound. The CIA must be compelled to abandon its JFK stonewalling and disclose fully about George Joannides' actions and whereabouts in 1963 and 1968."

***

As I worked on my BBC film, I was contacted by Brad Johnson, a senior news writer with a global television network based in the United States. Over the years, Brad had amassed, without doubt, the most comprehensive archive in existence of news coverage of the assassination. Two days after my BBC story aired, Brad contacted me with further sightings of my three CIA suspects.

Together, we reviewed every frame of film or video recorded at the hotel that night by the national networks, local television stations, and independent filmmakers -- almost a hundred hours' worth of material.

Thanks to his ingenuity and much dogged research, we found many more clips of the people we believed might be Morales and Campbell at the Ambassador Hotel that night. We were able to trace the movements of "Gordon Campbell" throughout the evening, with the help of his distinctive blue sports coat and receding hairline, and could also sketch in a rough chronology for "David Morales."

At 12:16 a.m., in the space of five seconds, Robert Kennedy and five others were shot in the pantry. Twenty-one seconds later, "Morales" is first spotted in the footage, not in the Embassy Ballroom, where I first thought, but at the back of the Ambassador Ballroom, one floor below. This makes sense. Kennedy was due to go downstairs for another speech. If he wasn't diverted into the pantry and Plan B had to be activated, "Morales" was ready and waiting.

At 12:47, "Morales" emerged from the pantry and walked into the ballroom among a group of police officers. Moments earlier, a Kennedy volunteer is seen blocking this doorway to the public. The sequence strongly implies that "Morales" is one of the investigators at the crime scene.

At 1:03, "Morales" is clocked comparing notes with the shorter man with the pencil mustache in the darkened ballroom. If this wasn't Morales, who was he? His behavior across all these clips was consistent with a plainclothes operative or undercover cop monitoring the situation, yet there was supposedly no police presence at the hotel at the time of the shooting.

***

British author and former school deputy principal Mel Ayton has devoted his retirement to shooting down conspiracy theories. He was soon taking poor-quality video-grabs of my BBC film and e-mailing them across the pond. JMWAVE veteran Grayston Lynch had been ill when I tried to interview him a few weeks earlier, but after the BBC broadcast, he recovered to tell Ayton that the men in his bootlegged images were not Morales and Campbell.

Lynch subsequently refused to speak to me. His wife, Karen, said Gray was furious at "conspiracy theorists," and in no mood to look at the new material. Her e-mails were friendly, funny but blunt:

If you believe ANYTHING Bradley Ayers has to say on any subject concerning the CIA, I have some ocean front property in Kansas City I would like to try and interest you in. It always amazes me how these weasels ingratiate themselves with the media and have their disinformation spread so unwittingly. Ayers was drummed out of the Agency and has a real bone to pick with them. Sorry, you hit a nerve.

Happy Christmas, Karen
.

***

The Lynches' comments netted out to very little: an agency veteran unlikely to admit it was Morales, whatever the circumstances, and scorn for Bradley Ayers, a man I had come to trust implicitly, for all the vagaries of photo identification. And for the record, Ayers was not "drummed out" of the agency. He resigned his commission when he saw a close colleague thrown out of a helicopter, and his credibility cannot be questioned. Ted Shackley corroborated many key details in Brad's book, and Tom Clines fondly remembered him. Brad had been seconded to the CIA from the army but was not a contract employee, so he was not bound by the secrecy oath, as Clines and Lynch were. His whistle-blowing could not be so easily brushed off.

***

At this point, I thought I had run out of Morales's associates, but Ayton found two more through author Don Bohning, former Latin American editor for the Miami Herald. Manuel Chavez and Luis Fernandez were both in their late seventies and had worked out of the CIA's public office in Miami in the early sixties. For a few months, they worked alongside Dave Morales before he moved to JMWAVE.

Ayton had e-mailed "six sets of very grainy and dark photos" to Chavez, who tried to enhance two of the better ones in Photoshop and sent them on to Fernandez. This did not sound ideal for comparison purposes, so I contacted the extremely receptive Chavez and sent him a DVD of best-quality images to review instead.

Manny Chavez first met Morales in Caracas, Venezuela in February 1957. Chavez was the assistant U.S. air attache and Morales was assigned to the CIA office in the embassy. The families were close until Morales left in the wake of the coup in January, 1958.

Chavez saw Morales again in Miami in late 1961 when he was working out of the CIA's public office downtown for a few months before he moved to JMWAVE.

Manny said the 1959 photo "looks almost exactly as I remember Dave Morales," but some of the later photos of Morales in the seventies were foreign to both him and Luis -- "Could there have been another Dave Morales?"

***

Once my DVD arrived, Manny got to work immediately: ''After reviewing it alone twice, I then called Bernice, my Managing Director of 63 years, and ran it for her, also twice. We then carefully looked at it together and concluded it probably is not the David Morales that we knew in Miami and Caracas.

"Yes, there is some resemblance -- tall, dark complexion, but we both agreed that there are two essential differences. The David Morales we knew during 1957/58 and again in 1961/62 had a much rounder and darker face and a full set of black hair. The person in the photo has a receding hairline that I do not recall David Morales having."

On further analysis, Manny thought that the Morales he knew was also shorter and fatter than the man in the video. Manny then sent the DVD on to Luis Fernandez.

"I reviewed the DVD that you sent three times," he wrote, "and conclude that the person who is shown walking around in the crowd and then sticking his head around the corner of a partition is not David Morales with whom I worked in Miami."

Manny asked Luis if he had any doubts. "Definitely, he is not Dave Morales," said Luis. "This person seems taller, more slender and lighter color. Dave was fat, round faced and darker complexion, like a true Mexican Indian, whereas those of the man in the DVD are of an African-American."

"Shane, this is our honest opinion," wrote Manny. "We have no reason to withhold or cover-up any information on the identity of David Morales. Had Bernice and I had any doubts, we would have said so, and I am sure that Luis Rodriguez feels the same way. Rest assured I will try to help you get the truth to the best of my ability, even if I later learn that I may have been wrong."

Manny continued to help me get to the bottom of things, and the candid, guileless generosity of both him and Luis made me seriously reconsider the ID of Morales for the first time.

***

I also followed up with Felix Rodriguez, who had worked with Morales for several months in Vietnam. "Last time I saw Dave Morales was in early 1972 [when] I visited him in Na Trang. I saw the clip and definitely that is not Dave Morales. I scanned the picture you sent me and I sent it to my former supervisor in Vietnam. He also agrees with me that the man in the picture is not Dave Morales."

Clines's former supervisor was Rudy Enders, a colleague of Morales at JMWAVE. "I mentioned to him the name of Gordon Campbell and he knew him well since Gordon was his boss in Miami, but for your information, Gordon Campbell died in 1962 at the CIA facility in Miami from a massive heart attack and my friend was there when it did happen. You better check your sources on that. This will be easy to verify by you with Gordon's family or the agency."

Well, the agency refused to verify the identities of previous employees, so they weren't going to be any help. But I wondered how Gordon Campbell could have died in 1962 if Bradley Ayers met him in 1963? Tom Clines never mentioned him dying; he said they'd sent him up to Canada.

"I just talked to Rudy," Felix replied, "and he assured me that Gordon Campbell died in front of him; he was one of the people who tried to revive him. He said Bradley Ayers was in training and did not work with Gordon Campbell and if Tom Clines said that, he was probably thinking of someone else, since Gordon Campbell died right in front of him. Just for your info, another retired agency officer under Rudy at the time told him that he can attest that Brad Ayers arrived in Miami long after Gordon Campbell died. He read Brad's book and said he thought it was ... all lies and fabrication. I guess your source is not very reliable. Felix."

Clearly, these old agency hands had no liking for Brad, but this account of Campbell's death didn't make sense.

Did Brad just make up all those details about Campbell in his whistle-blowing book in 1976? Any kind of fabrication would have made it easy for agency veterans to instantly destroy his credibility and defeat the purpose of the book. That didn't make sense. It was curious that former colleagues had waited thirty years to start attacking a work Shackley and Clines had previously corroborated. I seemed to have touched a nerve.

***

But as I began to edit my feature documentary, I was out of time and money to do any more research in the States. Then, just before Christmas, I received a very excited call from journalist David Talbot, who was completing his first book, Brothers, on Robert Kennedy's response to his brother's death. Talbot was intrigued by this new evidence and had secured funding from the New Yorker magazine to follow up my investigation. His coauthor would be Jefferson Morley, who admitted "I spoke too soon in November."

***

It was a risk to share my research with other journalists, but if I didn't have the resources to carry the investigation further, I was glad they did. I sent David what video and photographs I had so they could verify and perhaps build on my findings with the best materials available. Talbot and Morley hit the road to investigate my story over the next six weeks, and David called with updates along the way. Their initial focus was on Joannides.

They started off knocking on doors in Washington, brandishing the ballroom photograph to aging associates in doorways to a chorus of denials. But the Joannides family themselves remained tight-lipped, sticking to a frosty "no comment."

***

Next stop was North Carolina. Talbot and Morley took HSCA investigator Dan Hardway out to lunch and had the face-to-face meeting Ed Lopez had recommended. While at first Hardway hadn't wanted to get involved, now he opened up and said, yes, the man in the photo was Joannides.

I called Hardway several weeks later, and he still clearly remembered his days at the HSCA with Lopez. "We were arrogant young kids, trying to intimidate CIA clerks into giving us records." Joannides was brought in to get them under control and slow the process down. He totally changed the access program. Hardway remembered him as "imperious, with a contemptuous look." He saw Joannides only two or three times at most.

"When I first looked at that photograph," he said, "I thought, 'That's not him.' But then I thought, 'I'm fifty-four now and Joannides was fifty-four when I knew him.' I realized how quickly your appearance changes at that point in your life, added to the fact that Joannides had heart trouble."

So while he couldn't be positive, he told me his exact words to Talbot and Morley, from the look of the man at the Ambassador and the way he was standing, was that "he could very well be the guy that I remember -- I'd be surprised if it wasn't him."

***

Ed Lopez reconfirmed his identification to Morley and Talbot, so as they traveled down to Florida, the congressional investigators said it was Joannides, while Washington friends said it wasn't. In Miami, they quickly found another member of the DRE who recognized Joannides. Isidro "Chilo" Borja was the military director of the DRE and now runs an air-conditioning business in Miami. As he later confirmed to me, he met Joannides only a couple of times, forty years earlier, but yes, the man in the photograph looked like Joannides.

The last leg of Talbot and Morley's journey took them to see Joannides's former station chief in Saigon, Tom Polgar. Word came back that before Talbot and Morley mentioned his name, Polgar identified Joannides in the photograph. Polgar also identified the blond man in horn-rimmed glasses in the other ballroom photographs as James Critchfield, the CIA's chief in the Middle East at the time.

This was extraordinary. But a couple of weeks later, according to Talbot, Polgar realized the import of what he'd said and backtracked. He no longer thought it was Joannides.

I called Thomas Polgar to clarify all of this. He was now eighty-five years old, a very friendly, lucid, open man with a strong Hungarian accent. He had looked up my story on the Internet after Talbot and Morley's visit and recalled their meeting. They had briefed him on what they wanted to talk about -- namely, George Joannides, James Critchfield, and David Morales.

Polgar didn't know Morales, but Joannides had worked for him as a branch chief in Saigon for most of 1972. When he was shown the ballroom photographs, Polgar told Talbot and Morley -- and later confirmed to me -- that the man at the Ambassador was "not incompatible" with the Joannides he knew in Saigon, but he couldn't positively identify him.

Polgar identified the third man as "not incompatible with James Critchfield." He first met Critchfield in 1949 and would have seen him again in 1968 at one of the group meetings of senior CIA staff. Polgar left Washington for South America around that time, while Critchfield was in charge of the Middle East and Germany.

Even if it was Joannides in the photograph, Polgar didn't see any great significance. "Politically interested people were always attracted by free drinks at a party for a big primary. There was no Internet then; it was a big social occasion. A lot of agency people traveled commercially through Los Angeles en route overseas, and the place to stay was the Ambassador. Joannides could have been on home leave." He advised me to check the registered guests at the hotel. ''A senior officer like Critchfield wouldn't travel on a false passport and would have registered under his real name."

I asked if Joannides's presence could suggest something darker. "If it was a planned assassination, they wouldn't have been within a thousand miles of there," Polgar said, adamant that senior officers would not have been involved in something like this.

***

In the early seventies, Critchfield married his third wife, Lois, herself a CIA officer. When he got back to Washington, Jeff Morley showed her the photograph, but she denied it was her late husband. He also contacted Timothy Kalaris, son of the former CIA counterintelligence chief and nephew of Joannides. "That is not my uncle; I can tell you that," said Kalaris. "I don't know how anybody who ever knew him could say that's him."

***

While Talbot and Morley were on the road, the death of legendary CIA operative E. Howard Hunt was announced, and a few weeks later, his memoir, American Spy, was published. Hunt called Morales a "cold-blooded killer ... possibly completely amoral" and on March 21, Rolling Stone magazine ran an interview with Hunt's eldest son, St. John, titled "The Last Confessions of E. Howard Hunt."

In 2003, Hunt thought he had months to live. He was bedridden with lupus, pneumonia, and cancer of the jaw and prostate, and gangrene had forced the amputation of his left leg. As he faced death, he spoke to his son about the planners of the JFK assassination. He scribbled a crude diagram connecting LBJ at the top to senior agency figures Cord Meyer and Bill Harvey (who first brought Morales to JMWAVE). The arrows continued down to the names "David Morales" and "David Phillips." A line was drawn from Morales to the framed words "French Gunman Grassy Knoll."

Hunt had worked with Morales and Phillips on the Arbenz coup in Guatemala in 1954. Phillips recruited Joannides as his deputy in the psychological warfare branch at JMWAVE and worked closely with Morales throughout his career. Morales admitted to Ruben Carbajal and Robert Walton that he was in Dallas, and before he died, so, famously, did Phillips. He called his estranged brother, trying to make his peace, and his brother asked, "Were you in Dallas on that day?" "Yes," said Phillips, and his brother hung up.

***

As the Hunt circus played out in the media, the last leg of David Talbot's trip took him to meet the two eldest daughters of Morales, Rita and Sandra (a pseudonym). A few months later, I spoke to them myself in ninety-minute conversations, during which they talked openly about the legends that have grown around their father.

Morales joined the army at twenty, in April 1946, and was sent to Germany three years later, to be based at the European Command in Munich. Within a year, the CIA's intelligence chief in Germany, Richard Helms, requested clearance for Morales to "be enrolled for basic cryptographic training." Helms would rise to CIA director by the time Robert Kennedy was assassinated.

Joan Kerrigan was half Irish and half Scottish and grew up in Boston. After college, Catherine Gibbs Secretarial sent her to work for the CIA in Germany, and there she met and married Morales in March 1951. Their first daughter, Rita, was born the following year, and Joan's boss became Rita's godfather and recruited Morales as a contract agent for the CIA.

A second daughter, Sandra, was born fifteen months later, but when the family came back from Germany in October 1953, her maternal grandfather, a first-generation Kerrigan, didn't meet them at the airport because he didn't approve of the mixed-race marriage.

According to Rita, Morales joined the army "because he was dirt-poor, everyone else was joining and it seemed a way out" of the barrios in Phoenix. "If he hadn't met our mother and joined the CIA, he would have left the army at the end of his tour and gone back to Arizona. He felt he got lucky and owed his good fortune to the company and would never have gone rogue or jeopardized his status."

After returning to the States, Morales spent the next ten months on PB Success, planning the Arbenz coup in Guatemala, and soon became a permanent CIA employee. After a posting in Venezuela, he was transferred to Batista's Cuba in May 1958, as an attache at the U.S. embassy. On Sundays, Morales would take his kids into the office, and they'd play on the typewriters.

There were eight kids in the family -- seven of whom are still alive -- and they lived with Morales during all his postings except Vietnam (his family was part of his cover). Growing up, Morales's daughters remembered their father as a stern disciplinarian with a hot temper. "It wasn't a democracy. It was a monarchy and he was in charge." He was a distant workaholic. "He didn't strive to know us," remembered Rita. "I never took any money for college because I would be tied down by him .... He had a chip that he had to work harder being Hispanic, but when he wasn't drinking, he was a good guy."

Morales never discussed politics, and they found out only late in his life that he voted Republican. But Sandra clearly remembered her Bostonian mother going to vote in 1960, wanting Kennedy to win.

In October 1960, the family moved to Miami, where they stayed for the next five years. Morales grew very close to the Cuban exiles as he was put to work on JMARC, a Cuban invasion plan that would end so disastrously at the Bay of Pigs.

***

Rita was in sixth grade when President Kennedy was shot in Dallas. She remembered her father being home that evening and showing no reaction to what had happened. He never spoke about the Kennedys. Sandra thought he was home that evening but was less certain. She couldn't see him as a shooter in Dallas, though: "He was a wingtip-and-white-shirt guy. I always saw him in a suit .... I never saw him with weapons or target shooting."

If he wasn't a shooter, could he have masterminded the operation? "Who knows?" said Sandra. "I've no knowledge of that. Just he worked for the CIA, and they probably did a lot of stuff."

The family had heard about the recent Hunt revelations through a brother-in-law. Could Morales have been at a planning meeting for the assassination? "He might have been there," said Rita, "but who were the others? He didn't organize it. Who was above him? If my father got a direct order to do it, I'm sure he did it. He knew the type of people who could get the job done."

***

In June 1965, Morales was posted to Peru. His own cover history statement reads: "I was detailed to the Agency of International Development (AID) as a Public Safety Advisor. After attending the International Police Academy, I was assigned as one of two senior public safety advisors to the Peruvian National Police (Guardia Nacional) as a counter-insurgency advisor." This was the same program used by Pena and Hernandez.

CIA records indicate that Morales stayed in Peru until February 1967 and shipped out to Laos in late 1967, where he would be reunited with Ted Shackley as a "community development officer," again under AID cover. The gap in his CV between these postings fits the time frame of the search for Che Guevara perfectly. The hunt formally began in late April, when sixteen Green Berets were sent over to train the Bolivian search team. Guevara was captured and shot on October 9.

Morales's daughters said he was in Laos for about a year before the family followed. He would come home for a month at a time and be gone for five. He built them a house, and Rita remembered arriving in Vientiane on July 4, 1968. It took them two weeks to get there, traveling through Japan and Hong Kong with their father. Sandra confirmed these dates. She was going to school in Massachusetts at the time of the RFK assassination. School got out around June 20; then they left for Laos. Morales met them in Japan, and they spent a week there before traveling through Hong Kong and Thailand to Pakse.

Morales never left Laos afterward, so Rita didn't think he could have been in Los Angeles, but these dates place the beginning of their trip East two weeks after the assassination. Sandra thought that Morales would have been in Laos on June 5, and he was the boss, so it wasn't like he could disappear for long periods without it being noticed. But the family was not with their father until at least two weeks after the shooting of Robert Kennedy.

The family stayed in Laos for a year and then moved back to the States. Morales went on a two-year tour to Vietnam in October 1969, and when he came back, he'd go on three-month temporary assignments to places such as Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina -- supporting Ruben's tales of the Morales officially retired on July 31, 1975, but he continued to consult for the company. He bought a place in Flagstaff but his doctors said he couldn't handle the altitude, so they moved out to Wilcox, Arizona, and lived in a mobile home while building a new house on 186 acres of land seventeen miles outside of town. Sandra debunked stories that the house was alarmed like a fortress -- there were no alarms, and they never locked the doors.

***

In January 1978, Rita had her first son, Morales's first grandchild. They went to Wilcox to see him in March, and after the trip, Rita told her sisters he wouldn't live much longer. He was coughing badly, smoked a couple of packs a day, "drank horribly" (he was an alcoholic), and "ate terribly."

Morales finally died in May 1978 of a massive heart attack brought on by his alcoholism and an existing heart condition. His daughters emphatically stated that his death was not suspicious. An autopsy requested by Sandra showed that one of his ventricles was enlarged.

***

"The company" contacted the family in the "eighties or nineties" to ask if they could publicly release Morales's personnel file, but the family had a meeting and said no, because all their names were in the file. Many of Morales's records were finally released in the late nineties under the JFK Records Act.

***

When it came to the man at the Ambassador, both daughters were clear. They did not think it was their father.

Rita thought her father was more broad-shouldered than the guy in the video and had a very dark complexion, with stronger Indian features. The man at the Ambassador looked African American to her, with a "cafe au lait complexion" and a higher hairline. "My father always had a full head of hair; it never even thinned before he died. It was gray when he came back from Vietnam but black before then, and he always wore a heavy mustache."

Sandra also pointed out noticeable differences: "The way he turned his head doesn't look like my father. He has a pointier nose, he's younger, and the bottom of his face is different. My father had broad, full lips; a broad nose, almost flat, and was very dark skinned, darker than the guy in the video." She thought the man at the Ambassador looked like a light-skinned black man. Her father was five-eleven but this guy was taller, and by 1968, her father had salt-and-pepper hair and a heavy "walrus" mustache.

I had expected Morales's daughters to be defensive, but they weren't that way at all. Rita had done a lot of research on her father, and both daughters were familiar with Gaeton Fonzi's book The Last Investigation. "He may have done a lot of stuff I don't want to know about, but those were the times," Rita said. But she was annoyed at the legends that have grown up around her father. She said Ruben Carbajal was "full of shit and delusional -- he and my father were so drunk, they could have been saying anything." Her mother was now in her eighties -- "she has good days and bad days but generally she doesn't want to talk about it. I don't think she'd talk to you."

When we spoke, Rita's son -- the grandson Morales saw before his death -- was now grown up and preparing to ship out to Iraq. He'd inherited his grandfather's intelligence and personality, she said. He'd watched my BBC story on the Internet and said it didn't look like his grandfather.

***

When Sandra first met David Talbot, she showed him a family photo taken in Laos during the year after the RFK assassination. It convinced Talbot and his assistant that "the Morales in the picture (who looks very similar to other published photos of Morales) is not the Ambassador man." But Sandra didn't want to release a family photo to the media or get involved, so I had to take David's word for it.

The mixed evidence he found on his trip led the New Yorker to pass on the story. Talbot concluded, "I still wouldn't be surprised if it turns out there was an intelligence operation at the Ambassador that night. It just needs a lot more reporting to pin it down. And unfortunately, as is often the case on Kennedy investigations, Jeff and I ran out our thread. I do believe that Morales probably played some role in the RFK killing (and certainly did in the JFK plot). But the Ambassador photo story, to me, is a blind alley."

***

A couple of months later, after my discussion with Sandra, she realized the importance of photographs of her father in laying the story to rest. She didn't want to release the family photo but found three others from the same time period and sent them to me and David. One was a tourist snapshot taken in Cuzco, Peru, in 1966 or 1967, Sandra thought. It shows an overweight Morales with a mustache, salt-and-pepper hair, and a high hairline.

The two other photographs were from Morales's tour in Vietnam (1969-1971), three or four years later. Morales wears a bolo and has radically slimmed down.

The flat, distinctive nose and high hairline are the consistent features across these photographs, but if you weren't looking for a match, the Morales in Peru and the Morales in Vietnam seem like two different people. It's quite bizarre how Morales seems to have changed so much from one year to the next.

When I compared these photographs to the video of the man at the Ambassador, my gut reaction was the same as Talbot's. It didn't seem to be the same person.

But when I sent these new photographs to Bradley Ayers and Wayne Smith, it merely reinforced their previous identifications. They accepted that these were authentic pictures of Morales yet were equally sure he was the man at the Ambassador.

***

I was subsequently contacted by Morales's son, Frank (a pseudonym) who had seen my film on YouTube: "My initial impression is the person you identify as my father is not him, the gentleman seems to have a lighter skin complexion, his hair does not seem to match nor his facial features. His build is also not heavy enough to match my father's during that time period ... I would like to assist you in your quest for the facts, to include providing you photos of my father during that time period."

When I sent Frank a DVD of the video clips of his father, it confirmed his initial impression: "It is not my father. I believe the person shown is of African-American heritage, he seems to have short curly hair, my father's hair was wavy. Also the depicted individual has a smaller chin and a lighter complexion than my father. He seems taller than my father, who was 5ft 11-1/2 inches, and that person has a smaller build than my father."

***

Photo identification is notoriously difficult, and obviously I never met David Morales. These images are of insufficient quality for biometric testing, so it comes down to a judgment call. While I have great respect for the identifications of Ayers and Smith, when I look at the photographs objectively, the man in the photo at the Ambassador seems to me a different person from the man in the photos provided by the Morales family. It can be argued that his family and former colleagues have a vested interest in protecting his name, but my sense from the family, Manny Chavez, Luis Rodriguez, Ed Wilson, and, even now, perhaps Ruben Carbajal, is that they were giving me their honest opinion.

But while I may have misidentified David Morales in the video, that does not mean he wasn't at the Ambassador Hotel. I simply identified a different person. While I greatly appreciate the openness and wealth of biographical detail shared by the Morales family, they couldn't account for their father's whereabouts on June 4-5, 1968, and the CIA has declined to provide Morales's travel records.

The fact remains: Morales said he was in Los Angeles the night Bobby Kennedy was shot. Bob and Florene Walton heard him implicate himself in the shooting, and Ruben Carbajal's suggestion that he was visiting his daughter was clearly not correct. But where do you go with that?

***

When Sandra changed her mind and released the photos, she asked that they not be attributed to the family because "that would start other stories." Unfortunately, when Talbot and Morley published them online in July 2007 in an article detailing their investigation, they credited Morales's daughters.

The same article also saw the release of the first alleged photos of Joannides. Two prints showed him at a CIA party in Saigon in June 1973, five years after the assassination and before he met Lopez and Hardway.

Morley noted, "Joannides wears glasses as did the man in the BBC report, but he has a more pointed jaw, larger ears, a different hairline, and a more olive complexion. The CIA declined to release Joannides' travel records. Most likely, he was in Athens in June 1968."

But when I showed the new photos to Dan Hardway, his view remained unchanged. He found the two sets of photos compatible with each other and the man he knew in 1978. He'd still be surprised if the man at the Ambassador wasn't Joannides. Ed Lopez didn't know what to think as he tried to reconcile two images of a man he knew thirty years before.

***

While the Morales ID was in grave doubt and the Joannides ID was under question, very little had emerged regarding Gordon Campbell. Rudy Enders had told me he died of a massive heart attack in 1962, and now another JMWAVE officer, Mickey Kappes, told David Talbot the same story. I knew that Kappes and Enders were neighbors in Florida -- was this a "red herring"?

No, it seemed legitimate. Jeff Morley dug up a Miami Herald obituary from September 21, 1962, for a Colonel Gordon S. Campbell, a World War II veteran who moved to Miami from Washington twenty years earlier and was a maritime consultant. He was to be buried in Arlington National Cemetery. This was the same man I'd previously found listed in the Miami phone book.

Enders said Campbell was "a yachtsman and army colonel who served as a contract agent helping the agency ferry anti-Castro guerrillas across the straits of Florida .... I was right there when he died," he told Morley. "He was getting a drink at the drinking fountain [at JMWAVE].... He stood up and started shaking, and he collapsed and we tried to revive him. We gave him mouth to mouth resuscitation and it just didn't work. It was a real bad heart attack."

Campbell's death certificate, which identified him as a "maritime adviser," states that he passed away on September 19, 1962. Morley and Talbot concluded, "He could not have been at the scene of Bobby's Kennedy's assassination on June 5, 1968, because he died in 1962."

***

But this was an extraordinarily pat statement. Consider the facts: Colonel Gordon S. Campbell died in September 1962 at JMWAVE in Miami at the age of fifty-seven. In the summer and fall of 1963, Bradley Ayers worked closely with a man who introduced himself as "Gordon Campbell," as meticulously detailed in his book. This man was forty years old and could not have been fifty-seven, according to Brad. He was known around the station as "Gordon Campbell" and was the man Ayers later recognized at the Ambassador.

What's so strange about this is that while Campbell supposedly died before Bradley Ayers arrived in Miami and was much older than the man Ayers knew, the profile in the obituary -- a maritime consultant -- fits the man Ayers knew precisely.

Why had Tom Clines told me that after JMWAVE, Campbell was sent to Canada to act as the CIA liaison there? Neither he nor Grayston Lynch mentioned anything about Campbell dying of a massive heart attack in 1962 -- something you might expect regulars at the station to remember.

Had Bradley Ayers fabricated his entire association with Campbell, as first published in 1976, predating my investigation by thirty years? If he was going to invent a case officer for his book, why choose a guy who had died of a massive heart attack the year before he arrived?

It didn't make sense. The possibility that Ayers had invented his "Gordon Campbell" seemed highly unlikely, since so much of his book had been authenticated over the years. Ted Shackley, Tom Clines, and official CIA records all confirmed his service at JMWAVE.

Perhaps there were two Gordon Campbells. Or perhaps the dead man's name was used as a cover identity by the man Ayers knew, as was common at the agency. Either way, I needed to find out if the man Brad knew at JMWAVE was really the man at the Ambassador.

***

I went back to the new sightings of "Campbell" in the footage located by Brad Johnson.

At 11:29 p.m., a burly man in a mustard-colored coat called out "Mike," and "Campbell" joined a group at the back of the ballroom, shaking hands, laughing, and apparently gesturing at the TV cameras behind him. At 11:52, Campbell walked toward the exit with a colleague, but he was back among the same group at the back of the ballroom as Kennedy made his speech.

As Kennedy left the stage, the crowd began to disperse, and a minute or so later, Kennedy was shot. As cries from the pantry ignited panic in the Embassy Ballroom, we see "Campbell" walk forward from the back of the room toward the commotion. It's clear he was not coming from the pantry but had been watching the speech from the back of the ballroom. The Latin man with the mustache had also been watching the speech, a little closer to the stage. When I obtained a new, clean transfer of the original "Campbell" footage, it was also clear that he was holding his right hand across his chest as he walked through the room but his hands were empty. There was no container and no disguised weapon. Why he held his hand across his chest and why the Latin man was waving toward an exit remain a mystery.

At 12:52 a.m., "Campbell" was still in the Embassy Ballroom, listening to interviews with witnesses Booker Griffin, Kristi Witker, and Cap Hardy.

***

When I showed Bradley Ayers this footage, it reinforced his identification of Campbell. The stance, bearing, behavior, and facial expressions all called to mind the man he knew at JMWAVE. While to me Campbell seemed jovial and at ease, Brad read him as nervous, in anticipation of something.

But who was the group with Campbell? Why the seemingly jovial mood? I had seen this group before in a photograph taken just before Kennedy's speech and included in the police investigation files. The LAPD had circled a number of these men and written their names on the back of the photograph.

A man similar to "Campbell" was shown in profile, but his hairline seemed a little different, and at first I disregarded him. Seeing "Campbell" in this new footage, I realized this was also him in the police photograph.

The LAPD identified him as Michael Roman, and the burly companion who called out "Mike" was his brother Charles. The group were salesmen for the Bulova Watch Company, attending a regional sales conference at the hotel from Monday, June 3, to Thursday, June 6. Twenty-three Bulova guests were registered at the hotel, the largest corporate group in residence. Michael D. Roman, it turned out, was vice president and national sales manager of Bulova.

***

Roman was finally interviewed by the FBI on November 26 while attending a seminar at Harvard: "He stated that he was in the Embassy Room at the hotel around midnight [during the speech and] remained in the room when Kennedy and a group departed and went through the kitchen area. Roman stated he heard the shooting and was subsequently advised Kennedy had been shot. Roman had never seen Sirhan previously, and had no reason to believe anyone else was involved in the shooting."

The weekend after the assassination, Roman was in Chicago for a divisional meeting, giving sales tips to the Chicago Times. According to an article in the Business section, he commanded an ad budget set to rise to seven million dollars.

Was Roman a legitimate businessman, crisscrossing the country to regional sales meetings and by chance winding up at the Ambassador? Or were Roman and Campbell the same person? Sales manager at Bulova was an ideal cover identity -- the sales convention gave him every reason to be at the hotel in the days leading up to the shooting.

***

I started to research Michael D. Roman, immediately coming across his obituary. He shared a birthday with Robert Kennedy -- born on November 20, 1918, and died suddenly on December 22, 2002.

The New York Times turned up several articles on Roman, the most interesting dated August 3, 1964. Under the headline "Vice President Named by Bulova Watch Co." appeared a photograph of Michael D. Roman, instantly recognizable as the man at the Ambassador: "The election of Michael D. Roman as a vice president of the Bulova Watch Company was announced over the weekend by Gen. Omar N. Bradley, chairman of the watch manufacturer."

***

Roman's promotion was announced by General Omar Bradley? Dwight Eisenhower and Omar Bradley were the only surviving five-star generals in the army. Campbell was working for Bradley, for a watch company that was having its sales conference at the hotel where Kennedy would be assassinated? It boggled the mind.

***

In Bradley's autobiography, A General's Life, he told how his connection to Bulova started. For two years after the war, Bradley was head of the Veterans Administration and took a special interest in the highly successful Joseph Bulova School of Watchmaking, which provided free training for disabled veterans, and guaranteed work placements at American jewelry stores.

Bradley visited the school often and became close friends with founder Arde Bulova and his brother-in-law, Harry D. Henshel, who was vice chairman of the company and had received a Bronze Star for organizing the airlift of supplies for Bradley during the Battle of the Bulge.

In 1949, Bradley became the first chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, stepping down in August 1953 to become chairman of Bulova Research and Development Laboratories, a subsidiary of the Bulova Watch Company devoted to the development of precision defense items.

Bulova had just built a state-of-the-art ten-million-dollar factory in Jackson Heights, Queens, focused on secret defense research. Bradley would advise Bulova scientists on military needs, and while Bulova continued to make jeweled watches, clocks, and radios, defense work accounted for 40 percent of sales. When Arde Bulova died in 1958, Bradley was named chairman of the Bulova Watch Company, and in fiscal 1959 the company delivered "more than twenty million dollars in defense items to the armed forces on sales of fifty-eight million dollars."

***

Over the next eight years, Bradley helped the company double annual sales, lobbying the Senate Armed Services Committee to maintain tariffs on watch imports so that the United States would not become "the only major power without a watch manufacturing industry." He argued that the watch industry was essential to national security and made significant contributions to national defense and space technology.

In the summer of 1967, Bradley went to Vietnam on assignment for Look magazine to report on the war. After a two-week tour of the battlefront, Bradley was convinced that Vietnam was "a war at the right place, at the right time and with the right enemy -- the Communists."

After a winter at the races in Southern California, he bought a new custom-designed home on a hilltop in Beverly Hills and was one of the "Wise Men" advising Johnson on his war strategy through the spring of 1968. Bradley's diaries at West Point show that he traveled to the Bulova offices in New York on May 31, 1968 and returned to California on the evening of June 6.

I don't associate a much-loved war hero with a political assassination lightly, but if Campbell was operating undercover as Michael D. Roman, Bradley was a powerful connection.

***

The problem was that Michael D. Roman seems to have been too busy selling watches to take on extra work for the CIA. He'd worked his way up through the jewelry industry since his days carrying sample bags for the Gruen Watch Company in Chicago in 1936, at age seventeen. After military service in World War II, he became Midwest sales manager for the company before joining Bulova in the early sixties.

In 1976, Roman became chairman and executive director of the Retail Jewelers of America, the national trade association for the industry. On his retirement in 1995, he was hailed as "a giant in our industry" and, shortly before his death, was honored by the American Gem Society with a Lifetime Achievement Award, one of the industry's highest honors.


***

Michael Roman's son was quite surprised to receive my call but extremely open and cooperative. I was making a film on Robert Kennedy, I said, and had been told his father may have worked for U.S. intelligence. At first, he thought I had the wrong person. Michael D. Roman of Bulova? Oh, yes, that was his father all right, but working for the CIA? "That's a new one on me."

His father had told him he was at the Ambassador Hotel the night Kennedy was shot and that the CIA interviewed him afterward (actually, it was the FBI). But he had no knowledge that his father had ever done intelligence work.

"Although it is exciting to think my father had a double identity," he wrote later in an e-mail, "in checking with my mother and sisters, no one had any suspicions that my father was something else besides a businessman. Both my mother and I recall the circumstances of him being in the same hotel as Robert Kennedy -- that being a sales meeting for the Bulova Watch Company .... I can only assume, with our family's association with his co-workers over the years and his awards from the industry, that he did work at his vocation full-time. Thus, I suggest that Mr. Ayers is mistaken in his identification."

Roman's son graciously allowed me to e-mail him the ballroom photographs and he shared them with the family. At first, Roman wasn't sure the bald man was his father. One sister said he looked gaunt, but another said it was definitely him, and the rest of the family soon agreed. One sister had worked alongside her father for some time and dismissed the idea that he could have been a high-ranking executive while also a spy as ludicrous.

The Roman family also recognized the figure of "Joannides" in the photographs: "Both my sister and mother confirm the darker-haired man (looks a bit like Henry Kissinger) is Frank Owens. He died a number of years ago and his wife may also have passed away or is at a care facility.... "

***

Owens was a regional sales manager for Michael Roman, and seems to match a "Frank S. Owen" from New York interviewed by the FBI on October 21. Owen registered at the Ambassador on June 4, listened to Kennedy's speech in the Embassy Ballroom, and remained there during the shooting.

I made a follow-up call to Roman a few weeks later. He had searched for "Gordon Campbell" on the Internet and was curious about the controversies in the case. I ran him through the history and significance of these new characters -- Bradley Ayers, his relationship with Campbell, and Brad's belief that Michael D. Roman was a "dead ringer" for Campbell.

The key point I took from our conversation was that Roman's son was in high school in 1963 and didn't remember his father being away for any length of time. His father was working in New York and living with the family in Connecticut, so the idea that he was living on a houseboat in Miami, conducting a secret war on Castro, seemed impossible.

***

Did Roman and Owens lead double lives as CIA operatives Gordon Campbell and George Joannides? It seems highly unlikely. The identification of the "Joannides" figure in the photograph as Roman's colleague Frank Owens seems to drain away any remaining possibility that the two men standing in the ballroom were once colleagues at JMWAVE.

I now believe the Campbell and Joannides identifications are, most likely, a case of mistaken identity. Of course, it bothers me that of all companies to have a sales convention at the Ambassador Hotel that day, it would be Bulova, headed by the most senior army general in the nation. But coincidence does not always mean conspiracy, and once more, the search for possible accomplices left me chasing shadows.

Image
Triptych of David Morales in Havana, 1959, and in Vietnam, 1969-1971.

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George Joannides, Saigon, 1973.
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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:43 pm

NINETEEN: What Really Happened?

Sirhan is guilty. Sirhan said he was guilty. If he isn't guilty, it's the sweetest frame in the world.
-- John Howard, Sirhan prosecutor


As evidence of CIA suspects at the hotel began to unravel, something extraordinary happened, and, again, American journalist Brad Johnson was behind it.

In spring 2004, as I was still writing my screenplay, Brad was listening to a little-known audiotape of the shooting that had been largely overlooked for nearly forty years. The audiotape ran about thirty minutes and the quality of the recording was poor, but in the crucial five seconds of gunfire, Brad was sure he heard more than eight shots.

The audiotape had been recorded on a hot new item in the summer of 1968 -- a battery-operated portable cassette recorder. Its proud owner was Stanislaw "Stas" Pruszynski, a Polish reporter living in Canada who had taken a sabbatical from the Montreal Gazette to cover the presidential race for a book on U.S. politics. Attaching a microphone to his recorder, Pruszynski taped Kennedy's speech, gathering quotes he could transcribe later for his book.

In September 2004, Brad traced Pruszynski to Warsaw, where he was now a well-known cafe owner, and got some background on Pruszynski's whereabouts at the time of the shooting and how the recording was made. In spring 2005, Brad contacted Phil Van Praag, an electrical engineer with thirty-five years' experience in the audio industry and the author of a seminal textbook on sound recorders.

"The very first time I heard it," recalled Van Praag, "I was not impressed at all, but I thought, 'I'll take this back with me and just put it on my instruments and just see what's there.' And when I did that, the spark was ignited."

***

On June 6, 2007, the Discovery Times Channel aired the one-hour special Conspiracy Test: The RFK Assassination, the centerpiece of which was an examination of the never-before-broadcast Pruszynski recording by Van Praag and several other audio experts, which provided startling new evidence of a second gun.

The producers visited Pruszynski in Warsaw to authenticate the recording, and he identified himself in footage at the hotel. He described how after the Kennedy party left the stage, he stooped down to pick up his recorder from the west side of the podium, gathered up his microphone, and walked across the stage toward the pantry. As he walked down three steps on the east side of the stage, the first two shots were fired.

At this moment, Pruszynski was about forty feet southwest of where Kennedy was standing, and unaware that his tape recorder was still recording. His mic was pointed upward in his direction of travel, toward the pantry. Two sets of open doors allowed the sounds of shots to carry to his microphone, and the sounds of these shots got louder as Pruszynski moved through the door at the east end of the stage and into the backstage corridor that led into the pantry.

The resulting tape is the only known audio recording of the shooting of Robert Kennedy -- not that Pruszynski realized this at the time. There were so many radio and TV reporters there that night, he never thought the shots on his tape were anything special. But it turned out everybody else had stopped recording after the speech. Reporter Andy West and Don Schulman's interviewer Jeff Brent switched on their recorders again only after the shots were fired. Pruszynski never followed the controversies in the case and eventually left journalism and returned to Poland after the fall of the Soviet bloc.

***

The LAPD didn't ask Pruszynski for his tape on the night of the shooting, and he went back to Canada. Later, however, American friends who'd been with him at the hotel told authorities about the recording. In early 1969, the FBI asked the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to interview Pruszynski in Montreal. A reel-to-reel dub of the recording was sent to the FBI, and they forwarded it to their lab in Washington for analysis. Pruszynski kept the original.

With the limited technology available back then, the FBI concluded there was nothing of investigative value on the tape but did send copies to their Los Angeles office and the LAPD. The police never examined the recording but, unlike other evidence, managed not to destroy it, and it was among materials transferred to the California State Archives in 1988. It sat there, relatively unnoticed, for another sixteen years until Brad's discovery.

***

In September 2005, with Brad's assistance, Van Praag convinced the director of the California State Archives to let him make high-quality copies of the CSA's open-reel dub of the Pruszynski recording. Van Praag played back the tape once, making five simultaneous recordings of the tape on five different recorders, both analog and digital, to gain as many perspectives on the audio as possible.

Van Praag believes the California State Archives dub is a fourth- or fifth-generation copy. The original is missing, believed lost by Pruszynski.

Van Praag then spent months analyzing his recordings with different types of decks, electronic recording equipment, and computer programs back at his laboratory in Tucson, Arizona. He knew that Sirhan's gun held eight bullets and he didn't reload, so more than eight shots would mean a second gun was fired in the pantry.

Through careful and meticulous analysis of the five second sequence of shots, Van Praag made two sets of startling discoveries: "I have located approximately thirteen shot sounds," he said. "Now, I cannot absolutely guarantee that thirteen is the correct number. However, it's greater than eight; I can certainly say that."

Logically, a second weapon would not fire in perfect synchronization with the first, so Van Praag next looked at the detailed intervals between the shot sounds.

"Within the thirteen captured shot sounds, there are a couple of instances of what I call 'double-shots' -- two shots that occur so closely together ... they couldn't really have come from a single weapon. It simply isn't possible to fire a weapon that fast." Sirhan didn't have two guns, so this again clearly pointed to a second gunman.

Van Praag located these "double-shot sound intervals" between shots three and four and shots seven and eight. One second comprises 1,000 milliseconds, and Van Praag measured one of these "double-shot" intervals as 120 milliseconds, just over a tenth of a second.

The Discovery Times producers then hired firearms expert Phil Spangenburger to do a test with the same .22-caliber Iver Johnson Cadet model revolver Sirhan had used. Firing off eight shots as fast as he could, Spangenburger's best time was 2.93 seconds, averaging 366 milliseconds between shots. When he tried to fire two shots as fast as he could, the interval was 550 milliseconds.

***

The producers then sought a second opinion from forensic audio specialists Audio Engineering Associates in Pasadena, just two miles from the Sirhan family home. Van Praag brought along his master recordings and the machines on which they were recorded, "to present as accurate a reproduction of those recordings as possible."

Company owner Wes Dooley, a member of the American College of Forensic Examiners, examined the recording for a couple of days with his associate Paul Pegas. They independently concluded that there were at least ten "shot sounds" on the recording, including one "double shot."

Dooley sent a digital dub of the Pruszynski recording to Eddie Brixson, a forensic audio and ballistics expert in Denmark. He also confirmed at least ten gunshots, including a "double shot" interval between shots six and seven.

Van Praag had previously explored whether the second shot sound in the "double shots" could be an echo or a ricochet, pinging off a door frame or the ceiling. He ruled both out and Dooley agreed, reasoning that a .22-caliber bullet travels at a thousand feet per second, similar to the speed of sound, "so if it's twenty feet from one side of the room to the other, that's only twenty milliseconds, so I'd say this is not a ricochet; this seems to be another shot."

***

The shots also had an interesting pattern. There were two shots, then a second-and-a-half pause, then the rest of the shots in a fairly brisk cadence at intervals of a third of a second or half a second, except for the double shots. This seemed to fit witness descriptions of two shots, then a pause, then a barrage. It also echoed Karl Uecker's claim that he grabbed Sirhan's hand after the first two shots and had pushed him away, when the shooting started again.

What this seemed to indicate was that Sirhan started firing, his gun arm was diverted by Uecker after the second shot, and then the "double shots" and "extra shots" started as a second gun began firing from behind and to the right of Kennedy.

There was a dissenting opinion from Phillip Harrison, an English forensic audio expert who had examined the recording for author Mel Ayton, unaware of the other tests and before the Discovery Times program aired. Harrison found only seven shots on the Pruszynski recording, with possible locations for an eighth shot that weren't clear. The problem was that once again, Ayton had not researched the recording properly.

Ayton had provided Harrison with a copy of one of Van Praag's new master dubs, without giving him the necessary context in which the recording was made. He wasn't told the location of Pruszynski's microphone and how it was moving closer to the pantry as the shots were fired, information that is critical to an accurate analysis of the recording.

***

Van Praag continues to examine the recording for further layers of insight into what happened in the pantry during those crucial five seconds, and he was to present his findings to the sixtieth-anniversary scientific meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in Washington, DC, in late February 2008.

But thanks to his pioneering work, and Brad's relentless journalism, we have, for the first time, independent, stand-alone forensic evidence to establish a second shooter in the pantry.

"There's a lot of conjecture, and there always will be, as to how many shots were fired," said Van Praag. "However, there had to have been more than one weapon involved."

***

We no longer need to rely on extra bullet holes in the pantry door frames and ceiling panels -- evidence the LAPD destroyed before Sirhan's appeal. We no longer need to visualize Sirhan's gymnastics as he somehow managed to fire into Kennedy's suit coat at an upward angle of eighty degrees.

We have a new paradigm, based on a high degree of scientific probability, that two guns were fired that night. We can now go back to the two firing positions William Harper first described in 1970: Firing Position A, several feet in front of Kennedy, from where Sirhan missed the senator but hit the rest of the shooting victims; and Firing Position B, behind and to the right of the senator, from where a second gunman fired the shots that hit Kennedy.

An analysis of the sequence of shots suggests the second-and-a-half pause after the first two shots gave Uecker reaction time to lunge at Sirhan and grab his gun hand. Eddie Minasian saw Paul Schrade fall first, and Kennedy asked, "Is Paul okay?" suggesting that Schrade was hit with Sirhan's first shot and that his second hit Kennedy. Sirhan's arm was then diverted away, and between shots three and four, Van Praag found the first "double shot interval." From this we can infer that Sirhan got off another shot before or just after Uecker grabbed his hand; then the second gunman started firing.

In October 1993, Dan Moldea interviewed coroner Thomas Noguchi about the sequence of Kennedy's wounds. "The injury to the back of the right ear ... would render him helpless. Kennedy could not be standing if he had such an injury. He would collapse to the floor .... The bullet from the .22 had a great deal of power. Striking the hard bone and the bone shattering would have taken him off his feet .... That means the other shots must have been prior to the senator collapsing."

How did Noguchi explain Kennedy's raised arm at the time of the other three shots? "Kennedy could have been waving his arm to guard off from an oncoming assailant ... or he could have just heard the gunfire and then raised his right arm, whereby his shoulder pad was raised and the bullet went through, not striking his body." Either he saw the gun, raised his arm, and ducked, or heard the first shot hit Paul Schrade behind him.

Noguchi concluded that the sequence was as follows: "The shoulder pad shot as he was raising his arm, the two shots to his right armpit ... and, lastly, the shot to the mastoid .... In other words, the nonfatal wounds first and then the fatal wound."

Noguchi thus described the fifth shot as the one that killed Kennedy. If Uecker was correct in saying that he grabbed Sirhan's hand after the second shot, how could the fatal shot have been fired by Sirhan?

***

This new audio evidence seems to vindicate key eyewitnesses like Kennedy aides Paul Schrade and Frank Burns, TV producer Richard Lubic, and photographer Evan Freed. For forty years, they have all insisted that Sirhan never got close enough to fire the fatal shot described in the autopsy. Yet they were never asked about this at trial. Even witness Vincent Di Pierro, who thinks Sirhan acted alone, provided further evidence of extra bullet holes with the orange turtleneck suppressed by prosecutor John Howard.

But there are still other questions to be resolved. Sirhan fired eight shots and Kennedy was hit three times, with a fourth bullet passing clean through his shoulder pad. If Van Praag's thirteen shots are correct, Harper's firing positions make sense. The second gunman fired five times, accounting for Kennedy's three wounds and the shot through his shoulder pad.

But if there are only ten "shot sounds," as two of the audio experts say, the second shooter fired only twice, so Sirhan must be responsible for two of the shots fired within an inch of Kennedy. Which two? The two armpit shots were fired at almost contact distance an inch apart, so these must have been fired by the same shooter. The shot through the shoulder pad was from a similar firing position and even steeper trajectory, but the fatal shot came from a much shallower angle.

It's possible, then, that Sirhan hit Kennedy under the armpit while a second gunman fired the fifth and fatal shot that killed the senator. But if any of Sirhan's bullets hit Kennedy, it would prove he had come within an inch of the senator, contrary to what the witnesses saw.

We must also remember that the firearms panel examiners in 1975 concluded that the Kennedy neck bullet, the Goldstein bullet, and the Weisel bullet all came from the same gun. Goldstein and Weisel were clearly in Sirhan's line of fire, so Sirhan may well have hit Kennedy under the armpit before a second gunman applied the fatal shot just behind Kennedy's right ear. But how two gunmen could get so close to the senator without anybody seeing them is a mystery. While this new forensic evidence is extremely exciting, there is still much work to be done.

***

Two guns would further implicate the LAPD's Scientific Investigation Division in a cover-up. If at least ten shots were fired, it's likely the two extra bullets were, indeed, those reportedly retrieved from the center divider between the swinging doors of the pantry. Where did these bullets go? Two spent slugs with wood tracings were discovered under a newspaper on the front seat of Sirhan's car almost twenty-four hours after the shooting. Were they planted there, or did Wolfer just get rid of them? DeWayne Wolfer and his colleague, William Lee, both now retired, should be called to testify.

***

If, as now seems likely, there were coconspirators, who were they? I thought my CIA suspects provided the answer, but while my original confidence in their identifications has slipped away, the "Morales" figure in the video still troubles me. If he's not Morales, who is he? He seems to be there in some sort of law enforcement capacity, yet we're told there were no police or other agencies present at the hotel at the time of the shooting. Who is his companion with the pencil mustache? What agency were they working for? And why does "Morales" emerge from the pantry with police investigators forty minutes after the shooting?

Serious questions also remain regarding the recruitment of Pena and Hernandez to marshal case preparation, conspiracy allegations, and the background of the Sirhan family -- the three crucial areas that backstopped conspiracy. The connections to the Office of Public Safety here are alarming. Given Morales's high profile in Latin American operations at the time, it's quite possible he came into contact with the Hispanic LAPD officers, either on assignment in South America or at the International Police Academy in Washington.

The main suspect for a second gun over the years has been security guard Thane Cesar. He currently lives in the Philippines and has never been called to testify under oath. A new inquiry could also seek testimony from Sergeant Paul Sharaga and Sandra Serrano, who are still around to testify to the girl in the polka-dot dress.

***

If there were two guns, where does this leave Sirhan? Dan Moldea once asked him if he was part of a conspiracy.

"Do you think I would conceal anything about someone else's involvement and face the gas chamber in the most literal sense?" replied Sirhan. "I have no knowledge of a conspiracy .... I wish there had been a conspiracy. It would have unraveled before now."

"Why don't you just accept responsibility for this crime?" Moldea asked.

"It would be a hell of a burden to live with -- having taken a human life without knowing it.... It's not in my mind, but I'm not denying it. I must have been there, but I can't reconstruct it mentally."

Sirhan clearly was not aware of any conspiracy. There is also nothing to indicate he was paid to kill Kennedy, and he has consistently stated he acted alone. The "Please pay to the order of" in his notebook is probably Sirhan daydreaming of the belated insurance check he would receive for his injuries after the fall from the horse. It's curious that Sirhan's choice of the crowded pantry also gave him very little hope of getting away.

***

So the choice to the reader seems a simple one: either Sirhan consciously premeditated the murder of Bobby Kennedy in cold blood and has lied about it ever since, fooling highly experienced psychiatrists and his defense team with a seamless, unerring performance over forty years; or he honestly does not remember shooting Kennedy due to spontaneous amnesia, caused either by the trauma of the shooting or a memory block initiated by an unknown programmer.

Our view of the case boils down to whether we believe Sirhan when he says he doesn't remember the shooting or the writing in his notebooks. If we don't believe him, we simply accept the cold-blooded murderer portrayed by the prosecution and discount the near unanimity of the psychiatrists who said he was a paranoid schizophrenic with diminished capacity. But we must also ask why an assassin who sacrificed his freedom for his country chose to remain anonymous while in custody and didn't proclaim his cause until the middle of the trial eight months later.

***

I have tried to quote Sirhan himself at great length in this book -- his interviews in custody, the psychiatric sessions, both in and out of hypnosis, his volatile court testimony, and his interviews with Jack Perkins, William Klaber, and Dan Moldea -- because listening to Sirhan speak about this case, both in and out of hypnosis, is the most persuasive evidence to me that he had no conscious awareness of committing the assassination.

This view is shared by the two men closest to Sirhan as he struggled to recover his memory of the shooting -- Dr. Diamond and Robert Blair Kaiser. Diamond believed Sirhan was in a dissociated trance state induced by the mirrors at the hotel, and programmed himself to shoot Robert Kennedy. He was extremely brave in calling it as he saw it and risking his professional reputation with a theory so "preposterous, unlikely and incredible."

While Dr. Spiegel contested his diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, Diamond's sense that Sirhan had been programmed proved prescient in light of later revelations about the CIA's "preposterous, unlikely and incredible" MKULTRA program. If Diamond had known of such CIA testing in 1969, he might have placed more stock in the idea of an outside programmer.

Harold Blauer (1910 – January 8, 1953) was an American tennis player who died as a result of injections of a mescaline derivative (code-named EA-1298) as part of Project MKULTRA, a covert CIA mind-control and chemical interrogation research program, run by the Office of Scientific Intelligence. Blauer had no knowledge of the experiment being performed on him, and after his death the experiment was covered up by the state of New York, U.S. Government, and the CIA for 22 years.

Blauer was voluntarily admitted to the New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI) in December 1952 to be treated for depression following a divorce. Blauer was then taken from his room and told he would be receiving an injection. He demurred at first, but agreed reluctantly after being told it was a treatment for his depression. After this and the next three injections, Blauer told medical staff that he did not want any more treatment because of the negative reactions he was experiencing. However, he was convinced after each injection to continue treatment after being threatened with commitment to a mental asylum.

In reality, Blauer's treatment was administered as a part of the top-secret army-funded Project Pelican, a part of Project MKULTRA. It was overseen by Dr. Paul H. Hoch, the director of experimental psychiatry at the NYSPI. Hoch secretly was collaborating with Dr. Amadeo Marrazzi, the chief of clinical research at the Army Chemical Corps. Fort Detrick's Special Operations Division had made secret contacts with the NYSPI in order to develop biological weapons that could cause a range of effects from minor disablement to longer incapacitation and death. Blauer was unwittingly chosen as a test subject for one of these biological weapons.

Blauer's fifth injection was 16 times stronger than any of the previous ones. After receiving it, his body stiffened, his eyes rolled, and he frothed at the mouth while his teeth clenched for two hours. Finally, he collapsed in a coma and died. His death certificate cited his death as "coronary arteriosclerosis; sudden death after intravenous injection of a mescaline derivative," caused by a preexisting heart condition.

-- Harold Blauer, by the full wiki


Other parts of the U.S. government participated in the project exposed as MK-Ultra. The Army Chemical Center paid for LSD and related drug brainwashing experiments by Dr. Paul Hoch. Along with Nazi eugenics leader Franz Kallmann, Hoch co-directed the research at Columbia University's New York State Psychiatric Institute. Dr. Hoch was a member of the American Eugenics Society, in Kallmann's eugenics cell at the institute. Hoch was simultaneously appointed State Mental Hygiene Commissioner by New York Gov. Averell Harriman, and was reappointed by the next governor, Nelson Rockefeller. Dr. Hoch's forced injections of a mescaline derivative brought about the 1953 death of New York tennis player Harold Blauer. Hoch's colleague Dr. James Cattell later told investigators, “We didn’t know whether it was dog piss or what it was we were giving him.” When Hoch died, British brain butcher Ewen Cameron directed his funeral. Dr. Hoch, a Scottish Rite masonic strategist, worked with Dr. Kallman under the direction of Scottish Rite Freemasonry's Field Representative of Research on Dementia Praecox, Dr. Nolan D.C. Lewis, the superintendent of the New York State Psychiatric Institute. As the Ku Klux Klan has been the defining project for the Scottish Rite's Southern Jurisdiction, the Rite's Northern Jurisdiction left its official mark on the world through MK-Ultra—its most important “charity.” Much of the psychiatric dirty work, though, has been done inside the Rite's KKK-spawning Southern Jurisdiction, which includes all southern states and everything west of the Mississippi River. Robert Hanna Felix, 33rd degree mason, was a director of the Scottish Rite's psychiatric research. He ran a spectacularly lawless brainwashing establishment. The exposure of the MK-Ultra scandal revealed that the CIA had funded one Dr. Harris Isbell to carry out barbarous experiments using slave subjects, nearly all of them black drug addicts, at the Addiction Research Center in Lexington, Kentucky. Isbell was the director of the center from the 1940s until 1963. His boss was masonic master psychiatrist Felix, who founded the National Institute of Mental Health and was NIMH director from 1949 to 1964. The Lexington facility had been Dr. Felix's personal project since he had been its clinical director in the 1930s, and he put it under the jurisdiction of the NIMH. The Felix-Isbell slave experiments involved LSD and a wide variety of other hallucinogens and exotic poisons. In one case, seven prisoners were kept hallucinating on LSD for 77 consecutive days. The torture at Lexington followed the pattern developed by Cameron in Montreal: Drug-induced sleep was interrupted by electroconvulsive shock. Cooperative subjects were rewarded with shots of heroin or any other drug of their choice. And for mental health, the masonic administration encouraged the prisoners to participate in synthetic religious and political cults. Felix's program was not simply to make humans into controllable beasts, but to decentralize the zombie-manufacturing. A 1993 report to the Scottish Rite Supreme Council by its current psychiatric research director, Steven Matthysse, explains: “Thirty years ago, a massive program began, which has continued unabated to this day: the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill…. My predecessor as research director of the Schizophrenia Research Program, Dr. Robert H. Felix, 33 Degree, Gourgas medalist and the founding director of the National Institute of Mental Health, was one of the chief architects of this program. ‘We are entering a new era,’ he wrote, ‘of community-centered, comprehensive psychiatric care.’… Dr. Felix predicted that, in 25 years, ‘State mental hospitals as we know them would no longer exist.’ He was right…. During the years from 1955 to 1992, the state mental hospital census went down by 82%.” The strategists of MK-Ultra succeeded in moving the mentally ill out of costly mental hospitals, onto the streets, where they now constitute a large proportion of America's homeless. We shall now see what kind of “community-centered psychiatric care” these strategists did in fact implement, as Britain's MK-Ultra poured drugs into the country and worked to fabricate the drug-sex youth culture. Seymour Solomon Kety was both an executive of the Scottish Rite's psychiatry experiments, and a Scottish Rite-funded clinical experimenter. He was chief of NIMH clinical sciences from 1957 through 1967, and continued as the NIMH “senior scientist” into the 1990s. A close associate of the Kallmann Nazi-eugenics cell at Columbia, Kety was a national director of the American Eugenics Society, under its 1980s name, the Society for the Study of Social Biology. Kety helped lead the masons' U.S. agency, the NIMH, beyond the Kentucky experiments, to the brink of Hell.

-- British Psychiatry: From Eugenics to Assassination, by Anton Chaitkin


Image

As may be judged, however, from the most important, as the best known of the Rosicrucians’ symbols, there is one which has never been hitherto understood even by modern mystics. It is that of the “Pelican” tearing open its breast to feed its seven little ones — the real creed of the Brothers of the Rosie-Cross and a direct outcome from the Eastern Secret Doctrine.

Image

Whether the genus of the bird be cygnus, anser, or pelecanus, it is no matter, as it is an aquatic bird floating or moving on the waters like the Spirit, and then issuing from those waters to give birth to other beings.

Image

The true significance of the symbol of the Eighteenth Degree of the Rose-Croix is precisely this, though poetised later on into the motherly feeling of the Pelican rending its bosom to feed its seven little ones with its blood.

-- The Secret Doctrine -- The Synthesis of Science, Religion, and Philosophy, by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky


Image
Picture of the Pelican, the vessel in which the circulatory distillation takes place. Page from Rhenanus, Solis e puteo emergentis sive dissertationis chymotechnicae libri tres (Frankfurt a. M., 1613).

-- Alchemical Studies, by C.G. Jung


All the Masters in Alchemy who have written of the Great Work, have employed symbolic and figurative expressions; being constrained to do so, as well to repel the profane from a work that would be dangerous for them, as to be well understood by Adepts, in revealing to them the whole world of analogies governed by the single and sovereign dogma of Hermes. So, in their language, gold and silver are the King and Queen, or the Sun and Moon; Sulphur, the flying Eagle; Mercury, the Man-woman, winged, bearded, mounted on a cube, and crowned with flames; Matter or Salt, the winged Dragon; the Metals in ebullition, Lions of different colors; and, finally, the entire work has for its symbols the Pelican and the Phœnix.

-- Morals and Dogma of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, by Albert Pike


While some of Sirhan's evasions give him pause, Bob Kaiser still holds it "a 95 percent certainty" that Sirhan was a programmed assassin. "Not completely, because of certain things that Sirhan told me that implied that he knew more than he was telling us, but the fact that so many years have passed and he's stuck to that story lead me to think that he really didn't remember shooting Robert Kennedy, that he probably killed Kennedy in a trance and was programmed to forget that he'd done it and programmed to forget the names and identities of others who might have helped him do it."

***

Kaiser's position is similar to my own. I also can't say with one hundred percent certainty that I believe Sirhan. I still have qualms about the notebook; I find it hard to believe that Sirhan did not read back through it at some point in a conscious state unless his writing was controlled completely by programmers. He has also been evasive regarding his movements on June 3, and occasionally a voice in the back of my head tells me Sirhan acted alone and has been tricking us all along (the seed of doubt that grew and eventually swayed Dan Moldea).

But what made Moldea's attempted ambush so unconvincing was the unblinking response of Sirhan, so consistent in his story over forty years. For all the outbursts during his trial, no evidence has emerged to indicate that he does remember the shooting.

I don't believe Sirhan made the incriminating comment to McCowan and, even if he did, it could just as easily be dismissed as braggadocio. Kaiser, Diamond, and Simson are more reliable witnesses, and they all believe Sirhan regarding his memory block. Diamond and Spiegel described Sirhan's behavior in custody as typical of a dissociated state and felt his post-rationalization regarding the bombers had a "canned" feel, providing a heroic rationale for actions Sirhan clearly couldn't understand.

***

Now that the fortieth anniversary of the RFK assassination is upon us, the overriding question we're left with is: Is Sirhan's conviction just? Is he guilty of first-degree murder beyond a reasonable doubt? To me, the answer is a resounding "no," and, in light of the new audio evidence, this case should be reopened. This is not ancient history. Sirhan is still in prison and will stay there until he dies, unless changes in public opinion alter political perceptions of this case. I hope the evidence presented here gives you everything you need to make up your own mind.

***

We must also ask if Sirhan got a fair trial. I don't believe he did. Grant Cooper did a terrible job as his defense attorney, while reminding Sirhan throughout the trial how much his time was worth on the open market. "I had the best criminal lawyer in California," Sirhan later told author William Klaber. "He knew all the tricks of the trade. Unfortunately, he used them all on me."

While Sirhan's late attorney Larry Teeter connected Cooper to a convoluted plot involving the FBI, Johnny Rosselli, the CIA, and U.S. Attorney Matt Byrne, I would charge negligence of a more mundane nature -- utterly inadequate preparation; misguided arrogance in his power to sway the jury; a near-criminal neglect of the ballistics evidence; worrying complicity with the prosecution and a naive trust in the LAPD; and a betrayal of his own esteemed psychiatrists in a long-winded and confused closing statement. Cooper's strategy failed miserably.

"Grant Cooper conned me to say that I killed Robert Kennedy," recalled Sirhan. "I went along with him because he had my life in his hands. I was duped into believing he had my best interests in mind. It was a futile defense. Cooper sold me out. ... When I got to death row, I started reading the law about diminished capacity and the requirements for premeditation. There was no way that I could have summoned the prerequisite for first-degree murder. That was no part of me. They said that I didn't understand the magnitude of what I had done. They're right. I don't truly appreciate it, because I have no awareness of having aimed the gun at Bobby Kennedy."

It's clear that Sirhan did himself no favors during the trial with his outbursts and odd behavior. The jury didn't like him and didn't buy his memory blocks. The prosecution and jury also had no time for the psychiatrists, in large part because Cooper tortured them with ridiculously long-winded and laborious testimony. Diamond testified for three and a half days, then Cooper disavowed him.

But how would a jury react today, given what we know now about the CIA's MKULTRA program? If they knew there were at least ten shots fired in the pantry; that the two men in day-to-day charge of the police investigation were heavily linked to the CIA; and that, forty years after the shooting, Sirhan has never changed his story?

The bottom line is that even if there were no conspirators, the psychiatrists concluded Sirhan suffered from diminished capacity and was entitled to a charge of second-degree murder. In typical cases, he would have been freed after seven years. Forty years later, Sirhan is still inside.

***

When I visited Sirhan's brother Munir at the family home in Pasadena in December 2006, he was nervous before his first television interview and had a last cigarette on the balcony, recalling "little Sirhan" with great fondness. He is the last remaining family member in a house Sirhan may never see again. Later, he showed me Sirhan's room at the back of the house, where he had written in his notebooks thirty-eight years earlier.

***

Munir was the closest brother to Sirhan growing up. "He liked to play pool. He liked music. He liked to read a lot .... He and mother would sit and study the Bible. Just a typical, good ole Christian American boy."

He recalled the time after the assassination: "When we first saw him in jail, I think Mother and I went up [to him] first .... He says, 'Mother, I don't remember, I don't know what happened.' And he says that to this day when you ask him about the particulars of that night. He doesn't recall. One thing that has not changed is the fact that he does not remember."

Munir rejected the idea that Sirhan was the first Arab terrorist, launching into an impassioned defense of his brother. "You know, sitting here, you're in Sirhan's home. If we were sitting here and a fly happened to venture in, you know, your reaction or mine would be, grab the flyswatter, you know, grab something, kill that fly, get it out of here. Sirhan would open the door and try to make it go out the door again. Life meant something to him, especially through the things he went through, we all went through -- the upheavals in the Middle East and what have you. It's just not conceivable to me that he would take a gun and actually use it against a person."

***

I was unable to interview Sirhan for this book. He lives in a climate of fear, and Munir has not been able to visit him since before 9/11. His last interviews took place in the early nineties, when authors William Klaber and Dan Moldea accompanied Adel Sirhan and Rose Lynn Mangan to see him. They met Sirhan twice in 1993, and Moldea returned in June 1994 to taunt Sirhan about his mother and engineer the anticlimax to his book.

Then, as now, Sirhan was living in the Protective Housing Unit, a highsecurity wing reserved for high-risk and high-profile prisoners in danger from other inmates. Sirhan was the only prisoner in the unit to prefer a radio in his cell to a television. He listened to the evening news program All Things Considered on the local NPR affiliate and liked to jog and lift weights in his spare time. When Klaber and Moldea first visited Sirhan in September 1993, he had filled out with age, now weighing 140 pounds, but he looked well as he approached fifty, and savored a Mounds bar during the conversation, regarding it as a "delicacy."

***

Sirhan had no memory of getting his gun from the car on the night of the shooting. "At that point, I blacked out.... I only know that my goal was to get some coffee." He remembered a girl with brown hair by the coffee urn -- "she was very pretty, with brown hair [but] forget about polka dots. I don't remember what she was wearing."

"I don't remember being in the kitchen pantry. I don't remember seeing Robert Kennedy, and I don't remember shooting him. All I remember is being choked and getting my ass kicked."

"You don't remember the shooting at all?" asked Moldea.

"No, nothing. It just isn't in my mind .... I don't remember aiming the gun and saying to myself I'm going to kill Robert Kennedy. I don't remember any adrenaline rush .... I just remember being choked."

Sirhan couldn't remember the notebooks either. "I believe the notebook is mine. I just don't remember writing those things. I must have known about the jets," he said, but his words lacked conviction.

Moldea asked if he thought Dr. Simson, his psychiatrist at San Quentin, was right. Had he been programmed? Perhaps, said Sirhan, but your guess is as good as mine. Simson may have been dismissed because "he might have been getting too close to what really happened."

Discussing the ballistics evidence, Sirhan suddenly stopped. "You must understand, you know much more about this than I do. I don't spend my time thinking about these things. If I did, I would surely go crazy."

After twenty-five years, there was a resignation to his answers.

"Whether I was drunk, programmed or outmaneuvered, what has happened has happened."

***

Sirhan still couldn't understand his random fate. "If the horses were running that night, I would have been down at the track.... I wish I had just gone up and shaken his hand. If I could bring him back to life, of course, I would do it. If I could go back and trade my life for his, I would do that too -- he was the father of eleven children. But none of us have that power."

Klaber asked what he would do if he was released.

"Live a quiet life somewhere. Help people if I could .... I'd like to walk down a street, say hello to someone, go into a store, buy a quart of milk."

***

That seems unlikely to happen. Fifteen years after that interview, Sirhan is still in prison, with no imminent prospect of parole.

"He's been turned down thirteen times, and always on the same grounds," recalled Larry Teeter before he died -- "he lacks remorse. But it's circular, because how can you lack remorse if the basis for that finding of lack of remorse is that you don't remember and, if, in fact, you're telling the truth when you say you don't remember? Of course, he's telling the truth, that's why he's requested hypnosis in order for him to be able to recall."

***

Sirhan finally came up for parole in 1985. Prison psychiatrist Phillip Hicks gave him a glowing review in a psychiatric report he presented to the three-member Parole Board: "Sirhan is an exemplary inmate ... a man who is in good contact with reality ... a pleasant, cooperative person who demonstrates maturity and good judgement concerning his situation. He is of average intelligence, intellectually curious with a remarkably good memory for detail. There appears to be no psychiatric contra-indication to parole consideration. He has no demonstrable predilection toward violence at this time."

Sirhan's attorney Luke McKissack argued that Sirhan had paid his debt to society and was no longer a threat to the public.

"A message must be sent that political assassination will not be tolerated in California," countered Deputy DA Lawrence Trapp. Parole was denied.

***

For his first parole hearing at Corcoran in 1992, an escort officer told Sirhan he would have to be led into the hearing room in manacles and chains. Sirhan refused and was led away, to wait another two years for his next hearing. "What board," he asked, "is going to believe that I'm ready for the outside if I'm brought in tied up like an animal?"

Sirhan told Klaber about the hoops he was asked to jump through at the parole hearings. "I come before the board. I have done well in school, my record is good, but they say I need more psychological tests. Two years later, I have the tests, the tests say I'm fine, but then the board wants me to go through the AA program. I haven't had a drink in twenty-six years, but I go through the AA program and I come back two years later, but now they say they want to see my job offers. Job offers? Just what's supposed to be on my resume?"

***

Unlike his fellow prisoners, Sirhan prefers a radio in his cell to a television. On death row in San Quentin, he used to play the great Arabic alto Umm Kulthum on his record player -- rich, slow, two-hour laments of religious fervor and unrequited love.

In the late seventies, a departing prisoner at Soledad gave him a portable black-and-white TV, and he watched a lot of public television -- especially English dramas such as I, Claudius, Upstairs, Downstairs, and The Forsyte Saga -- until it broke eight months later.

In 2001, a couple of days before 9/11 a departing prisoner again gave him his television. Munir picked up the story.

"Right after 9/11, he had just gotten out of the shower; a day or two prior, he had gotten a haircut and because the air-conditioning was a little high in his immediate area and due to the fact that he had just gotten a haircut, he had wrapped a towel around his head and he was watching TV; and one of the guards came, saw him sitting there with a towel around his head, watching TV, and said ... something to the effect that he had prior knowledge to 9/11 ... which is hideous. The poor guy's been up there for thirty-five years. Every letter goes through their hands. Every visitor is scrutinized and searched when they see him. There's no way any of us would have known 9/11 is coming."

But the guard saw a towel on his head, saw him watching the round-the-clock news coverage of 9/11, and jumped to this absurd conclusion. A month later, prison authorities leaked the story to the Washington Post:

The Post's Petula Dvorak reports that prison authorities in California wonder why Robert F. Kennedy assassin Sirhan Sirhan shaved his head and requested a television on Sunday, Sept. 9, two days before the terrorist attacks. "These are unusual requests for him; he is usually pretty much isolated and reclusive," prison spokesman Lt. Johnny Castro told Dvorak. The 57-year-old Palestinian immigrant ... frequently mails letters to outsiders, and the FBI is probing whether Sirhan's letters were not monitored because they were written in Arabic. But Sirhan lawyer Lawrence Teeter said his client "was outraged at the terrorist attacks and remarked spontaneously in a letter to his brother he hopes that the people who did this are burning in Hell."


Prison spokesperson Sabrina Johnson later confirmed they had "documentation" to show that Sirhan was a threat, and he was disciplined accordingly. According to Munir, this meant "he was thrown into solitary confinement for the next year until we were finally able to prove he was innocent of their claims and get him out. He was allowed out of his cell, I think it was seven minutes twice a week to shower, and he was shackled, hands and legs."

This outrageous treatment was founded solely on the crass assumption that wearing a towel on your head makes you a Muslim terrorist.

"Sirhan is a Christian," said Munir. "The whole family's Christian .... In every letter he tells me, at the end of it, 'If God is with us, who is against us?' -- Mom always used to say that -- and I understand they believe he's a Moslem."

After his year in solitary, Sirhan reverted to his previous status, but according to Munir, "now the guards have poisoned the thoughts of other prisoners against him, and they still think he is a Moslem and he's afraid they'll try to kill him. He's afraid to leave for anything except a shower twice a week, because he believes the guards either won't protect him or will be out for him themselves for filing complaints about this situation. He wants to transfer to another prison, but they won't let him."

Munir hasn't seen Sirhan since, partly because Sirhan is afraid to make the walk from his cell to the visiting room. "Where he's at is very dangerous. There are killings that go on there quite frequently. In fact, a couple of months ago, he wrote to me and said there was some sort of a stabbing that occurred [on the trip] from his particular housing cell to the visiting area. And he was fearful of making that trek. Something might happen to him. He's more fearful of the guards than the inmates."

In the years since 9/11, Sirhan's mother and two of his brothers have passed away, as well as his extremely dedicated lawyer for eleven years, Larry Teeter.

In March 2006, Sirhan was again denied parole. He was given just three days' notice of his hearing, was awaiting a new attorney, and was unprepared, so he didn't attend. The board's denial came as no surprise. His next hearing is scheduled for 2011.

***

When I wrote to Sirhan in prison, he responded through Munir, expressing support for my investigation and comparing himself to a character in a Kafka novel, a man locked away for forty years for a crime he doesn't remember committing, as confused by the mystery as everyone else.

The good news is that he has a new lawyer. Highly respected civil rights attorney Dr. William Pepper has recently filed papers to represent Sirhan. Pepper famously represented James Earl Ray -- convicted assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr. -- for ten years until Ray's death in 1998. The following year, Pepper prosecuted a wrongful death civil suit brought by the King family against Lloyd Jowers and other unknown coconspirators. At the end of the thirty-day trial, the jury took an hour and a half to conclude that a conspiracy existed in the murder of Dr. King that included agents of the city of Memphis, the state of Tennessee, and the government of the United States.

The King family spoke publicly of their relief "that the truth about this terrible event has finally been revealed .... The overwhelming weight of evidence also indicated that James Earl Ray was not the triggerman and, in fact, was an unknowing patsy."

***

Larry Teeter filed two petitions for writ of habeas corpus (unlawful detention), the second of which is still pending in the Central District of California. Pepper will continue to pursue this petition, but "the ultimate goal is to have a new trial ... and to bring before the court evidence that has begun to surface that was not available before."

Pepper is particularly fond of a quote of Dr. King's -- "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." I hope this book and my accompanying documentary will help provide a platform for that, leading to a reopening of the investigation into the death of Robert Kennedy, and acting as a "smoke-out" to generate new leads and witnesses and further corroborate material presented here.

The Ambassador Hotel closed in 1989 and was demolished in 2006, and the Kennedy family is supporting the building of a new school project on the site as a "living memorial" to Bobby Kennedy. The contents of the pantry sit in a container on a lot somewhere in Los Angeles, but forty years after the assassination, the mystery around this case still remains. Paul Schrade leads the planning for the new school while renewing calls for a new investigation: "I was standing with Robert Kennedy that night and was wounded, but I will never give up trying to solve this case."

The most likely breakthrough seems to lie with Sirhan himself and efforts to get past his memory block and uncover what happened that night.

Los Angeles County Supervisor Baxter Ward tried unsuccessfully to bring Sirhan back to the Ambassador in 1977 to jog his memory, but the courts wouldn't allow it, and more recent attempts by Larry Teeter and Dr. Herbert Spiegel to deprogram Sirhan have also run into legal obstacles.

"With a proper, well-designed regression technique, it's possible to uncover that memory," said Dr. Spiegel. "With his permission, it's possible to regress him and take him back in time to his childhood and come up, year by year, to the time this happened; and it's quite possible when we bring him up to the time he was being programmed by whoever did this, we could uncover his memory of what was going on. He could possibly reveal how he was programmed and where he was going and what he was going to do about it, but the Court would not give me permission to do it."

At the time of this writing, William Pepper is set to begin new psychological evaluations of Sirhan with a psychiatrist recommended by Dr. Spiegel who is a leading specialist in regression therapy. Prison authorities seem receptive, so it may still be possible to recover Sirhan's memory of what happened that night. But time is running out. Regression is possible only while Sirhan's brain is still healthy and active. As he ages, it will become more difficult.

Bob Kaiser, who sat in on Dr. Diamond's sessions with Sirhan and first outlined the "Manchurian candidate" theory of the assassination in his book, is accustomed to the many twists and turns of the case over the last forty years. "See, this is not an Agatha Christie mystery story," he told me, "where everything is neatly tied up in a bow in Chapter 23 at the end of the book. It's one of our most enduring murder mysteries and it will probably continue to be such. That's the way life is. Nothing is ever quite resolved, is it?"

***

"What can be done with the case now?" I asked Munir.

"To find the truth; to find the truth. As I've grown up with this case, there are just things that boggle the mind that should be looked into, for the love of humanity. If all of this leads to where we suspect it's gonna lead, we don't want it to ever happen again."
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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:48 pm

PART 1 OF 3

Notes:

All dates are 1968 unless otherwise specified. Dates for LAPD and FBI interviews reflect the actual interview date, not the date of the interview summary.

All author interviews were conducted between August 2004 and January 2008.

Abbreviations

CSA: California State Archives, Sacramento, CA

LAPD: SUS, An Investigation Summary of the Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, The Final Report, February 1969

RFKAA: Robert F. Kennedy Assassination Archives, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth

Trial testimony: Proceedings of People v. Sirhan, RFKAA

Grand jury testimony: Proceedings of the Los Angeles County Grand Jury, June 7, RFKAA

1. The Assassination

5 "In a dark": Photocopy of page from Sirhan's notebook, CSA. Sirhan practiced self-hypnosis by candlelight in front of a mirror in his room. Defense psychiatrist Dr. Diamond concluded that he wrote this page during one such hypnotic session.

5 "Robert Kennedy faced": Kennedy had entered the presidential race on March 16, four days after McCarthy's strong showing against incumbent President Johnson in New Hampshire. Johnson announced that he wouldn't run for a second term on March 31. By June, Vice President Hubert Humphrey led in the delegate count, but Kennedy and McCarthy marshaled the support of the burgeoning antiwar movement. If Kennedy could beat McCarthy and win his support ahead of the Chicago convention, he stood a strong chance of gaining the Democratic nomination.

5 "California was": "Kennedy Hints at Withdrawal If He Loses in California Test," Los Angeles Times, May 30.

6 "On election eve": Witcover, 85 Days, 250-51.

6 "Two Sundays before": Salinger, P.S. A Memoir, 185-87; Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 968.

6 "On June 4": The LAPD final report lists Sirhan as five-two, 115 pounds. His LAPD booking form states his height as five-three, and several hours later, Dr. Crahan recorded his height as five-two-and-a-half. Sirhan claimed he was five-four-and-a-half during the trial (Sirhan trial testimony, 4881).

On timings: Sirhan testified that he got up around nine or ten (Sirhan trial testimony, 5145), but his brother Munir saw him buying a newspaper around eight thirty (Munir Sirhan, FBI interview, June 5), and the LAPD activity chart for Sirhan (LAPD, 618) quotes his mother, Mary Sirhan, as saying he drove off for a paper around eight o'clock.

According to the LAPD activity chart, Sirhan answered the phone at home at eleven o'clock.

At trial, Sirhan said he then bought some ammunition, stopped off for coffee, and arrived at the gun range around noon. The police have him going straight to the gun range and arriving between eleven and eleven thirty (LAPD, 602). Richard Grijalva signed in below Sirhan and arrived at noon. As soon as Grijalva arrived, he saw a man closely resembling Sirhan shooting rapid-fire on the pistol range (Richard Grijalva LAPD interview, July 2). Based on the above data, I estimate Sirhan's arrival as "about eleven thirty."

7 "Robert Kennedy rose": Witcover, 85 Days, 253; LAPD, 121. Dutton, a veteran of the JFK administration, made decisions on the road, while Kennedy's brother-in-law Steve Smith was his campaign manager.

7 "Back at the house": Witcover, 85 Days, 254.

7 "Sirhan stayed": LAPD, 619.

7 "At the house in Malibu": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 15; LAPD, 121-22; Witcover, 85 Days, 255. According to the police, Kennedy arrived at the hotel at eight fifteen (LAPD, 137). Frankenheimer timed it as 8:05 (John Frankenheimer LAPD interview, July 18).

8 "The polls closed": Dutton-Kennedy chat before TV interview. The vote count was delayed because the new IBM computers weren't scanning the punch cards correctly. Los Angeles County was home to 38 percent of voter registrations (Witcover, 85 Days, 255).

8 "Kennedy aides relaxed": Witcover, 85 Days, 257.

8 "Downstairs, the crowd": LAPD, 136.

8 "According to the LAPD": LAPD, 138,620. I doubt the police timing for Bidstrup's encounter with Sirhan and discuss it further in Chapter 9. On "sneaking in the back way," see Albert Soifer LAPD interview, July 15.

8 "Sometime between nine thirty and eleven": Mary Grohs LAPD interviews (July 22, 1968, and February 25, 1969); Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 531-32. In her first police interview, Grohs stated that she spoke to Sirhan between nine thirty and eleven. During the trial, she was reinterviewed and apparently narrowed the time frame to between nine thirty and ten. Robert Houghton, who led the police investigation, later stuck with the wider time frame in his book (Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 224). So do I.

9 "Up on the fifth floor": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 16.

9 "At this point": NBC footage of Kennedy-Vanocur off-air conversation, June 4.

9 "Just after eleven o'clock": CBS and NBC network coverage of the California primary. Around 11:10, CBS projected a Kennedy victory by 50 percent to McCarthy's 38 percent. Around 11:50, NBC had Kennedy ahead by 49 percent to 40 percent.

9 "Up in the Kennedy suite": Kennedy aide David Hackett calculated that after the double victory that night, "Humphrey [had] 944 delegates; Kennedy 524Y2; McCarthy, 204; 872 undecided. The objective by convention time was 1432Y2 for Kennedy, 1152Y2 for Humphrey .... The key was McCarthy ... "his people must know after tonight that I'm the only candidate against the war that can beat Humphrey," said Kennedy (Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 981).

10 "Around eleven thirty": Sandra Serrano interviews with NBC and LAPD, June 5, and FBI, June 7.

10 "A short time later": Jesus Perez LAPD interview, June 5; Perez grand jury testimony, June 7; Martin Patrusky written statement to Vincent Bugliosi, December 12, 1975, in which he recalled first seeing Sirhan twenty minutes before the shooting.

10 "As LAPD morning watch officers": Sharaga written statement, November 17, 1992.

11 "Close to midnight": Timanson written statement, June 6; LAPD, 143.

11 "A live ABC video feed": Videotape of ABC live video feed.

11 "The senator turned right": TV footage. The LAPD used CBS television coverage to confirm the time Kennedy entered the ballroom as 12:02:10 a.m. He began his speech thirty seconds later and turned to leave the stage at 12:14:47 a.m. (Cecil Lynch LAPD interview, June 18). According to the LAPD, the shooting began at 12:16 a.m.

12 "In the northwest corner of the pantry": Patrusky FBI statement, June 7.

12 "Back on stage": Network footage of the Kennedy speech.

13 "For a few fateful moments": Network footage of Kennedy leaving the stage; LAPD, 146-47.

13 "Barry and the rest": Frank Burns written statement, June 12; Karl Uecker grand jury testimony; Thane Eugene Cesar LAPD interview transcript, June 5.

13 "The senator smiled": Patrusky LAPD interview transcript, June 5; Vincent Di Pierro FBI interview, June 7; Robin Casden LAPD interview, July 1.

13 "Mucho gusto!": Perez LAPD interview transcript, June 5; For Romero, see "Guarding the Dream," Time, June 8, 1988.

13 "Uno Timanson": Uecker trial testimony, 3091-97.

13 "San Diego high school student": Lisa Urso LAPD interview, June 27; Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 18-19, 122-28.

14 "Instead, he pointed": Richard Lubic "observed an arm with a gun, come up and point at the Senator's head" (Lubic LAPD interview, July 17); Pete Hamill saw Sirhan's "arm fully extended and his face in tremendous concentration" (Hamill FBI interview, August 5). Martin Patrusky, Juan Romero, and Vincent Di Pierro also said Sirhan "looked like he was smiling." (Patrusky LAPD interview transcript, June 5; Juan Romero FBI interview, June 6; Di Pierro grand jury testimony, July 7).

14 "Kennedy, you son of a bitch!": Richard Lubic FBI interview, June 25. Lubic heard a voice say, "Kennedy, you son of a bitch," and heard two shots that sounded like a starter pistol at a track meet. For Urso, see Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 26.

14 "Some thought": Jimmy Breslin FBI interview, June 20; Bob Funk FBI interview, June 21; Paul Schrade FBI interview, June 7.

14 "Uecker lost his grip": Freddy Plimpton FBI interview, July 1.

14 "Six to eight feet": Schrade FBI interview, June 7. Casden LAPD interview; Di Pierro FBI interview; Patrusky LAPD interview. Casden told police "the man who fell beside me [Schrade] was either hit by the first or second shot, because there were two definite shots and someone fell." Schrade was heavily sedated on June 7 after the shooting and surprised at the detail in his FBI summary. He later told author Dan Moldea that he was "four or five feet" behind Kennedy (Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 34; Schrade, interview with the author).

15 "Just behind Kennedy": Cesar LAPD interview transcript, June 5.

15 "Karl Uecker leaped": LAPD, 155; Uecker grand jury testimony, June 7; Burns written statement, June 12; Eddie Minasian FBI statement, June 7.

15 "As bullets sprayed": Burns LAPD interview, June 19; Romero LAPD interview transcript, June 5; Perez LAPD interview transcript, June 5.

15 "Continental News reporter": Ira Goldstein FBI interview, June 6; William Weisel FBI interview, June 7; Evans FBI interview, June 6; LAPD, 179-83.

15 "The crowded room": Jesse Unruh FBI interview, June 13; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 27; LAPD, 156; Jack Gallivan FBI interview, June 14; George Plimpton FBI interview, June 27.

15 "Get a rope": Burns written statement, June 12; George Plimpton LAPD interview, June 5; Cesar FBI interview, June 10; LAPD, 155.

15 "Paul Schrade lay on the floor": LAPD, 177.

15 "Burly CBS cameraman": John William Lewis FBI interview, June 28; James Wilson LAPD statement, June 21; CBS footage of the pantry in the aftermath of the shooting. On "Fuck America" comment, see Jack Newfield interview in "The RFK Assassination: Shadows of Doubt."

16 "At the edge of the crowd": West recordings, June 5; network footage and photographs of the chaos in the pantry collected by SUS.

16 "In the eye of the storm": Romero FBI interview, June 6; "'I Want to Be Dreaming, Busboy Says,''' Los Angeles Times, June 6; Romero LAPD interview, June 17.

18 "As Romero shouted": Paul Grieco LAPD interview, July 30.

18 "Assistant Press Secretary": "Shocked Aide Clutched Shoes and Wouldn't Give Them Up," Boston Globe, June 6; Hugh McDonald LAPD statement, June 21; Fred Dutton LAPD interview, June 5.

18 "The crowd around the gunman": Bill Barry LAPD interview, June 5, and FBI interview, June 19; Rosey Grier FBI interview, June 11; Rafer Johnson FBI interview, June 13.

18 "Take care of the senator": Gallivan FBI interview, June 14; Earl Williman summary in LAPD,1214-15.

19 "Teenage reporter Ira Goldstein": Goldstein LAPD interview transcript, June 5; LAPD, 182-83; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 29.

19 "Finally, Mrs. Kennedy": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 30. Dr. Stanley Abo LAPD interview, July 24.

19 "Take him, Rosey; take him!": "Bobby's Last, Longest Day," Newsweek, June 17; West recordings; Johnson FBI interview.

20 "From beneath the pile of bodies": George Plimpton LAPD interview; Jimmy Breslin LAPD interview, June 20.

20 "Sirhan was now on his back": Book Griffin, "Fatalism, Destiny: Fear Now Real," L.A. Sentinel, June 5; Gabor Kadar LAPD interview, July 30.

20 "California Speaker Jesse Unruh": Unruh FBI interview, June 13.

20 "Rafer Johnson pressed his face against": Johnson FBI interview.

21 "As chaos swirled": Michael Wayne LAPD interview, July 25; LAPD, 432, 910, 1028; Juan Anguiano FBI interview, June 11; Fontanini LAPD interview, June 28. Ace security guard August Mallard in an LAPD interview (July 8) said that there was no gun hidden in the rolled-up posters.

21 "Campaign worker Sandra Serrano": Serrano interviews with NBC and LAPD, June 5; and FBI, June 7.

21 "12:17 a.m.": LAPD, 186. Schiller recalled "answering several telephone calls from unknown persons wishing to speak to the watch commander ... minutes prior to hearing the radio call of the shooting at the Ambassador" at 12:20 (Schiller LAPD interview, November 13).

22 "Rolon and Sillings": LAPD, 197,201; LAPD audiotape of emergency call from the Ambassador, CSA.

22 "The emergency call": Transcript of Sharaga interview with Kevin, RFKAA; Sharaga written statement, November 17, 1992; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 40; audiotape of LAPD radio dispatches, June 5, CSA; LAPD, 198.

22 "12:22 a.m.": Timanson written statement, June 6; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 34.

23 "As White entered": Placencia and White trial testimony, February 18-20, 1969.

23 "Back in the pantry": Max Behrman LAPD interview, July 5; ambulance driver Robert Hulsman LAPD interview, July 15; Witcover, 85 Days, 273.

24 "Out in the rear parking lot": Transcript of Sharaga interview with Kevin, RFKAA; Sharaga written statement, November 17, 1992; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 40; audiotape of LAPD radio dispatches, June 5, CSA.

24 "12:28 a.m." White and Placencia trial and grand jury testimony; Unruh FBI interview, June 13.

25 "Fred Dutton": Behrman LAPD interview, July 5; Hulsman LAPD interview, July 15; LAPD, 165-66.

26 "Back at the hotel": Witcover, 85 Days, 276.

26 "In the pantry": West recordings.

2. The Aftermath

27 "And so the round": Audio recording of Don Schulman interview with Jeff Brent (Brent recordings), June 5; Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 118. According to journalist Brad Johnson, the Brent-Schulman interview began at 12:40 a.m.

28 "Within minutes": Johnson noted that KLA reporter Phil Cogan read out a UPI wire report on air at 12:52 a.m., quoting Schulman as saying that Kennedy "was shot three times by a gunman who stepped out of the crowd" and that the gunman himself was then shot by Kennedy bodyguards and taken into custody. France Soir, July 5, as cited by Gerard Alcan in The Second Gun; Moldea, Killing of Robert F. Kennedy, 146.

28 "In another part of the Ambassador": Audio recording of Cesar interview with John Marshall (Marshall recordings), June 5. Johnson times this at 12:30 a.m.

28 "When they arrived": LAPD, 307; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 41. Chief Houghton later regretted this omission at an interagency meeting with Bill Nolan (FBI), U.S. Attorney Matt Byrne, Deputy DAs Howard and Fitts, and others on September 5. Notes of the meeting have him state, "Re our critique of the entire transaction ... Suspect (and possibly others) should have been given a blood-alcohol." In a later interview, Sergeant Jordan stated that "he did not give Sirhan a Breathalyzer test because in his opinion Sirhan did not show any symptoms of being under the influence of any drug or alcohol." (Jordan LAPD interview, February 6, 1969).

29 "The audiotapes of Sirhan's time": Melanson, research notes, RFKAA.

29 "12:45 a.m.": LAPD audiotape 28925, June 5,12:45 a.m., and tape transcript.

30 "The column was titled": David Lawrence, "Paradoxical Bob," Pasadena Independent Star- News, May 26.

31 "I mentioned it to": Officer 3909 was Officer Placencia.

31 "Over at Central Receiving": Frank Mankiewicz LAPD interview transcript, June 21, 17.

32 "Inside, Dr. Victor Bazilauskas": LAPD 166-69. "Ethel Kennedy Found Sound of Heart Reassuring," Los Angeles Times, June 6.

32 "Sandra Serrano": Serrano interview with Vanocur, NBC.

33 "Vanocur couldn't believe": Vanocur LAPD interview, September 20.

33 "At 1:43": LAPD log of radio dispatches, June 5, quoted in DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 547-48.

33 "Back at Rampart": LAPD audiotape 28925 (continued) and tape transcript.

34 "Pants fastened": Jordan report to Lt. M.S. Pena, October 9, 2-3; Sirhan medical treatment record in LAPD final report, 734. Lanz examined Sirhan at 2:01 a.m. One photograph of Sirhan being led out of the pantry shows his pants zipper half open, possibly explaining these remarks.

34 "Bill Jordan was now joined": LAPD audiotape 28916, June 5, 2:05-2:20 a.m., and tape transcript.

35 "As an officer": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 56. At trial, Patchett said he asked, "Ashamed of what you did tonight?" But within days of the shooting, Patchett told the FBI he asked "Ashamed of your name?"-an important difference.

35 "Sirhan was taken downstairs": Jordan report to Pena, 3; Sirhan booking and identification record in LAPD final report, 735; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 58.

35 "Sirhan was allowed to wash": Jordan report to Pena, 3. Officer De La Garza made the comments about his shower. LAPD audiotape 28918, June 5, 3: IS a.m., and tape transcript.

35 "He was then brought to cell": LAPD audiotape 28976, June 5, 3:45 a.m., and tape transcript.

35 "They chatted for some time": LAPD audiotape 28917, June 5,4 a.m., and tape transcript.

37 "Jesse Incommunicado": At one point, Jordan thought Sirhan's name might be Jesse. This can be traced to a 12:32 a.m. entry in the LAPD Emergency Control Center Journal: "Possible suspect Jesse GREER, male, Cauc. Enroute Rampart Station (info. Received from Jesse Unruh)."

37 "Throughout these sessions": When asked if he was being treated all right, Sirhan told the investigators he had been "most wonderfully entertained" by their conversations while in custody.

38 "Jordan was called outside again": LAPD audiotape 28917 (continued).

38 "You look very presentable": "Your eyes are clear" contrasts to the dilated eyes observed by Officer Placencia in the patrol car after Sirhan's arrest.

38 "Jordan later summarized": LAPD, 312; Jordan report to Pena, 4.

38 "Officers were dispatched": LAPD log of Captain Carroll Kirby, Commander, Communications Division, June 5.

38 "By six a.m.": LAPD audiotape 28976, June 5, 6 a.m., and tape transcript; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 79-80.

39 "Police chief Thomas Reddin": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 83; "Suspect Arraigned," New York Times, June 6.

39 "As Reddin spoke": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 85. Jordan report to Pena, 4-5. Jordan stated that Sirhan was arraigned at 7:25 a.m.

40 "The prisoner was booked": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 259.

40 ''Across town": Report of Sergeant William E. Brandt, LAPD files, CSA.

40 "Twenty-one-year-old Munir 'Joe' Sirhan": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 87-88. Munir Sirhan, interview with the author.

42 "Dr. Phillip Attalla": Kranz Report, quoting Dr. Attalla.

42 "Sirhan was then examined": Crahan report to Younger, RFKAA.

43 "Soon after Sirhan": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 92-93; Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 25.

43 "At ten fifteen": Brandt report, LAPD files, CSA.

43 "As the brothers were being interviewed": Television coverage of Yorty's news conference.

43 "The brothers drove home": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 97; Brandt report, LAPD files, CSA.

44 "The search of Sirhan's room": Brandt report, LAPD files, CSA.

45 "These items were taken into custody": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 97; "Suspect, Arab Immigrant, Arraigned," New York Times, June 6.

45 "June 5, I 968": "Arabs Link Death to Policy of US," New York Times, June 7.

45 "The next day": "Woman Is Sought in Kennedy Death," June 7; "Despite Rebuke, Yorty Again Discusses Sirhan," Los Angeles Times, June 7.

46 "Back at the Sirhan house": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 97-98.

46 A twenty-eight-year-old Syrian friend: "Kennedy Is Dead, Victim of Assassin," Los Angeles Times, June 6.

46 "When Mrs. Sirhan": "Yorty Reveals Suspect's Memo Set Death Date," Los Angeles Times, June 6; "Family Remains Silent," New York Times, June 7; "A Life on the Way to Death," Time, June 14.

46 "At four that afternoon": LAPD, 330-33.

47 "Just before two the next morning": "Kennedy Is Dead, Victim of Assassin," New York Times, June 6.

47 "The next morning": "People in Nations Around the World Voice Grief and Sympathy," New York Times, June 7; "Despair Grips Youth in Wake of Shooting," Los Angeles Times, June 6.

47 "Sirhan woke the next morning": "Woman Is Sought in Kennedy Death," and "Suspect Requests Theosophic Works and Newspapers," New York Times, June 7.

48 "Dr. Crahan returned to see Sirhan": Crahan report transcript, RFKAA.

48 "Then, A.L. Wirin arrived": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 108.

48 "When Dr. Crahan continued": Crahan report transcript, RFKAA.

49 "On the plane back to New York": "Aboard Kennedy Plane," New York Times, June 8; "A Life on the Way to Death," Time, June 14.

50 "The body lay in state": Audio recording of Edward Kennedy eulogy, JFK Library.

3. Autopsy and Ballistics

51 "Mr. Johnson": Rafer Johnson FBI interview, June 13.

51 "Two plainclothes detectives": LAPD, 233.

51 "Thirty years later": Heymann, RFK, 493, 500.

52 "The LAPD Intelligence Division": LAPD Intelligence Division Log, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD, 235; Heymann, interview with the author.

52 "By 1:20": Johnson LAPD interview, June 5. When Valerie Schulte first saw the gun, she thought it was a toy (Schulte FBI interview, August 13). She told the police "it looked like a cap gun" (Schulte LAPD interview, July 9).

53 "June 5, 1 a.m.": Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD, 211; transcript of Charles Collier interview with Dan Moldea, December 16,1989; LAPD, 800, 820.

54 "At this point": LAPD, 169, 170,766-67. At Good Samaritan, doctors initially diagnosed two gunshot wounds behind the right ear and in the right shoulder, with no exit wounds. Later, X-rays revealed a third entry wound in the right armpit and an exit wound "in front of the right shoulder." Despite this new information, the police and press continued to report two Kennedy wounds. The Emergency Control Center summary to Chief Reddin covering the period up to 2:30 p.m. on June 6 reported "two shots hit the Senator ... in the head and the shoulder." Based on this, Wolfer may not have been initially aware of the third bullet that hit Kennedy.

54 "After lunch": Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD, 628, 649-50.

55 "June 6, 3 a.m.": Dr. Noguchi autopsy report, LAPD, 732; Noguchi grand jury testimony, June 7.

56 "As Dr. Noguchi examined the brain": Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; Wolfer trial testimony, 4 I 53-65.

56 "On the morning of June 6": Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD, 650. The Evans fragments were booked in the early afternoon of June 5 (LAPD, 180-81,274,778), and the Weisel bullet and Schrade fragments were booked at six p.m. on June 6 and transferred to the crime lab "for comparison with gun of arrestee" (LAPD, 782). The fragments from the fatal bullet were released to the FBI on June 5 at three p.m. From Wolfer's log, it seems he first received them on June 13 at nine thirty a.m. (LAPD, 777; Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA).

57 "The next day": Wolfer grand jury testimony, June 7; Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 104.

58 "Wolfer's subsequent LAPD report": LAPD, 650; LAPD progress report, June 18, CSA.

59 "But seven years later": Comprehensive Joint Report of the Firearms Examiners, October 4, 1975, CSA.

59 "A letter buried": Reddin/Houghton letter to Lieutenant Hewitt, July I, LAPD Correspondence Files, CSA.

59 "The first witness": Dr. Noguchi grand jury testimony, June 7.

60 "After his grand jury testimony": Moldea, Killing of Robert F. Kennedy, 159.

60 "This prosecutor immediately realized": Karl Uecker, Eddie Minasian, and Vincent Di Pierro grand jury testimony, June 7.

61 "Four days later": Dr. Noguchi autopsy report, 38--40 (LAPD, 732); Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD, 822.

62 "At the end of their investigation": LAPD, 594.

62 "Juan Romero told": Romero FBI interview, June 6.

62 "Karl Uecker later told": Uecker written statement to Allard Lowenstein, February 20, 1975.

63 "Frank Burns": Burns, interview with Dan Rather for the 1976 documentary The American Assassins.

63 "Martin Patrusky told": Patrusky written statement to Vincent Bugliosi, December 12, 1975.

63 "Jesus Perez": Perez LAPD interview, June 5.

63 "But a number": Thane Eugene Cesar FBI interview, June 10; Pete Hamill LAPD interview, October 9; Valerie Schulte trial testimony, 3426.

63 "Richard Lubic": Lubic, quoted in Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 96; Freed, interview with the author.

63 "Finally": Lisa Urso LAPD interview, June 27; Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 122-28; VHS tape of Urso 1977 reenactment, RFKAA; Urso statement to DA's office investigator William Burnett, August 10, 1977.

64 "Only one witness": Bill Barry LAPD interview, June 5.

64 "When the 'second gun' controversy began": Boris Yaro FBI interview, June 7; Yaro, interview with Dan Rather for The American Assassins, 1976.

64 "Several years": Di Pierro grand jury testimony, June 7; "Expert Discounts RFK 2d-Gun Theory," Washington Post, December 19, 1974. In the Post story, Di Pierro "said it was true that Sirhan was standing about three feet from Kennedy [but] when he fired the shots, Sirhan lunged forward, bringing the muzzle of his Ivor-Johnson revolver within several inches of Kennedy's head." Di Pierro had Kennedy turned to his left shaking hands and "noted that Sirhan's gun was pitched slightly upward." In a recent interview, Di Pierro gave me a very similar account, contradicting his grand jury testimony, two days after the shooting.

64 "Muzzle distance": Sirhan letter to Mangan, September 1972, Rose Lynn Mangan Collection. His reach to his longest stretched finger was twenty-eight inches. If he extended his arm in a normal standing position, it was raised fifty-three inches from the floor. On tiptoe, as some witnesses described, it measured fifty-eight inches. See discussion of height in Chapter I notes, page 6.

64 "Up to now": Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; Wolfer Analyzed Evidence Report, June 7 (LAPD, 823).

65 "This gave Wolfer": Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD photos (Coroner's enactment of shooting, Trial Exhibit 81-2).

66 "Virtually all the witnesses": Burns written statement, June 12; Yaro LAPD interview, June 24; Yaro quoted in "Robert Kennedy Case Still Stirs Questions," Los Angeles Times, July 13, 1975; Yaro, interview with Dan Rather for The American Assassins, 1976.

66 "And what of the other holes?": Wolfer's log, June 20, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD, 812, 818.

66 "Wolfer spent": Wolfer's log, June 26, LAPD files, CSA; Wolfer's trajectory report, July 8. The SUS Daily Summary of Activity for July 10 reads: "Had conference with ... Case Prep Team-(Deputy DA) Fitts. Established that case is in satisfactory shape with exception of firearms ID lab work (pending)." Two days after Wolfer's trajectory study, the rest of his ID work was still pending.

67 "On July 8": LAPD, 650-52.

69 "Bullet two went through": Paul Schrade FBI interview, June 7; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 87.

69 "The medical report": LAPD, 742; Elizabeth Evans FBI interview, June 6; Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 40.

69 "There is also evidence": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 40-41; Vincent Di Pierro, interview with the author.

70 "As Kennedy lay on the floor": Paul Grieco LAPD interview, July 30; Minasian LAPD interview, June 5; Schrade LAPD interview, June 24.

70 "Wolfer had him turned": Lubic FBI interview, June 25; Burns written statement, June 12; Burns interview with the author.

71 "The problem for Wolfer": Romero, quoted in Los Angeles Herald Examiner, June 5; FBI interview, June 6; LAPD interview, June 17.

71 "As Romero finished shaking hands": Uecker LAPD interview, June 5; FBI interview, June 7; grand jury testimony, June 7.

73 "In an interview": Uecker interview with DA's office, July 15,1971; written statement to Allard Lowenstein, February 20,1975.

73 "Uecker's partner": Minasian FBI interview, June 7; LAPD interview, June 5.

74 "Waiter Martin Patrusky": Patrusky FBI statement, June 7; written statement to Vincent BugIiosi, December 12, 1975.

74 "Freelance writer Pete Hamill": Pete Hamill FBI interview, August 6.

74 "Paul Schrade": Schrade FBI interview, June 7.

75 "Vincent Di Pierro": Di Pierro LAPD interview, June 5; FBI interview, June 7; grand jury testimony, June 7.

75 "Other witnesses": Cesar FBI interview, June 7.

76 "Valerie Schulte": Schulte LAPD interview, July 9; FBI interview, August 13; trial testimony, 3417-38.

76 "But some witness testimony": Freddy Plimpton FBI interview, June 27.

77 "High school student": Urso LAPD interview, June 27; Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 35.

77 "TV producer Richard Lubic": Lubic LAPD interview, July 17; FBI interview, June 25.

78 "Photographer Boris Yaro": Yaro LAPD interviews, June 24 and July 8; "Gunman Fired at Point Blank Range," Los Angeles Times, June 6; "Robert Kennedy Case Still Stirs Questions," Los Angeles Times, July 13,1975; Yaro FBI interview, June 6.

79 "In preparing for court": LAPD, 591-94.

80 "These films and videos": Color and black-and-white footage of these reenactments, CSA, RFKAA.

80 "Two days after the shooting": Dr. Vincent Guinn testimony, Baxter Ward hearings, May 13,1974,73-75, Rose Lynn Mangan Collection; Wolfer testimony at Wenke hearing, September 16, 1975,82-83, LA County Superior Court Archives.

80 "In early October": FBI memo, Special Agent in Charge (SAC), LA to Director, October 22, FBI files; Guinn testimony, 76, Rose Lynn Mangan Collection.

81 "As the New Year began": FBI memo from Wesley Grapp, SAC, LA to Hoover, 56-15-2665, January 9, 1969; FBI memo, Hoover to SAC, LA 56-156-2676, January 16, 1969. "Ken salt" was the codename given to the FBI investigation.

81 "L.A. County Sheriff": Younger letter to SUS Chief Houghton, May 6,1969, referencing letter from Pitchess, February 14, 1969, FBI files.

82 "Dr. Noguchi remained skeptical": Noguchi, Coroner, 108.

4. Sirhan B. Sirhan

83 "Sirhan Bishara Sirhan": LAPD 338; "Yorty Reveals Suspect's Memo Set Death Date," Los Angeles Times, June 6.

83 "The Jewish claim to Palestine": Jansen, Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed, 43-46.

84 "In March of that year": LAPD, 339.

84 Two years later: Jansen, Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed, 54-55.

84 "On December 12": On Damascus Gate, see Milstein, Israel's War of Independence, 51. On Deir Yassin, see Jansen, Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed, 56-57. The New York Times at first estimated the number slain as 254 in its report on April 13, but a 1987 study by Birzeit University found that "the numbers of those killed does not exceed 120."

84 "With the British mandate": LAPD, 340-41.

85 "In 1955": LAPD, 344-45.

86 "By the time Sirhan completed sixth grade": LAPD, 345-46; Mary Sirhan LAPD interview, June 19.

86 "Contrary to some reports": LAPD, 389.

86 Sirhan maintained": LAPD, 353-58.

86 "When Munir": Hornbeck, quoted in LAPD, 353-54, 1003.

86 "Sirhan stood out": Sirhan's English and social studies teacher, Samuel Soghomonian, quoted in LAPD, 354-55. Soghomonian was Armenian and "understood Sirhan's problem as a foreigner."

86 "Carol Neal": LAPD, 355.

86 "Sirhan's eldest brothers": LAPD, 346-47, 355, 357, 372.

86 "His eleventh-grade history teacher": Darwin R. Russell, quoted in LAPD, 358.

87 "Sirhan's first contact": LAPD, 379.

87 "Sirhan had been working": LAPD, 359, 361-63, 368, 370. On "sixty to eighty dollars," see Mohan Goel, quoted in LAPD, 370.

87 "Another friend": LAPD, 383.

88 "Sirhan wasn't politically active": LAPD, 349, 359-60, 363, 368, 381-84.

88 "Where next for Sirhan?": LAPD, 363-64, 398.

88 "On June 2": LAPD 364, 371, 386-87; Mary Sirhan LAPD interview, June 19; Genevieve Taylor LAPD interview, December 18. Van Antwerp inexplicably disappeared on the afternoon of June 4 and turned up in Eureka two weeks later.

89 "A few weeks later": The Rosicrucians received Sirhan's membership application on June 23, 1966; LAPD, 393-94.

89 "Sirhan quickly settled": Terry Welch FBI interview, June 6; LAPD, 385-86.

89 "Sirhan later wrote": Sirhan talked to Kaiser about Osterkamp in Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Did" 282; on Osterkamp, see LAPD, 386.

90 "Just as Sirhan": Sirhan trial testimony, 4886-93; LAPD, 365; Lawrence Heinemann LAPD interview, July 24.

90 "He was taken": LAPD, 375-77; Burt Altfillisch LAPD interview, July 16.

91 "On November 13": LAPD, 365, 377, 1210.

91 "Sirhan telephoned Dr. Miller": "Sirhan Threatened Doctor in Disability Check Quest," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, June 8.

91 "Sirhan was unemployed": FBI memo to SAC, Los Angeles, June 14; FBI Chronology of Sirhan's Life, December 16; LAPD, 369.

92 "Though there seemed to be": Mary Sirhan quoted in Riverside Press-Enterprise, June 8; Welch FBI interview, June 6.

92 "Tom Rathke": Rathke LAPD interview, quoted in Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 180.

92 "Sirhan's older brother Sharif": Sharif Sirhan LAPD interview, quoted in Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 180,200; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 132-34.

92 "Now that Sirhan wasn't working": Sirhan trial testimony, 4896-4902.

92 "John Strathman": John and Patricia Strathman trial testimony, 5381-5415; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 212-13.

93 "That April": Sirhan trial testimony, 4916-22; LAPD, 393, 399.

94 "The first two": Photocopy of pages from Sirhan's notebook, CSA.

95 "While capturing Sirhan's alienation": LAPD, 464, 471.

95 "Page twenty-one": Photocopy of page from Sirhan's notebook, CSA.

96 "Sirhan was later asked": Sirhan trial testimony, 4986-93.

97 "The '$2000' reference": LAPD, 371, 375-78; "Sirhan Threatened Doctor in Disability Check Quest," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, June 8. This article states that in a settlement filed on March 15, "a referee calculated Sirhan was 5.5 percent disabled for 22 weeks and deserved $1155 plus the $95 in doctors' bills." A doctor reviewing the settlement finally settled on $2,000 as "adequate," to include the doctors' bills and $200 for Sirhan's attorney. Therefore, Sirhan could not have known the figure was $2,000 until March 15 -- the day before Robert Kennedy announced he would run for president.

97 "Sirhan was still out of work": LAPD, 366, 371.

97 "He was a good worker": "Yorty Reveals Suspect's Memo Set Death Date," Los Angeles Times, June 6.

98 "Mrs. Donald Boyko": Boyko FBI interview, June 13.

99 "In late January"; Sirhan trial testimony, 5120-22, 5279-82, 5287; Erhard trial testimony, 3749-55; Price trial testimony, 3756-61; Munir Sirhan, interview with the author.

99 "Munir was the wild one": LAPD, 346, 348-50; "Deportation for Sirhan's Brother?" Los Angeles Herald Examiner, June 24, 1969.

100 "What did you want": Sirhan trial testimony, 5277-78 (cross-examination by prosecutor Lynn Compton).

100 "Why did you want": Sirhan trial testimony, 5121-23 (questioning by Cooper).

100 "The brothers bought the gun": Munir Sirhan, interview with the author; LAPD, 393.

100 "On March 7"; LAPD, 366-67, 380; Boyko FBI interview, June 13.

101 "Later in the day": LAPD, 367.

101 "Sirhan interviewed"; Family friend Linda Damakian, quoted in LAPD, 388.

101 "Contrary to previous claims": Mary, Adel, and Munir Sirhan FBI interviews, June 5.

101 "Out of work again": Sirhan trial testimony, 4923-24.

101 "Sirhan also had time": Sirhan trial testimony, 5120-26.

102 "On April 12, 1968": LAPD, 371-72; Mary Sirhan FBI interview, June 5; Clark FBI interview, September 11.

102 "On May 2"; LAPD, 4670-74; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 227-28.

102 "In early May": Sirhan trial testimony, 5102-8.

103 "Do you recall?": Sirhan trial testimony, 4972-74.

104 "The documentary in question": Jansen, Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed, 193.

104 "Author Robert Blair Kaiser": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 420-21. Authors Godfrey Jansen and Mel Ayton incorrectly date the first broadcast as May 15. Los Angeles Times TV listings confirm May 20 as the first screening in the Los Angeles area.

104 "To complicate matters": Sirhan trial testimony, 4970-74.

105 "Kennedy made three": Jansen, Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed, 189; David Lawrence, "Paradoxical Bob," Pasadena Independent Star-News, May 26.

106 "On the night of May 26": Jansen, Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed, 189-90; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 126,420-21. On June 10, Sirhan received the first of several letters from John Lawrence, a pro-Arab, anti-Zionist campaigner in New York, informing him of Kennedy's promise to send the bombers in his May 26 speech. Kaiser argued that this was the first Sirhan heard about the bombers and that he post-rationalized the shooting in the light of Kennedy's pledge. But, at trial, Sirhan insisted he saw the documentary and heard the radio broadcast before the shooting.

106 "The next day": This photograph is reprinted in Godfrey Jansen's Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed.

107 "It was the hot news": Sirhan trial testimony, 4976-78. Sirhan is mixing up the two speeches here. A hot news report about sending the bombers would have referred to the speech in Portland rather than the Jewish Club in Beverly Hills.

107 "On Tuesday, May 28": Sirhan trial testimony, 5126-30; LAPD, 394-96.

107 "While this political rage": LAPD, 387; Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 248; "Family Remains Silent," New York Times, June 7.

108 "On June 1": LAPD, 372.

108 "At 12:50": LAPD, 605-7; William Marks LAPD interview, December 13; Harry Starr LAPD interview, December 13; SUS Daily Summary of Activities (Lieutenant Keene), December 19.

108 "During the trial": Starr trial testimony, 4261-67.

109 "Sirhan left the range": Sirhan trial testimony, 5153-54; Larry Arnot FBI interview, June 16; LAPD, 497-501, 605.

110 "One of the owners": Ben and Donna Herrick FBI interviews, June 16; Adel Sirhan FBI interview, June 17; LAPD, 601, 998.

110 "If Sirhan missed": Jansen, Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed, 191-92.

111 "On Sunday, June 2": Sirhan trial testimony, 5130-35.

111 "Sirhan stopped off": Sirhan trial testimony, 5136-45.

112 "In a later interview": Sirhan interview with NBC reporter Jack Perkins, recorded May 22, 1969, broadcast as First Tuesday: The Mind of an Assassin, June 3, 1969.

113 "Sirhan couldn't explain": Sirhan trial testimony, 5145-46.

5. The Girl in the Polka-Dot Dress

114 "The last thing Sirhan remembered": Audio recording of Dr. Bernard L. Diamond's psychiatric session with Sirhan, January 26, 1969; Diamond trial testimony, 6935-44; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 304-5, 349-51.

115. "On May 20": William Schneid FBI interview, June 19; Carl Jackson FBI interview, June 20.

115 "As a line formed": Albert LeBeau FBI interview, June 7; LeBeau summary in LAPD, 1038.

116 "Dr. Joseph Sheehan": Joseph and Margaret Sheehan FBI interviews, June 26; Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 246.

116 "On May 30": Laverne Botting FBI interview, July 19; Botting summary in LAPD, 887; Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 222-23.

117 "But Ethel Crehan": Ethel Crehan LAPD interviews, June 7 and August 7; Crehan FBI interview, July 19.

117 "Botting and Crehan": Botting LAPD interview, cited in Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 222.

117 "Early Saturday morning": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 222; Dean Pack summary in LAPD, 1098.

118 "June 4, 9:15 a.m.": John Henry Fahey FBI interviews, June 6, 7, and 20; transcript of Fernando Faura interview with Fahey, June 12; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 116-17.

120 "Chief among these was Sandra Serrano": Serrano interview with Vanocur, broadcast at approximately 1:30 a.m. on June 5 by NBC; audiotapes and tape transcripts of Serrano LAPD interviews, June 5 (2:35 a.m. and 4:00 a.m.); Serrano FBI interview, June 6-7.

122 "The man was John Ambrose": Serrano quoted the girl as saying "We've shot him" in her NBC and first LAPD interviews and "We shot him" at times thereafter; John Ambrose FBI interview, June 10.

123 "Just before Serrano appeared on television": Di Pierro FBI interview, June 10.

123 "Vince was a college student": Di Pierro LAPD interview, June 5; grand jury testimony, June 7.

125 "Worse followed for investigators": Serrano FBI interview, June 6-7.

125 "Early descriptions of Sirhan": Serrano, interview with the author.

125 "At 11:50 a.m. on June 5": LAPD, 767. SUS Chief Houghton claimed in his book that this APB "was put out around 3 a.m." (Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 31). There is no paperwork to support this, and the APB in the LAPD final report timed it as 11:50 a.m. Houghton also stated, "Her companion was also sought: 'Male, Mexican-American, 23, wearing a gold sweater.''' This is not true. By 3 a.m., Sharaga's APB had been canceled, and no further call went out for the girl's male companion.

125 "As Di Pierro was testifying": Similar notations were scrawled across six other interview summaries relating to the polka-dot-dress investigation, dated June 6 or 7. The writing is apparently Pena's, but as Melanson notes, these dates are before SUS was set up and Pena had even started work on the case (Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 240; DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 586).

125 "Di Pierro's grand jury testimony": FBI Teletype from Oklahoma City office to Director, June 5.

125 "The LAPD advised the FBI": FBI Teletype to Director from SAC, Los Angeles, June 8, quoting Lieutenant Charles Hughes, LAPD Rampart Division.

125 "Late that Friday afternoon": "Dancer Tells Sheriff She May Be 'Girl in Polka-Dot Dress,''' Los Angeles Times, June 8; FBI report on Fulmer, June 11.

126 "Sandra Serrano viewed Fulmer": "Witness Eliminates Dancer as 'Girl in Polka-Dot Dress,''' Los Angeles Times, June 9; LAPD, 418.

126 "On June 7": FBI report on Serrano, June 12; LAPD, 410-11; Irene Chavez summary in LAPD, 907; David Haines FBI interview, June 11.

126 "On June 10": LAPD, 412-13.

126 "They zeroed in": Serrano LAPD interviews, June 5, 2:35 a.m. and 4 a.m.

127 "She was right": Serrano confirmed to the author that the police did not show her Sirhan's picture on the morning of the shooting. The first time she saw it was in the Los Angeles Times the following day, June 6.

128 "Deputy DA John Howard": FBI "urgent" Teletype summary to Director on Serrano, dated June 11, 12-13.

128 "By now": Ibid., 12; LAPD audiotape of interview on stairway, June 10.

128 "Later that day": Rose Haimes summary in LAPD, 984 (Haimes was Serrano's supervisor at the United Insurance Company of America).

128 "Late the following afternoon": FBI report on Serrano phone call, dated June 12.

128 "On June 19": LAPD, 413-14.

129 "On the morning of June 20": LAPD, 413, titled "Elements of the Investigation Conflict."

129 "Serrano's story bears": Sharaga's Command Post Log, June 5, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD log of radio dispatches, June 5, quoted in DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 547-48; Sharaga's copy of his original report for Captain Phillips, June 5; Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 14; Transcript of Sharaga interview with Kevin, RFKAA; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 73-77; Notarized written declaration of Sharaga, July 25, 1991; written statement of Sharaga, November 17, 1992; Moldea, Killing of Rouert Kennedy, 40,60,71-72.

131 "Irene Gizzi": Irene Gizzi LAPD interview, June 6.

132 "Two fourteen-year-old high school volunteers": Jeanette Prudhomme LAPD interview, June 5.

132 "Katie Keir": Katie Keir LAPD interviews, June 5 and August 7.

132 "Washington Post reporter Mary Ann Wiegers": Mary Ann Wiegers FBI interview, October 9. While Wiegers's account quotes the girl as saying "a black dress with white polka dots," Keir clearly described a white dress with black polka dots in her LAPD interviews.

132 "Twenty-one-year-old college student Richard Houston": Richard Houston LAPD interview, September 22.

133 "Jack Merritt": Merritt FBI interview, June 9; Merritt LAPD interview, June 21.

133 "Thirty-three-year-old Watts organizer George Green": Green FBI interviews, June 6 and July 15. In a later LAPD interview (August 1), Green supposedly put Sirhan's height at five foot and described a "dark dress [with] ... some kind of white dots," so the LAPD dismissed him (Green summary, LAPD, 975-76). But as Melanson notes, there are no tapes of this interview, so we can't be sure this interview summary wasn't just another LAPD tactic to smear another witness to a girl in a polka-dot dress fleeing the kitchen (Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 277).

133 "More and more stories started appearing": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 174-75; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 83; Fahey LAPD interview summary, September 13. Gugas, a past president of the American Polygraph Association, worked for the CIA in Greece and Turkey in the fifties and became one of America's foremost polygraph experts, twice giving polygraph tests to James Earl Ray and concluding that Ray was lying when he claimed innocence in the King murder. Gugas tested Fahey on August 24 and told the LAPD that he felt Fahey had been truthful during the examination and that "no one could tell such a convincing story" unless he was telling the truth (Gugas obituary, Washington Post, November 12,2007, and Los Angeles Times, November 15, 2007; LAPD, 564-65).

Note: There were many more witnesses to a girl in a polka-dot dress at the hotel, but I have chosen to include only those I feel are the most credible and consistent with other descriptions. There were many women wearing polka-dot dresses at the hotel that night (head of security William Gardner estimated as many as thirty), but the witness descriptions of the girl's behavior and appearance outlined here bear great similarities to one another.
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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:49 pm

PART 2 OF 3

6. The Polygraph Test

135 "On June 20": Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 120.

135 "In 1992, Pena reflected on his dilemma": Manuel Pena's four-hour interview with attorney Marilyn Barrett, September 12, 1992. Barrett kindly sent me an audio recording of this interview and forwarded my request to Pena's family for an interview. Unfortunately, Pena was eighty-nine at the time and too ill to be interviewed, even by phone. Nonetheless, much of the Barrett interview has been previously overlooked by researchers, and helps illuminate Pena's career in Chapter 16.

135 "Pena's antipathy to Serrano": see discussion of "backfires/gunshots" above, 126-27.

135 "In his widely used textbook": Pena, Practical Criminal Investigation, 127.

136 "The accuracy of the polygraph": Matte, Forensic Psychophysiology, 20.

136 "Polygraphs are inadmissible": U.S. v. Scheffer, 523 U.S. 303, 1998.

136 "A 1997 survey": "Telling the Truth About Lie Detectors," USA Today, September 9, 2002.

136 "Bearing this in mind": Sergeant Enrique Hernandez SUS profile, LAPD flies, CSA.

136 "Pena told Barrett": Pena interview with Barrett; Pena, Practical Criminal Investigation, 130.

136 "In fact": LAPD audiotapes of Hernandez's pre-polygraph interviews with Sandra Serrano (June 20) and Vincent Di Pierro (July 1).

136 "Serrano's interrogation": According to the LAPD transcript, Serrano's post-polygraph interview with Hernandez began at 10:15 p.m. They had changed rooms, and he had gone off to find a stenographer and a tape recorder. Working back from this point, I agree with Melanson and estimate that the polygraph test was conducted between nine and ten (Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 248). On Pena comment, see Pena interview with Barrett.

137 "The evening started well": Serrano, interview with the author.

137 ''I'm the last person": LAPD audiotapes of Serrano's pre-polygraph and polygraph interviews with Hernandez, June 20.

142 "When Hernandez came back": LAPD audiotape and tape transcript of Serrano's postpolygraph interview with Hernandez, June 20.

142 "This was obviously not true": Di Pierro FBI interview, June 10.

143 "Sergeant Hernandez's report": Hernandez report to Captain Brown, December 16; LAPD, 415-16.

143 "The day after the Serrano polygraph": "Police Halt Hunt for Mystery Girl in Kennedy Case," Los Angeles Times, June 22; Canceled APB, LAPD, 768.

143 "Sandy Serrano quit her job": Rose Haimes summary in LAPD, 984; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 82; Gregory Abbott LAPD interview, July 17.

144 "Three days after the LAPD": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 256.

144 "In 1992, Marilyn Barrett": Pena interview with Barrett.

145 "In December 2006": Serrano, interview with the author.

148 "On July 1": LAPD audiotapes of Di Pierro's interview with Hernandez, July l.

151 "They moved to another room": Ibid.; LAPD transcript of Di Pierro statement taken on July I, 12:52 p.m.

151 "I met Vincent in Los Angeles": Di Pierro, interview with the author.

152 "While Vincent strongly resisted": Di Pierro LAPD interview, July 1; Di Pierro grand jury testimony, June 7; Di Pierro trial testimony, 3205-21 (February 14), 3231-59 (February (7). Di Pierro was on the stand for less than an hour total, either side of the weekend. He was cross-examined by Cooper for less than twenty minutes.

152 "On July 19": Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 212.

152 "A later progress report": Gizzi LAPD interview, June 6. Gizzi's original interview report (June 6) starts with the line "Re-interview all persons named in this interview." The report seems to have been revised after the Hernandez interview with Serrano.

153 "Two months later": LAPD progress report on "Students for Kennedy" investigation by Lieutenant Higbie, August 16; Gizzi LAPD interview, August 6; Keir LAPD interview, August 7; Prudhomme LAPD interview, August 8.

153 "By the end of August": Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 243.

153 "The last man standing": Hernandez summary of LAPD interviews with Fahey, September 13. This report covers Fahey's previous accounts, the polygraph conducted on September 5, and the reinterview four days later. LAPD tape transcript of Fahey interview, September 9; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 224-25.

155 "The final report": LAPD, 567. Fahey died in 1996. He was never interviewed again about Gilda Dean, aka Gilderdene Oppenheimer. Oppenheimer has never been found.

155 "After dismissing or discrediting": LAPD, 421-22; LAPD photographs of Schulte (three black and white, one color), CSA.

155 "But there are a couple of obvious problems": Schulte LAPD interview, July 9, 1969; FBI interview, August 13.

155 "Vincent Di Pierro said": LAPD audiotape and transcript of Di Pierro interview, June 5; Di Pierro FBI interview, June 7.

155 "As with the polygraph examinations": Di Pierro trial testimony.

155 "The crux of the problem": Di Pierro trial testimony; Di Pierro, interview with the author.

156 "In late September": Sharaga's Command Post Log, June 5, LAPD files, CSA; LAPD log of radio dispatches, June 5, quoted in DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 547-48; Sharaga's copy of his original report for Captain Phillips, June 5; Sharaga's alleged LAPD interview, September 26; Houghton, Special Unit Senator, 14; transcript of Sharaga interview with Kevin, RFKAA; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 73-77,83; Sharaga letter to Christian, June 22,1988; Special Report by Christian, Easy Reader, November 17, 1988, RFKAA; notarized written declaration of Sharaga, July 25, 1991; written statement of Sharaga, November 17, 1992; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 40,60,71-72.

158 "Sharaga told me": Sharaga, telephone interview with the author.

158 "When Marilyn Barrett": Pena interview with Barrett.

7. Security on the Night

159 "Look magazine reporter": Rogers, When I Think of Bobby, 53.

159 "Barry had first met Kennedy": Heymann, RFK, 492; Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 722; Plimpton and Stein, American Journey, 182.

159 "On March 23": Witcover, 85 Days, 113-14.

160 "Once, as a group of kids": Ibid., 149.

160 "Kennedy didn't want Barry": Ibid., 203.

160 "Fred Dutton": Ibid., 91.

160 "At night": Ibid., 246; Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 968.

161 "In this campaign year": Kennedy most famously used this quote during a statement on the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Indianapolis, Indiana, April 4: "Aeschylus wrote: In our sleep, pain which cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart until, in our despair, against our will, comes wisdom through the awful grace of God. What we need in the United States is not division; what we need in the United States is not hatred; what we need in the United States is not violence or lawlessness; but love and wisdom, and compassion toward one another, and a feeling of justice toward those who still suffer within our country, whether they be white or they be black. ... Let us dedicate ourselves to what the Greeks wrote so many years ago: to tame the savageness of man and make gentle the life of the world" (RFK, "Statement on the Assassination of Martin Luther King," April 4, JFK Library).

161 "On April 11": Plimpton and Stein, American journey, 291; Witcover, 85 Days, 147; Heymann, RFK,492.

161 "Barry and aide Walter Sheridan": Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 969.

161 "The traveling press pack": Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy, 969; Plimpton and Stein, American journey, 292-93.

161 "Kennedy told NBC reporter": Plimpton and Stein, American journey.

162 "First, on May 20": Witcover, 85 Days, 207; Plimpton and Stein, American journey, 299-300.

162 "But tensions with the LAPD": LAPD, 578.

163 "On May 29": LAPD, 127-30; "Police Charge 100 Traffic Violations to Kennedy Caravan," Los Angeles Times, May 30.

164 "It was an extraordinary performance": Dutton obituary, Los Angeles Times, June 27, 2005.

164 "The LAPD Descriptive Summary": LAPD, 1-2, 124-26, 131-32.

164 "Los Angeles Police Department policy": "Personal Bodyguards at Hotel Were Only Security Measure," Los Angeles Times, June 6.

165 "Chief Reddin and Mayor Yorty": "Did RFK's Order Seal His Death?" Los Angeles Herald Examiner, August 29, 1976; article on Marion Hoover, National Enqllirer, October 26, 1976; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 318-19.

165 "Kennedy's press secretary": The R.F.K. Story in 1988 broadcast claim and counterclaim. Mayor Sam Yorty said, "When they came to Los Angeles, he wouldn't let us give him any police protection.''''That is wrong," countered Salinger. "We asked for it and were refused protection at that time by Mayor Yorty."

165: "In the days before": Juan Romero FBI interview, June 6; Frances Bailey FBI interview, June 14.

165 "Sometime during the evening": Mark Armbruster LAPD interview, August 19.

166 "And so, on the night": Bill Barry quoted in LAPD, 131.

166 "After the polls closed": Richard Kline FBI interview, June 12.

167 "Fred Dutton and Bill Barry": LAPD, 131-33. Jack Gallivan FBI interview, June 14; Eddie Minasian LAPD interview transcript, June 5; Rosey Grier LAPD interview, June 19.

167 "As Kennedy spoke": Uno Timanson written statement, June 6.

167 "Behind Kennedy": Karl Uecker trial testimony, 3081, 3086, 3118-19; network footage of Kennedy leaving the stage.

169 "One of the first things": By the end of July, Sergeant Varney "had developed a list of 53 names, all reported to be in the Colonial Room at the time of the shooting ... of these, 28 have (so far) been interviewed" (Colonial Room Progress Report, July 30, LAPD files, CSA).

169 "Detectives got to work immediately": Fred Dutton LAPD interviews, June 5 and September 6 (from LAPD audiotapes and interview summaries).

170 "But between the Dutton interviews": Colonial Room Progress Report.

170 "Part of the problem": Barry LAPD interviews, June 5 and 21.

170 "To further muddy the waters": Thadis Heath LAPD interview, July 23.

170 "Hotel liaison Uno Timanson": Timanson FBI interview, June 7; Witcover, 85 Days, 265.

170 "Advance man Jack Gallivan": Gallivan FBI interview, June 14.

171 "Word filtered through": Stanley Kawalec FBI interview, June 7.

171 "The LAPD never made": James Marooney FBI interview, September 25.

171 "If this had been": Life photographer Bill Eppridge recalled, "We had a procedure where a couple of photographers and the television crew would form a wedge to get him through a crowd. Behind the point of the wedge was his bodyguard, Bill Barry. The Senator could shake hands ... could move around behind us as we walked backwards through the crowd, photographing him. It worked well for everybody" ("The Last Campaign," Nikon Legends Behind the Lens series, 2004).

171 "As Kennedy finished his speech": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 24; Witcover, 85 Days, 265; Nina Rhodes FBI interview, July 9.

172 "Standing onstage": Network footage of Kennedy leaving the stage; audio recording of Barbara Frank.

172 "But in the maelstrom": In footage of Kennedy leaving the stage, he either ignores or doesn't see Bill Barry. CBS electrician John Lewis, onstage with Wilson, heard Barry say, '''Bobby, we're supposed to go this way' ... through the crowd. The Senator answered 'no' and headed down the steps toward the rear" (Lewis FBI interview, June 20). Life photographer Bill Eppridge heard Barry twice beckon Kennedy offstage the same way he came on, but the senator didn't reply (Eppridge FBI interview, June 17).

173 "Five hours later:" LAPD audiotape of Barry interview, June 5; Barry trial transcript, 3446-47.

173 "Fred Dutton was also": Dutton LAPD interview transcript, September 6.

173 "As Grier, Dutton, and Barry": Rosey Grier LAPD interview, June 19; Barry FBI interview, June 18.

173 "Uecker and Minasian": Uecker trial testimony, 3119-20. Before the grand jury on June 7, Uecker said, "Their minds were changed at the last minute. When 1came out [into the back hallway]' I just remember that somebody told me, 'Turn to your right. Bring towards the Colonial Room .... I think it was Mr. Uno Timanson.'" Minasian also heard the new directions but in the dark couldn't say who gave them (Uecker and Minasian grand jury testimony).

174 "The only Kennedy staff": Rick Rosen LAPD interview, June 27; FBI interview, July 12; Gallivan FBI interview, June 14; Gallivan trial testimony, 3444-47; Timanson written statement, June 6; Barry LAPD interview, June 5. Rosen said he and Gallivan were "ten or fifteen feet ahead." Gallivan told the FBI he was twenty to twenty-five feet ahead of Kennedy.

174 "The CBS crew": Bob Funk FBI interview, June 21.

174 "Grier, Johnson, Dutton": Grier and Rafer Johnson LAPD interviews, June 19; Dutton LAPD interview, June 5.

174 "The LAPD ran": Confidential background check on Dutton, LAPD files, CSA; Timanson, phone conversation with the author; Barry, phone conversation with the author.

174 "The LAPD final report": LAPD, 142-44.

175 "Although the group": Dick Drayne undated FBI interview; Jimmy Breslin FBI interview, June 20; Richard Kline trial testimony, 4108-J 7; Judy Royer trial testimony, 3906-7. Kline was told of the change "about fifteen to twenty minutes before the Senator spoke." He then asked Royer to go brief the press in the Colonial Room.

175 "One AP reporter": Robert Thomas LAPD interview, August 15.

175 "About forty-five minutes": James B. Jones LAPD interview, July 18; Captain Kenneth Held LAPD interview, July 19.

175 "So, while the group": Breslin LAPD interview, July 30.

175 "Whether Sirhan picked up": For Sirhan's encounter with Perez and Patrusky, see Chapter I, page 10.

176 "When I've discussed": Bradley Ayers, interview with the author; David Rabern, interview with the author.

176 "It's difficult, though": In 1975, Uecker told attorney Vincent Bugliosi: "There is no way the shots described in the autopsy could have come from Sirhan's gun .... Sirhan never got close enough for a point blank shot, never."

176 "The hotel security force": William Gardner LAPD interview, June 14; FBI interview, June 8; Murphy LAPD interview, June 17; for "looked ridiculous," see audiotape of Lloyd Curtis LAPD interview, June 17.

176 "The Kennedy campaign": LAPD, 122, 133-35; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 24; Jack Merritt LAPD interview, July 26, 1971.

177 "As the Embassy Ballroom": Merritt LAPD interview, June 21; Albert Stowers LAPD interview, June 20; LAPD, 134, 137.

177 "Two guards were screening": The guards were Lloyd Curtis and Willie Bell.

177 "Fire inspectors": LAPD, 134; Marcus McBroom LAPD interview, July 5; Valerie Schulte LAPD interview, July 9; Royer LAPD interview, July 23.

177 "Cesar later admitted": Audiotape of Thane Eugene Cesar LAPD interview, July 24; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 208.

178 "Fred Murphy": Audiotape of Murphy LAPD interview, June 17.

178 "When Kennedy entered": Gardner LAPD interview, June 14; Jesus Perez FBI interview, June 8; Cesar LAPD interviews, June 5 and 24; Murphy LAPD interview, June 17.

179 "Three days after the shooting": Gardner FBI interview, June 8.

180 "At 11:25": Audiotape of Lloyd Curtis LAPD interview, June 17.

180 "Willie Bell": Bell FBI interview, June 9.

181 "Gardner's accounts": Gardner FBI interview, June 12; Kawalec FBI interview, June 7; Gardner LAPD interview, June 14.

181 "In his second FBI interview": Gardner FBI interview, August 12; Frank Hendrix interview with Betsy Langman, RFKAA.

182 "There are only two pages": Merritt FBI interview, June 9; LAPD interview, June 21.

182 "The guns of Merritt": Merritt was interviewed by LAPD sergeants Varney and O'Steen. O'Steen reinterviewed Cesar alone three days later. His initial interview was on the morning of the shooting, and audiotapes of both interviews suggest that his gun was never checked.

182 "Twelve days after interviewing Cesar": LAPD audiotape of Merritt interview, July 26, 1971, CSA; Merritt death certificate, June 8, 1975.

183 "As they left": In his second police interview, Cesar said Murphy told him "to go out through the main kitchen openings, where the swinging doors are, and to get the other security guard to keep the crowd out." He identified this guard to researcher Ted Charach as Jack Merritt (audiotape of Cesar interview with Charach, 1969) and later told Dan Moldea he summoned both Merritt and Stowers into the pantry (Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 212).

184 "While Merritt's account": The suspects Merritt saw fled north through the kitchen. Serrano was sitting on the stairs leading down from the southwest corner of the Embassy Ballroom.

184 "Merritt's statements": Stowers LAPD interview, June 20.

184 "In the Vegas interview": LAPD audiotape of Merritt interview, July 26, 1971.

185 "Merritt died in West Virginia": Merritt death certificate; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 201. A 1974 CIA memo quoted in DiEugenio and Pease states that the "DCD [Domestic Contacts Division] has had a close and continuing relationship with ... Hughes Aircraft Company since 1948 ... [and] has contacted over 250 individuals in the company since the start of our association" (DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 604). 8. Sirhan's Defense Team

186 "At 7:25 a.m.": LAPD, 42, 106. The LAPD final report lists both 7:08 and 7:25 a.m. as the time of Sirhan's arraignment. Sergeant Jordan, who was present, timed it at 7:25 a.m. (Jordan report to Lt. M.S. Pena, October 9).

186 "Later, during the trial": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 293, 428.

187 "In the audiotapes": LAPD audiotapes of Sirhan in custody; Sirhan NBC interview with Perkins.

187 "Wirin later told": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 92; Kaiser e-mail to author; Rose Lynn Mangan, interview with the author.

187 "Wirin may have had": Lane, Plausible Denial, 52, quoted in DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 573-74.

188 "On Friday, June 7": LAPD, 106; "Jail Chapel Used as Court to Bar 'Another Dallas,'" New York Times, June 8.

188 "Robert Kaiser had been": Kaiser, interview with the author.

188 "Cooper was a friend of Kaiser's": Russell Parsons, interview with Langman, 1974, RFKAA; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 123.

189 "Cooper was sixty-five years old": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 26.

189 "Cooper subsequently": "Priceless Defenders," Time, January 17, 1969.

189 "Back by the pool": Kaiser, interview with the author; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 122-24.

189 "The Friars Club case": "Five Found Guilty in Friars Cheating Case" and "U.S. Probes Alleged Transcript Bribe in Friars Club Trial," Los Angeles Times, December 3.

189 "These were troubling bedfellows": Russo, Live by the Sword, 395, from presidential recording released by the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, Austin, TX.

190 "Fifteen minutes": Russo, Live by the Sword, 417, citing "LBJ diary page discovered by researcher G.R. Dodge in the handwriting file at the LBJ Library in Austin, TX."

190 "Years later": Ayers, The War That Never Was, 38, and The Zenith Secret, 57.

190 "So Cooper agreed": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 27.

191 "Wirin went up": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 127-29.

191 "Russell Parsons": "Sirhan Hires New Defence Attorney," Los Angeles Times, June 20.

191 "Parsons also brought": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 245; LAPD, 1430.

192 "Parsons also held": Parsons, interview with Langman.

192 "Also waiting": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 32.

192 "McCowan was": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 152, 202.

192 "After graduating": Teeter, Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, July 19, 2002, 31-33.

192 "Parsons defended McCowan": Parsons, interview with Langman, RFKAA; Allen, interview with Langman, 1973, RFKAA.

193 "Today, Mike McCowan": McCowan, interview with the author.

194 "On July 3": Teeter petition, 32-33.

194 "Two weeks": "U.S. Probes Alleged Transcript Bribe in Friars Club Trial," Los Angeles Times, December 3; "Lawyer Admits He Lied About Friars Transcript," Los Angeles Times, January 4, 1969; "Cooper Ordered to Answer Friars Transcript Quiz," January 8, 1969; "Grant Cooper, 10 Others Indicted," Los Angeles Times, August 7,1969; Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 44-49.

195 "As the forty-member": LAPD, 107; McCowan, interview with the author. For "forty-member," see SUS roster prepared by Sergeant Michael Nielsen, November 5, LAPD files, CSA. The roster lists forty investigators and two secretaries. In his interview with Barrett, Manuel Pena described setting up "a forty-man task force to handle the case." With Chief Houghton and Captain Brown, he picked "just about the fortiest sharpest guys on the Department in every category ... and started the unit."

195 "The police were not cooperative": Parsons, interview with Langman; Allen, interview with Langman.

196 "On August 2": "Three Months to See Why?" Los Angeles Herald Examiner, August 3.

196 "Parson's main worry": Kaiser, interview with the author.

196 "Parsons met Kaiser": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 175-78.

196 "Kaiser eventually contributed": Unpublished preface to planned second edition of Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 1999.

196 "So now there were four": Parsons, interview with Langman; McCowan, interview with Langman, RFKAA. No date is given for the McCowan interview, but it was probably conducted in 1973, when Langman interviewed McCowan's partner, Ron Allen.

197 "In his book": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" quoted in Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 28-29.

197 "When I interviewed": McCowan, interview with the author; Kaiser interview with the author.

197 "The key for both men": McCowan, interview with the author.

197 "The first was": Muzzey, History of the American People (Boston: Ginn, 1929), 527.

198 "Another book": The Transformation of Modern Europe, 576. Photocopies of the pages from both books supplied by McCowan.

198 "This second passage": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 170-71; McCowan, interview with the author.

198 "Grant Cooper later overruled": Eric Marcus trial testimony, 6791, 6796-97; Bernard Diamond trial testimony, 6896; both cited in Teeter petition, 36-37.

199 "In the nineties": Teeter petition, 34-39.

199 "But at the time": McCowan, interview with the author.

200 "As Sirhan sat in jail": Kaiser, interview with the author.

200 "This deal": Sirhan undated notes on yellow legal pad, supplied by McCowan. I read these notes onto tape during my visit with McCowan, so I could later make a transcript.

201 "The note seems": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 235.

201 "When Robert Blair Kaiser": Kaiser, interview with the author. For Kaiser agreement, see Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 221-23.

202 "Sirhan also withheld": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 238-39.

202 "By mid-September": "Completion Dates for S.U.S. Personnel," September 11, LAPD files, CSA. After September 20, fourteen men would stay on to wrap up the case.

202 "On October 12": Marcus trial testimony, 6811-14; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 229-31.

204 "While Sirhan rationalized": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 237-38.

204 "On October 14": LAPD, 678.

204 "Chief Deputy DA Lynn Compton": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 36,151-53; "Both Sides Agree Sirhan Was Alone," Los Angeles Times, October 15.

205 '''We had so much"': Kaiser, interview with the author.

205 "Cooper never questioned": Cooper later told Betsy Langman: "1 came into the case with a pre-conceived notion that Sirhan had done the shooting ... I never dreamed that anybody else fired a shot ... that thought never entered my head" (Cooper, interview with Langman, 1971, RFKAA).

205 "McCowan and Kaiser": McCowan, interview with the author; Kaiser, interview with the author.

206 "McCowan wrote up": McCowan, interview with the author; McCowan summaries on Di Pierro and Cesar, RFKAA.

206 "This seems to be": Cesar FBI interview, June 10; Cooper, interview with Langman; Parsons, interview with Langman.

206 "Kaiser and McCowan": Kaiser, interview with the author; McCowan, interview with the author; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 59.

207 "Various LAPD documents": SUS Daily Summary of Activities (DSA), November 1 and 4, cited in Teeter petition, 97.

208 "On November 5": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 240.

208 "On November 26": Ibid., 242.

208 "On December 2": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 39, 42; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 244.

209 "'Cooper was kind of"': Kaiser, interview with the author.

209 "From reading": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 244-45.

209 "From this point on": Ibid., 258.

209 "Cooper visited": Ibid., 247-48.

210 "On his next visit": Ibid., 249-54.

211 "On December 10": FBI memo to Director, December 13, 1969.

212 "In the week before Christmas": LAPD, 681; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 259-61.

212 "Bob Kaiser visited Sirhan": Kaiser, "Sirhan in Jail."

9. Sirhan's Memory

213 "Sirhan got up early": LAPD activity chart for Sirhan (LAPD, 616-21), quoting Mary Sirhan and Sidney McDaniel.

213 "According to one FBI report": FBI memorandum from SA Richards to SAC, Los Angeles, November 18.

213 "Mary Sirhan": The LAPD activity chart quotes Mary Sirhan as saying that Sirhan was home from twelve thirty p.m. to one p.m. and from four thirty p.m. on. His whereabouts in between are "unknown."

213 "According to Robert Kaiser": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 534.

213 "Grant Cooper": Sirhan trial testimony, 5145. Cooper goes straight from a discussion of June 2 to June 4.

214 "June 3": LAPD, 350. FBI report of Amedee O. Richards, June 9, 923-24, and August 1, 1969, 27-28; "Deportation for Sirhan's Brother?" Los Angeles Herald Examiner, June 24, 1969. Munir was arrested on June 10, 1966, for possession of and offering to sell marijuana to a state narcotics officer. He was found guilty of possession four months later and sentenced to a year in jail and five years' probation. As Munir was nineteen at the time of the incident, Munir's attorney later persuaded the court to vacate the sentence and transfer it to juvenile court. On July 11, 1967, Munir was ordered deported to Jordan due to his felony conviction but subsequently appealed the deportation order in light of his vacated sentence. A decision was pending at the time of the shooting.

214 "Vernon Most": Vernon Most LAPD interview, June 6.

214 "Elizabeth Raaegep": Elizabeth Raaegep LAPD interview, June 6; LAPD summary, 1119. It's not clear from LAPD reports how the conversation about guns started. Raaegep told officers her sons owned rifles "and I was telling Joe about hand gun laws that I had heard about." Her LAPD summary states, "Mr. Most was discussing guns and gun laws with Munir."

214 "On June 5": Most LAPD interview, June 6.

214 "Munir later denied": LAPD, 493-96; Darrel K. Gumm LAPD interviews, June 11 and 18. The first interview notes that "Gumm spoke with Munir on 6-10-68 pm and Munir denied buying the gun. Gumm met Sirhan several times but only in connection with his visits to the home to talk to Munir." Gumm was not related to Gwendalee Gum, the girl Sirhan had a crush on at PCC.

214 "While the timing": Munir Sirhan FBI interview, June 10.

214 "While some researchers": "Deportation for Sirhan's Brother?" Los Angeles Herald Examiner, June 24, 1969.

214 "On June 4": LAPD activity chart for Sirhan, quoting Mary Sirhan; Munir Sirhan FBI interview, June 5. Sirhan testified he got up around nine or ten (Sirhan trial testimony, 5145), but Munir saw him buying a newspaper around eight thirty. On Sirhan's plans for the day, see Sirhan trial testimony, 5147-48, 5150-51.

215 "He counted": Sirhan trial testimony, 5152-55. Strangely, I can find no record of Sirhan's visit to the East Pasadena Firearms Co. in LAPD files. On the timing of Sirhan's arrival at the gun range, see note for Chapter I, page 6. LAPD Officer Harry Lee appears on the sign-in sheet seven names above Sirhan. He was shooting on the rifle range, five hundred yards away, between ten thirty a.m. and one p.m. but did not see Sirhan (Lee LAPD interview, July 10).

215 "What kind of a shot are you?": Sirhan trial testimony, 5156.

215 "Sirhan's gun had a fixed sight": Ibid., 5157-58.

215 "Every so often": Ibid., 5156, 5159.

215 "Just before three": Michael Soccoman LAPD interview, June 5, quoted in Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 117-18; Soccoman summary in LAPD, 1141-42; Sirhan trial testimony, 5159-61, in which Cooper mistakenly refers to another witness at the range, David Montellano, instead of Soccoman.

216 "Did you have in mind": Sirhan trial testimony, 5161.

216 "Later on": Claudia and Ronald Williams FBI interviews, June 20; Sirhan trial testimony, 5162-64.

216 "On June 6": Williams call to Officer Goodman, six p.m., June 6, LAPD phone log.

217 "Mr. Buckner came over": Sirhan trial testimony, 5164-65.

217 "The prosecution would later argue": Analyzed evidence reports, included in LAPD, 842-43.

218 "Sirhan climbed into his beat-up": Gaymoard Mistri LAPD interview, July 11; Sirhan trial testimony, 5168-72. While Sirhan timed this meeting with Mistri as occurring at five fifteen, he didn't have a watch with him and spent only about forty-five minutes with Mistri. As the Arab friends left for a seven o'clock class, here I follow the timings Mistri gave the LAPD on July 11.

219 "Sirhan got in his car": Sirhan trial testimony, 5172-86.

219 "Sirhan later struggled": Audiotape of Sirhan interview with Dr. Pollack, January 28, 1969.

220 "Sirhan walked down to the Ambassador": Sirhan trial testimony, 5187-89, 5198-5205.

221 "Around nine thirty": Cordero and Rabago FBI statements, June 6; Sirhan trial testimony, 5205-7.

221 "I just came from the Rafferty party": At trial, Sirhan described leaving normal tips, and the police couldn't find a waiter who'd gotten a twenty-dollar tip. I think this twenty-dollar comment was an exaggeration.

221 "Around ten o'clock": Gonzalo Cetina-Carrillo FBI interview, June 12. Cetina trial testimony, 5509, 5514-16.

222 "Around the same time": Lonny Worthey FBI interview, June 7.

222 "Sirhan does remember": "I was mesmerized" from Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 29; "The keys" from Sirhan trial testimony, 5212.

222 "Grohs told the LAPD"; Mary Grohs LAPD interviews, July 22, 1968, and February 25, 1969. On timing of Grohs talking to Sirhan, see note for Chapter I, page 8.

222 "When Bob Kaiser": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 531-32.

222 "In Sirhan's own words"; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 29.

223 "At one point": Hans Bidstrup FBI interview, June 10; LAPD interview, July 23. Bidstrup said at trial that it was around ten. When Sirhan wrote out his memories of the night on a yellow legal pad for Michael McCowan soon after the shooting, he placed his chat with Bidstrup directly after his encounter with Cetina (after ten o'clock). But in Bidstrup's second LAPD interview (September 24), he timed his meeting with Sirhan as between eight forty five and nine fifteen. This is the timing the LAPD used in their activity chart, but on balance, between ten and eleven seems more likely.

223 "But Bidstrup later told"; Bidstrup trial testimony, 5481.

223 "By this time": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 28; Sirhan trial testimony, 5208-16.

224 "Sirhan couldn't remember"; Judy Royer FBI interview, June 13; Royer trial testimony, 3912-16.

225 "Shortly after eleven"; Robert Klase FBI interview, July 30.

225 "Half an hour": Jesus Perez LAPD interview transcript, June 5; Perez trial testimony, 3373-76; Martin Patrusky trial testimony, 3383-89.

225 "Sir, I don't know": Sirhan trial testimony, 5208.

225 "Barbara Rubin"; Barbara Rubin LAPD interview, September 10.

225 "Cooper asked Sirhan"; Sirhan trial testimony, 5216-22.

226 "Sirhan was arraigned"; Ibid., 5229-32.

10. Inside Sirhan's Mind

227 "Cooper appointed an old friend"; Diamond trial testimony, 6845.

227 "Cooper first brought Diamond"; Ibid., 6876-77, 6881-83.

227 "Diamond found Sirhan": Ibid., 6847; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 261-67.

229 "In this first interview": Diamond trial testimony, 6883-86.

230 "On January 2"; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 293-94.

230 "Diamond had three 'shortcuts"': Diamond trial testimony, 6916-17.

231 "Hypnosis was not a lie detector"; Ibid., 6921-24.

231 "After establishing a good rapport"; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 295-97.

231 "Somewhat to my surprise": Diamond trial testimony, 6922.

231 "Sirhan went into a sort of": Ibid., 6925-27.

232 "As Sirhan's sobbing abated": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 290-97.

232 "Dr. Crahan had noted": Diamond noted that as part of Sirhan's wake-up routine after hypnotic experiments, "He would visibly shiver and complain of being cold" (Diamond trial testimony, 6976).

232 "Sirhan could never remember": Ibid., 6928.

233 "On January 11": Ibid., 6931-34; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 302-5.

233 "Here, Sirhan seemed to": In his testimony, Dr. Diamond times these pauses as "four seconds" and "a second or two," respectively. As the audiotape of this session is no longer available, I favor Kaiser's description for accuracy. Kaiser was also present and had access to this tape while writing his book. Kaiser and subsequent psychiatrists who studied the case saw great significance in these pauses, while Dr. Diamond glossed over them briefly in the trial.

234 "Diamond visited Mary Sirhan": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 305-7.

235 "Later in court": Diamond trial testimony, 6887-99.

236 "On the afternoon of January 18": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 323-27.

238 "Cooper knew Sirhan was sick": Ibid., 333-45.

242 "Dr. Seymour Pollack": Ibid., 1St, 254.

242 "Pollack was introduced": Ibid., 345-48.

243 "Diamond put Sirhan under hypnosis again": Audiotape of Diamond and Pollack's psychiatric session with Sirhan, January 26, 1969; Diamond trial testimony, 6935-44; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 348-56.

251 "Over the next several days": Audiotape of Pollack's psychiatric interviews with Sirhan, January 27, 28, and 31, 1969; Kaiser, "R. F.K. Must Die!" 357-64.

252 "Diamond met Sirhan again": Audiotape of Diamond and Pollack's psychiatric session with Sirhan, February 1, 1969; Sirhan's writing on the yellow legal pad from this session, CSA; Diamond trial testimony, 6947-77; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 365-69.

256 "Do you think it's possible": Diamond trial testimony, 6851.

256 "Diamond later noted": Ibid., 6879-80.

257 "Sirhan repeatedly told": Ibid., 6928, 6981-83; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 373-75.

257 "But Diamond branded": Diamond trial testimony, 6989-90.

258 "Diamond concluded that": Ibid., 6992.

258 "At trial": Ibid., 6877.

258 "Diamond's opinion": Ibid., 6881.

11. The Trial

259 "In early January": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 88; Cooper, interview with Betsy Langman; Russell Parsons, interview with Betsy Langman.

259 "Coming late into the case": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 92.

259 "The defense focused": Kaiser, interview with the author.

260 "But as the New Year began": "Lawyer Admits He Lied About Friars Transcript," Los Angeles Times, January 4, 1969.

260 "An urgent three-page FBI Teletype": FBI Teletype to Director, January 3, 1969.

260 "Three days later": Teeter, Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, July 19, 2002, 14-15; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 300.

260 "But, according to Mike McCowan": McCowan, interview with the author.

261 "On January 7": LAPD, 1397-1409.

261 "On the morning of February 10": Trial transcript, 2651-62.

263 "Judge Walker gave them two days": Ibid., 2725-29.

263 "The press could sniff": LAPD, 1400.

263 "During the trial": McCowan, interview with the author.

263 "By now, Sirhan had grown distant": Kaiser, interview with the author.

263 "On February 14": Emile Zola Berman trial testimony, 3049-59; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 384-85.

265 "Over the next seven days": La Vallee trial testimony, 3073-74.

266 "The first fifteen witnesses": Karl Uecker trial testimony, 3114-33.

266 "The afternoon session": Juan Romero trial testimony, 3199-3201.

267 "En route, there were exceptions": Vincent Di Pierro trial testimony, 3212-21, 3231-59; Di Pierro LAPD interviews, June 5 and July 1.

270 "So Cooper shredded Di Pierro": Valerie Schulte trial testimony, 3417-38.

271 "After this debacle": LAPD, 1403.

271 "Judy Royer told": Royer trial testimony, 3903-24; Kaiser, 388.

272 "Alvin Clark was less convincing": Clark trial testimony, 4010-17; Clark FBI interview, September 11; LAPD progress report on Clark.

272 "Officer Arthur Placencia": Placencia trial testimony, 3482-3566.

273 "John Howard argued": Travis White trial testimony, 3810-68.

274 "The chain of possession": James Pineda trial testimony, February 18-19, 1969; George Erhard trial testimony, February 18-19, 1969; Robert Calkins trial testimony, February 18-19,1969; Rafer Johnson trial testimony, February 18-19, 1969.

274 "Then, on February 24": DeWayne Wolfer trial testimony, 4128-4229.

274 "In the absence of Sirhan": Teeter petition, 18.

274 Cooper began": Wolfer trial testimony, 4140-55.

276 "Kennedy's suit coat": Wolfer trial testimony, 4184-85.

276 "Cooper began his cross-examination": Ibid., 4200-4226.

277 "Later in the afternoon": William Brandt trial testimony, 4268-86; 4299-4316.

278 "Cooper took Sirhan away": Trial transcript, 4294-98; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 390-92.

278 "Prosecution handwriting expert": Trial transcript, 4382; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 392-94.

279 "The next morning": Trial transcript, 4474-80.

279 "On February 26": Noguchi trial testimony, 4504-36.

280 "Probing the wounds": There were two sets of autopsy measurements for the trajectories of Wounds 2 and 3, one viewing Kennedy from the front, the other viewing Kennedy from behind and to the right. In his trial testimony, Dr. Noguchi gave the frontal measurements. See Robert Joling diagrams in Chapter 3 for an illustration of both frontal and lateral measurements.

281 "The next day": LAPD, 1401-2.

12. The Case for the Defense

282 "The defense began its case": Trial testimony, 4644-54; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 406-7.

284 "That Sunday": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 415-16.

284 "Mary and Adel Sirhan testified": Sirhan trial testimony, 5233-39.

287 "Compton asked about": Ibid., 5243-54.

288 "Compton turned to Sirhan's interest in mysticism": Ibid., 5257-61, 5272-75.

289 "Compton asked Sirhan": Ibid., 5317-19, 5326-27.

291 "On Thursday afternoon": Ibid., 5339-57.

293 "By day's end": LAPD, 1406-7.

293 "The last witness called": Richard Lubic trial testimony, 5523-25.

293 "In later interviews": Lubic written statement to American Academy of Forensic Sciences, February 1975; Lubic quoted in Los Angeles Times, July 13, 1975; LAPD, 1405.

294 "Central to the psychiatric testimony": LAPD, 1407-8.

294 "The prosecution psychiatrists: Kaiser, interview with the author.

295 "Instead, Dr. Diamond": Diamond trial testimony, 6994-99.

297 "Fitts's cross-examination of Diamond": Diamond trial testimony, 7094-97.

297 "Did Sirhan have a true amnesia": Ibid., 7185-90.

298 Three and a half days of testimony: Kaiser, interview with the author.

298 "On April 8": LAPD, 1408.

299 "Closing arguments began": "Cooper Admits Defendant" Los Angeles Times, April 11, 1969; "Final Argument in Sirhan Trial Begun by State," Los Angeles Times, April 12, 1969; Russell Parsons trial testimony, 8478-8549; Emile Zola Berman trial testimony, 8478-8549.

299 "It was then left to Grant Cooper": Cooper trial testimony, 8550-8707; "Juror Shift Shakes Up Sirhan Trial," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, April 14, 1969.

302 "In his closing argument": Compton trial testimony, 8711-14.

303 "Compton's diatribe": Ibid., 8773.

303 "He dismissed": Ibid., 8754-55.

303 "Anybody, using good common sense": Ibid., 8779.

303 "At three p.m. on April 14": LAPD, 1408-9; "Sirhan May Receive Second-Degree Verdict," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, April 17, 1969. On McCowan, see Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 494.

304 "At 11:04 a.m. on April 23": "Sirhan: A Long Wait for Death," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, April 24, 1969; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 509- 10.

304 "Two of the jurors": "Most Jurors in Favor of Death Penalty from Start, One Says," Los Angeles Times, April 24, 1969.

305 "The verdict came as no surprise": Kaiser, interview with the author; McCowan, interview with the author.

305 "On May 5": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 514-18.

306 "On May 21": "Sirhan Gets Death Despite Kennedy Plea," Los Angeles Times, May 22, 1969.

306 "A new defense team": "Sirhan Retains 3 New Lawyers in Life Fight," Los Angeles Times, July 3, 1969. 307 "The day after confirmation": First Tuesday: The Mind of an Assassin, NBC, broadcast June 3, 1969; "Sirhan Voices Regret at Having Killed Kennedy," New York Times, June 3, 1969.

13. The Second Gun

312 "Thane Eugene Cesar": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 30-31,199-202,206; Ace owner Frank Hendrix interview with Betsy Langman, 1973.

312 "Cesar arrived at the hotel": Audiotape of Cesar LAPD interview, June 24.

313 "At nine thirty": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 207-8.

313 "In his first LAPD interview": Audiotape of Cesar LAPD interview, June 5.

314 "In his second LAPD interview": Cesar LAPD interview, June 24.

314 "Cesar's FBI interview summary": Cesar FBI interview, June 10.

315 "It's interesting to compare": Audiotape of Cesar interview with John Marshall, June 5.

315 "Right after the shooting": Paul Hope LAPD interview, August 14; DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 602.

315 "One famous photograph": Boris Yaro was a photographer for the Los Angeles Times.

316 "The Ace guard": Jack Merritt LAPD interview, June 21; Albert Stowers LAPD interview, June 21; CBS television coverage of the shooting aftermath.

316 "Cesar later said": Cesar, interview with Special Counsel Thomas Kranz, November 1975, cited in Kranz Report, See. 2, 6; audiotapes of Cesar LAPD interviews and transcripts, June 5 and 24.

316 "Cesar got one sentence": LAPD, 406. The report continues, "No one considered Sirhan to be suspicious, although he was observed loitering in the pantry."

317 "On June 4": Audiotape of Don Schulman, interview with Deputy DA Richard Hecht and others, for Wolfer Board of Inquiry, July 23,1971; Schulman, interview with Ted Charach in The Second Gun, 1971; audiotape of Schulman, interview with Kranz and others, October 24, 1975.

318 "Jeff Brent": Audiotape of Brent recording, June 5 (author's transcript of the tape, referring to a previous transcript in Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 66. Although Schulman recalled meeting Brent within ten minutes of the shooting, journalist Brad Johnson has timed the start of the Brent-Schulman interview as 12:40 a.m.

319 "After speaking to Brent": Schulman, interview with Hecht; Schulman, interview with Kranz; Dunphy aircheck in The Second Gun; LAPD logs of Cogan broadcast and KNXT news release, echoing Dunphy's report; Brad Johnson, e-mail to author.

319 "Schulman was told to go speak": Schulman, interview with Hecht; Schulman, interview with Kranz; CBS footage of the Schulman interview with Ruth Ashton-Taylor.

320 "Schulman's story"; Schulman, interview with Hecht.

320 "Schulman was then told": Schulman, interview with Kranz.

320 "The next day": Kranz Report, See. 2, 7; The Second Gun.

320 "The LAPD logged": LAPD log of media reports, appended to Schulman file.

320 "I said, ... 'The Senator"': Schulman, interview with Kranz.

320 "In other interviews": The Second Gun; Schulman, interview with Baxter Ward, July 6, 1971.

321 "This official disinterest": Schulman LAPD interview summary, August 9.

321 "Curiously, the officer": Cesar LAPD interview, June 24; Schulman, interview with Hecht.

321 "Grant Cooper was never told": Cooper interview with Langman; Mike McCowan, interview with the author; McCowan summary on Cesar, RFKAA.

322 "When Sandra Serrano": Charach NBC interview with Sander Vanocur, June 5; LAPD, 664; LAPD intelligence files on Charach, CSA; The Second Gun.

322 "Two or three months": Schulman, interview with Hecht; Schulman, interview with Kranz.

323 "Thane Eugene Cesar": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 201, 203-4, 212; Charach, "Why Sirhan Could Not," part 2; The Second Gun.

326 "Cesar again confirmed": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 283, citing an audiotape of the Cesar pretest interview with polygraph examiner Edward Gelb.

327 "On June 4, 1970": "Who Really Killed RFK?" Los Angeles Free Press, June 12, 1970; Isaac, I'll See You in Court, 1-9, 23-31.

328 "By now": Carl George editorial and Dunphy aircheck in The Second Gun; CBS, ABC, NBC, and KTLA footage of Kennedy entering the ballroom, showing Schulman's position; later NBC footage showing Viazenko filming the crowd from the podium, with his back turned to Schulman; Schulman, interview with Kranz; Kaiser, "Journey Through the Killing Ground" Los Angeles Times, January 30, 1972.

328 "By 1971": Schulman, interview with Hecht; Schulman, interview with Kranz; The Second Gun.

329 "Charach screened": Intelligence report by the DA's Bureau of Investigation on Charach screening on May 21, 1971, CSA microfilm roll 23; The Second Gun.

329 "At this point": DA's Bureau of Investigation files, CSA microfilm roll 23; Cesar, interview with Deputy DA Sidney Trapp, DA investigators William Burnett and DeWitt Lightner, and LAPD sergeants Charles Collins and Phil Sartuche, July 14, 1971; Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 80-81; Cesar, LAPD interview with Collins and Sartuche, December 24, 1974.

330 "Cesar's shifting statements": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 214-15.

330 "But once again": LAPD unpublished "Reply to Questions Submitted by Allard K. Lowenstein," December 20,1974, IV-2b.

331 "District Attorney Busch": The Second Gun.

332 "Nine days": Audiotape of Schulman, interview with Hecht.

334 "In October 1971": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 201; for Hughes-CIA links, see DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 604.

334 "It seems very strange": Audiotape of Hendrix, interview with Langman, 1973; Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 206; DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 606; McCowan, interview with Langman, 1973.

336 "Ted Charach kept refining": The Second Gun promotional material supplied by Charach; for Lowenstein and Schrade, see Chapter 14.

336 "It was also clear": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 29; Charach "Why Sirhan Could Not," part 2; Lubic written statement to American Academy of Forensic Sciences Convention, February 19, 1975, Chicago; Lubic interview, "The RFK Assassination: Shadows of Doubt," 1992.

336 "On October 24": Audiotape of Schulman, interview with Kranz.

339 "A month later": Kranz report, See. 2, 3-10.

340 "The audiotapes": Audiotapes of Cesar LAPD interviews, June 5 and 24.

341 "Kranz went on": Kranz membership biography for the Pacific Council on International Policy. His term in the Bush administration ended in March 2004, and he is currently an attorney with the Inman Law Firm in Beverly Hills.

341 "After Cesar's interview": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 199-216.

342 "Moldea concluded": Moldea, "Who Really Killed Bobby Kennedy?"

342 "The release of the police investigation files": Eara Marchman LAPD interview, June 25.

343 "Lisa Urso": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 65, 124.

343 "Melanson also located": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 141-42; Rhodes FBI interview, July 9; LAPD interview, August 22.

343 "Her statements seemed": LaHive radio interview replayed in The Second Gun.

344 "Dan Moldea kept in touch": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 20 1,281; Moldea, interview with the author.

344 "Moldea subsequently asked": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 281-90.

345 "An article Moldea published": "Investigating the Murder of Robert Kennedy (IV): When Wisdom Comes Late," June 2, 2000, http://www.moldea.com.

345 "As to the": Moldea, interview with the author, August 2005, and follow-up conversation, November 2006.

346 "Moldea completed his book": Thane E. and Eleanor Cesar bankruptcy filing and list of creditors, June 6,1994, Case no. 94-12390, U.S. Bankruptcy Court records; Thane E. Cesar v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc, et al., Los Angeles County Superior Court case no. LC036786, filed May 24, 1996.

346 "The best illustration": Unsolved History: The RFK Assassination; Michael Yardley, interview with the author; Charach "Why Sirhan Could Not," part 2; The Second Gun.
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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:49 pm

PART 3 OF 3

14. The Reinvestigation

349 "In February 1969": Rose Lynn Mangan, interview with the author; Robert Joling, interview with the author; Mangan, "Sirhan Evidence Report," 21; the Wolfer photomicrograph was later labeled Special Exhibit 10 during the Wenke hearings that led to the refiring of the Sirhan gun in 1975.

349 "As Sirhan's trial began": "Coroner Faces Threat of Ouster Proceedings," Los Angeles Times, February 22, 1969; Noguchi, Coroner, 139-40; "Noguchi Charged with Kennedy 'Death Dance,''' Los Angeles Times, May 13, 1969.

350 "Noguchi resigned": "Coroner Noguchi Quits in Feud with Hollinger," Los Angeles Times, February 26, 1969; "Board Fires Coroner Noguchi," Los Angeles Times, March 19, 1969. 350 "Hollinger cited": "Noguchi's 'Joy' over Influenza Autopsies Told," Los Angeles Times, May 17, 1969; "Pathologists Defend Noguchi in Dispute," Los Angeles Times, February 23, 1969.

350 "Finally, on July 31": "Noguchi Cleared and Reinstated to Coroner Post," Los Angeles Times, August I, 1969.

350 "Dr. Donald A. Stuart": "Deputy Coroner Arrested as Impostor with Fake Degree," Los Angeles Times, February 3, 1972; "Noguchi Lawyer Accuses Four Witnesses of False Testimony," Los Angeles Times, June 25, 1969.

350 "On February 2, 1972": "Former Deputy Coroner Fined," Los Angeles Times, April 14, 1972; "Deputy Coroner Pleads Guilty to False Claim," Los Angeles Times, March 2, 1972; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 164-65.

351 "Defense attorney Grant Cooper": "Grant Cooper, 10 Others Indicted," Los Angeles Times, August 7, 1969; "Grant Cooper Pleads Guilty to Using Secret Friars Transcript," Los Angeles Times, August 26, 1969.

351 "On September 23": "Lawyers Cooper, Morgan Get $1000 Contempt of Court Fine," Los Angeles Times, September 24, 1969; "Cooper's Action Was Turpitude, State Bar Says," Los Angeles Times, November 29, 1970; "Grant Cooper Reprimanded by High Court Over Friars Case," Los Angeles Times, July 2, 1971.

351 "Away from the legal disputes": "No Evidence of Plot Found in Kennedy Slaying," Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1969.

352 "John Kennedy Assassination Truth Action Committee": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 130-32.

352 "According to an LAPD Property Report": LAPD, 642, 800.

352 "According to Wolfer's log": Wolfer's log, LAPD flies, CSA.

353 "The Analyzed Evidence Report": LAPD, 818-20.

353 "Soon, word was filtering through": Rose Lynn Mangan, interview with the author; "Sirhan Files Suit to Block Book on Life and Trial," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, March 24, 1970; "Judge Rejects Sirhan Biography Injunction," Los Angeles Times, April 18, 1970.

353 "The undated handwritten letter": Copy of Sirhan letter, http://www.moldea.com.

354 "While author Dan Moldea": Kaiser, interview with the author. Kaiser added, "Well, he's a human being and he has emotions and sometimes, they burst forth. I can only imagine what it must be like to be in prison for forty years, knowing you're never going to get out. I would build up a tremendous head of steam inside myself if somebody gave me any reason to write him an angry note. So, he's a human being. Very sad."

354 "Just before Kaiser's book came out": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 157-59; Harper biographical details from Harper affidavit, December 28, 1970; Los Angeles County Clerk's records regarding access to exhibits, 1969-1976.

355 "Harper measured a difference": Harper, statement to American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) Convention, February 19, 1975, Chicago.

355 "On December 28": Harper affidavit and Harper's accompanying "Notes on the People vs. Sirhan," January 1, 1971.

357 "Harper also found": Evidence envelopes for People's 47 and People's 55; Harper, interview with Deputy DA Richard Hecht, June 10, 1971.

357 "This second gun": Special Exhibit 5-LAPD records of the Jake Williams gun, CSA.

357 "Wolfer had custody": Wolfer's log, LAPD files, CSA.

357 "Wolfer later dismissed": Wolfer testimony, Wenke hearings, September 17, 1975, 104-40; Wolfer's log, LAPD files, CSA.

358 "Unfortunately": Special Exhibit 5-LAPD records of Jake Williams gun, CSA.

358 "The industrious Harper": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennerly, 160-61; Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 114.

359 "The same day": Schulman, interview with Hecht, July 23, 1971; Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 109.

359 "In early August": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 168.

359 "As Harper was the only researcher": Ibid., 157-58.

359 "In 1975": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 142-43.

359 "In September": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 114.

360 "A few weeks later": "Sirhan Case -- Was There a 2nd Gunman?" Los Angeles Times, Aug 16, 1971; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 161.

360 "Despite all the controversy": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 215.

361 "In 1972": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play,317-18.

361 "In late 1973": Charach, "Why Sirhan Could Not," part I.

361 "MacDonell had his own": Hampton v. City of Chicago. et ai, in the United States Court of Appeals, January 4,1978; MacDonell five-page affidavit, November 28, 1973.

361 "As a KHJ news reporter": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 158-61; "A Strange and Ghoulish Inquiry," Los Angeles Times, May 16, 1974.

362 "A month later": "Sirhan Case Bid Rejected," Los Angeles Times, December 17,1974; "DA Says Sirhan Acted Alone," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, December 17, 1974; "Action to Reopen Sirhan Case Slated," Santa Monica Evening Outlook, December 25, 1974.

363 "The following Sunday": Santa Monica Evening Outlook, December 23, 1974.

363 "Isaac's petitions": "High Court Rejects Sirhan's Plea," Los Angeles Times, February 14, 1975; "Second Gun Theory May Reopen Sirhan Case," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, January 19, 1975.

363 "On February 19, 1975": Harper statement to AAFS Convention, February 19, 1975; "New Probe in Slaying of Sen. Kennedy Demanded," Los Angeles Times, May 10, 1975.

363 "At the end of May": "Sirhan Receives 1986 Parole Date from State Board," Los Angeles Times, May 21,1975.

364 "State Treasurer Jesse Unruh": "Unruh Calls Sirhan Parole Ruling Asinine," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, May 22, 1975; "Unruh Calls Sirhan a Traitor," Los Angeles Times, June 6, 1975.

364 "On June 27": "Robert Kennedy Case Still Stirs Questions," Los Angeles Times, July 13, 1975.

364 "On July 13": "Experts Seek New Probe of Assassination," Los Angeles Times, July 14, 1975.

364 "On July 24": "Release of Files on Sen. Kennedy Slaying Urged," Los Angeles Times, July 25, 1975.

364 "August 14": "Counsel for RFK Probe Sworn In," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, August 14, 1975.

365 "A week later": "Some Material on Kennedy Destroyed," Los Angeles Times, August 22, 1975; Morrow quoted in the Sacramento Daily Journal, August 21, 1975.

365 "By now": "Final OK Due in Sirhan Probe," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, September 11, 1975; "Court Here Orders New Sirhan Probe," Los Angeles Herald Examiner, September 12, 1975.

365 "Wolfer was first asked": Wolfer testimony, Wenke hearings, September 17, 1975; Dr. Noguchi autopsy report, 24 (LAPD, 732); for Finkel, see LAPD, 183; firearms panel evidence inventory, September 24, 1975, reprinted in Garland, ed., AFTE Journal: Special Edition.

366 "The 1975 panel": Wolfer testimony, Wenke hearings, September 17, 1975; Bradford individual report, firearms panel, October 4, 1975, CSA; Garland, AFTE Journal: Special Edition; Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 117-19.

366 "While Wolfer supplied"; Wolfer colleague letter to Rose Lynn Mangan, November 21, 2001.

366 "With Wolfer's foggy memory": Order for Retesting of Exhibits, People v. Sirhan, September 18, 1975.

367 "At the end of the first day": Garland, AFTE Journal: Special Edition.

367 "During the trial": Bradford, Berg, and Cunningham individual reports, firearms panel, October 4, 1975, CSA.

367 "As the original test bullets": Garland, AFTE Journal: Special Edition; Order for Retesting of Exhibits (Order No.5), September 26, 1975, firearms panel, CSA.

368 "Although the new test bullets": Cunningham individual report; Garland, AFTE Journal: Special Edition.

368 "Contrary to later spin": Initial and Comprehensive Joint Reports of the Firearms Examiners, October 3-4, 1975; Bradford individual report, October 4, 1976.

368 "Garland later noted": Garland, AFTE Journal: Special Edition.

368 "The examiners were": Herbert MacDonell, interview with the author.

369 "The examiners' joint report": Comprehensive Joint Report of the Firearms Examiners, October 4, 1975.

370 "There is no substantive evidence": Bradford individual report, October 4, 1975.

370 "During subsequent hearings": "Shot Said Probably Sirhan's," Santa Monica Evening Outlook, November 18, 1975.

370 "After their meticulous": "No 2nd Gun, Kennedy Case Panel Reports," Los Angeles Times, October 7, 1975.

370 "In an October 8 news conference": "2nd Gun Question Not Settled, Probe Critics Say," Los Angeles Times, October 9, 1975.

371 "The Wenke hearings wound down": "Sirhan's Gun Probably Fired Shots, Expert Says," Los Angeles Times, December 17, 1975.

372 "Had there been": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 319-21.

372 "Attempts to identify or interview": Rozzi affidavit to Bugliosi, November 15, 1975.

373 "Bugliosi then phoned Officer Wright": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 240.

373 "On November 18": "Question of 2nd Kennedy Case Gun Raised Again," Los Angeles Times, November 19, 1975.

373 "Undeterred, Bugliosi continued"; Noguchi affidavit to Bugliosi, December 1, 1975.

374 "Hotel maitre d' Angelo Di Pierro": Di Pierro affidavit to Bugliosi, December 1, 1975.

374 "Waiter Martin Patrusky": Patrusky affidavit to Bugliosi, December 12, 1975.

374 "On June 5": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 44-45.

375 "After gathering these affidavits": "New Panel in Kennedy Death Probe Urged," Los Angeles Times, December 5, 1975.

375 "By November 1976": Bailey affidavit, November 14, 1976.

376 "A few months later": Audiotape of Bailey interview with Burnett, RFKAA.

376 "There were two": Bailey interview for "The RFK Assassination."

376 ''I've serious reservations": Bailey interview for Unsolved Mysteries. I could not interview William Bailey due to continuing ill health. Sadly, Bailey died in August 2007 of lung cancer.

376 "When the Kranz Report": Kranz Report, March 1977; Stone, Selected Corrections.

376 "In 1988": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 92-93, 102. While Melanson notes that 3,470 interviews were conducted during the original police investigation, the LAPD final report puts the figure at 4,818.

377 "The release of these files": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 249.

377 "Karl Uecker told": Ibid., 255.

377 "The most comprehensive study": Ibid., 235-38.

378 "In 1994": Mangan, telephone interviews with the author; Mangan, Special Exhibit 10 Report; Noguchi autopsy report, 24 (LAPD, 732); for Finkel, see LAPD, 183; firearms panel evidence inventory, reprinted in Garland, AFTE Journal: Special Edition; handwritten log by Noguchi of his visits to the county clerk's office to examine and photograph exhibits in April 1974, CSA; evidence envelopes for Exhibit 55 and Grand Jury Exhibit 5B.

379 "Even before": Bradford, interview for The R.F.K. Story; Wolfer's log, LAPD files, CSA; Jimmy Watson log, June, CSA.

15. The Manchurian Candidate

380 "In 1962": "My Not So Brilliant Career," Guardian, November 20, 1998.

381 "By 1968": Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 374, 531; Mary Grohs LAPD interview, July 22.

381 "Vincent Di Pierro's strongest impression": Di Pierro, LAPD interview, June 5. Juan Romero and Martin Patrusky also saw Sirhan smiling (see note in Chapter 1, page 14)

381 "In the struggle": Earl Williman summary in LAPD, 1214-15; Frank Burns, interview with the author; Karl Uecker trial testimony, 3123-24; George Plimpton LAPD interview, June 5; for Joe LaHive, see Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 197.

381 "An urgent Teletype": Teletype from FBI Charlotte to FBI Los Angeles, June 5.

382 "How also to explain": Jordan report to Lt. M.S. Pena, October 9; LAPD audiotape 28918, June 5, 3:15 a.m., and tape transcript.

382 "Later that morning": Transcript of Sirhan interview with Dr. Crahan, June 5; Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" 296-97.

382 "The combination of these factors": Kaiser, interview with the author.

382 "Dr. Diamond": Diamond, interview with Betsy Langman.

382 "The LAPD confirmed": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 202-3.

382 "Diamond believed": Diamond trial testimony, 6996.

383 "In late May 1969": Simson affidavit, March 9, 1973; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 199-202.

385 "When I visited Dr. Spiegel": Herbert Spiegel, interview with the author.

386 "One of the perennial questions": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 207.

387 "But leaders in the field": Estabrooks, Future of the Human Mind, 218-19.

387 "Palle Hardrup": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 207-8.

387 "In 1967": Spiegel, interview with the author; Spiegel, Fact or Fiction; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 204-6.

389 "Dr. Spiegel agreed": Spiegel, interview with the author.

389 "It can be described as brainwashing": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 208.

389 "The Spiegel film": Spiegel foreword to Bain, CIA's Control of Candy Jones.

390 "Dr. Spiegel feels all of the above": Spiegel, interview with the author.

391 "Contrary to previous books": Mary, Adel, and Munir Sirhan FBI interviews, June 5.

391 "Dr. Spiegel offered": Spiegel, interview with the author.

391 "When it comes to clues": Dr. Crahan reported that in the days after the shooting, Sirhan "lacked appetite, had some gastric upset but no vomiting or nausea" (Crahan report to Younger, February 20, 1969, RFKAA).

393 "The search for Sirhan's programmer": Emery, Secret, Don't Tell, 108.

393 "The use of hypnotic couriers": Estabrooks, "Hypnosis Comes of Age," Science Digest, April 1971, 44-50.

394 "After investigating": CIA memo quoted in Emery, Secret, Don't Tell, 107-9.

394 "In 1951": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 173.

395 "On April 13": Calder, JFK vs. CIA, 258-60, citing the United States Senate Joint Hearings before the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research of the Committee on Human Resources: Project MKULTRA, the CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification.

395 "Subprojects included": Richelsen, Wizards of Langley, 9-11.

395 "By 1954": CIA memo re Artichoke, January 1954, in Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination.

396 "Morse Allen provided": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 174.

396 "As these experiments developed": Estabrooks, Future of the Human Mind, 221-24.

397 "In a May 13, 1968, article": Providence Evening Bulletin article cited in Ross, Bluebird, 162.

397 "On December 17": Calder, JFK vs. CIA, 260, citing MKULTRA Hearings, 123.

398 "Partly in recognition": Ibid., 2-3.

398 "Within hours": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 226.

398 "Los Angeles Times sportswriter": "Look into My Eyes", Jim Murray, Los Angeles Times, June 27, 1963.

398 "Bryan defined hypnosis": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 209.

399 "The fundamentalist preacher": Ibid., 203.

399 "In an interview": Bryan KNX radio interview cited in Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 226. Later interview broadcast in Tim Tate documentary The Robert Kennedy Assassination.

399 "Authors Turner and Christian": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 225.

399 "In 1974": Ibid., 226-29.

400 "A close colleague of Bryan's": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 206-7.

400 "The executor": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 229. John Miner confirmed to the author that he was Bryan's executor and that Bryan was also a preacher. Miner would not comment on Bryan's alleged ties to government agencies.

401 "Bryan is by no means": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 224-25.

401 "Candy Jones": Bain, CIA's Control of Candy Jones; Bain e-mails with the author; Cannon, "The Controllers," chap. 4, citing the files of author John Marks (The Search for the Manchurian Candidate).

401 "In his book": Kroger, Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 16, 21, 115-16, 361, 372-74.

402 "Kroger later worked": Cannon, "The Controllers," chap. 4.

403 "Phillip Melanson interviewed Dr. Kroger": Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 208-14.

16. Intelligence Connections

404 "By late 1967": Report of the Rockefeller Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States, June 1975, chap. 11, http//www.history-matters.com; for Marchetti-Langman, see Melanson, Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, 290.

404 "In 1982": Melanson, "CIA's Secret Ties."

405 "The two men": LAPD rosters outlining Pena and Hernandez responsibilities, CSA.

405 "Manuel Pena": Pena interview with Marilyn Barrett; Kaiser, interview with the author; Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 64-66.

406 "In his 1970 book": Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, 272-75.

406 "In 1977": Pena interview with Betsy Langman, 1977.

406 "In 1992": Barrett, interview with the author; audio recordings of Pena interview with Barrett.

410 "Like Pena": Enrique Hernandez resume, LAPD files, CSA; audiotape of Serrano interview with Hernandez, June 20.

410 "So what had": Hernandez interview, Now It Can Be Told, 1992.

411 "Venezuelan dictator": Manuel Chavez, U.S. assistant air attache to Venezuela, 1957-59, e-mails to the author.

411 "Shortly after the assassination": Hernandez obituary, Los Angeles Times, December 20, 2005, and Pasadena Star-News, December 21, 2005.

412 "In interviews": National Security Action Memorandum 177, cited in McClintock, Instruments of Statecraft, chap. 7, "The CIA and OPS."

412 "The program was": Robert Amory oral history interview, 25, JFK Library.

412 "According to McClintock": McClintock, Instruments of Statecraft, chap. 7.

413 "In 1962": Langguth, Hidden Terrors, 125-27, based on an interview with Byron Engle.

413 "By 1968": McClintock, Instruments of Statecraft, chap. 7.

413 "But the program": Langguth, Hidden Terrors, 125-28, 138-40, 251-52.

413 "In 1969": Blum, Killing Hope, chap. 33, "Uruguay 1964-70."

414 "Days later": Langguth, Hidden Terrors, 285-87; New York Times, August 15, 1970.

414 "Otero was a CIA agent": Langguth, Hidden Terrors, 232-33, 253-54.

414 "In Uruguay and elsewhere": Ibid., 245-46, 253.

414 "In July 1975": Ibid., 299-301.

415 "Bill Jordan": Jordan CV on WCJ, Inc., Web site, http://www.wcj-inc.com.

415 "After he retired": Evans, Nemesis, 257.

415 "The invasion never happened": William C. Jordan obituary, Long Beach Press Telegram, September 28, 2005.

415 "There are also a number": Kaiser, interview with the author.

416 "In 1999": Preface to an updated edition of Kaiser, "R.F.K. Must Die!" accessed on a previous Web site of his (which is no longer available) and confirmed by e-mail with Kaiser; Clayton Anderson confirmed information in telephone interview with the author.

416 "Fred East": "Bug Thy Neighbor," Time, March 6,1964.

417 "Kaiser later": Teeter, Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, 102-4.

417 "Michael McCowan": "U.S. Halts Sirhan's Mother on Trip to Appeal for Hostages," Los Angeles Times, September 9, 1970; Ronald Allen, interview with Langman.

417 "By September 1974": McCowan, interview with Langman; Hendrix interview with Langman; "Man Accused of Death Threats in Kickback Scheme," Los Angeles Times, November 8, 1974; "3 Get Probation in Housing Project Kickback Scheme," Los Angeles Times, February 11, 1975.

417 "In 1977": Wilcox, Americans, 183-85.

417 McCowan's name": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, chap. 29 and p. 326.

418 "Robert Kaiser told Moldea": DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 630-31; "Re: DiEugenio's 'The Curious Case of Dan Moldea;" http://moldea.com; Mangan, letter to Moldea's publisher, August 13, 1995; Adel Sirhan statement, August 17, 1995; Sirhan, letter to Mangan, June 24,1995; these three documents can be found at http://www.sirhansresearcher.com/j.pdf.

418 "On McCowan, Sirhan wrote": Sirhan letter to Rose Lynn Mangan, June 24, 1995.

418 "McCowan told Kaiser": Kaiser, interview with the author; Rose Lynn Mangan subsequently checked the Confidential Investigative Report McCowan gave Grant Cooper before the trial. There is no mention of Sirhan making such a comment in McCowan's report.

419 "Kaiser put me in touch": Pete Noyes, interview with the author. Noyes published a book, Legacy of Doubt, on both Kennedy assassinations in 1973.

419 "When I first tracked": McCowan, interview with the author.

421 "In the mid-nineties": Heymann, interview with the author; Heymann, RFK, 493.

421 "In 1996": Teeter, interview with the author; Mangan, interview with the author.

422 "When I asked": McCowan, interview with the author; Stewart, interview with the author.

422 "When I discussed": Bradley Ayers, interview with the author; David Rabern, interview with the author.

422 "In Salinger's 1995 autobiography": Salinger, P.S. A Memoir, 180-82; Salinger, interview transcript, Booknotes, C-SPAN, November 12, 1995, http//www.booknotes.org;"Arms and the Men at Continental," Time, July 1, 1966; "Six at 61," Time, July 5.

423 "Another odd Salinger connection": Salinger, P.S. A Memoir, 195, 198.

423 "By 1968": DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 607-8.

424 "I subsequently met": Meier, interview with the author.

424 "When they retired": J.E.H. Official and Confidential Files 97, cited in Summers, Official and Confidential, 456.

424 "Angleton's colleagues": CIA document, "Extracts from CI History," DDO/CI files 104-1031-10011, cited in Talbot, Brothers, 370.

17. The CIA at the Hotel

425 "I read all the books": An updated edition of Kaiser's 1970 book, "R.F.K. Must Die!" will be published this year. I refer to Philip Melanson's landmark 1991 book on the case, The Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, here. Much of this material was later absorbed into another excellent book, Shadow Play. Melanson shared the writing credit for his original material, while primary author William Klaber took the trial of Sirhan as his main focus, providing new insights into a failure of American justice.

425 "So this was my starting point": Another early figure to fit the criteria was a soldier of fortune called Gerry Hemming, a hulk of a man at six feet eight and 260 pounds. Hemming was never a CIA operative but fought a lot of the same wars as a freelancer with his group of soldiers for hire, Interpen. Hemming and his two closest associates, Roy Hargraves and "Fat Larry" Howard, are regularly mentioned as possible shooters in Dallas, and all three were in Los Angeles in June 1968.

Hemming told me that Hargraves was working for the CIA's MH Chaos program "on a tight leash," smuggling drugs and guns to the Black Panthers and Brown Berets to foment a race war and connect the Black Panthers to North Vietnam. Hargraves worked as a bodyguard for Eldridge Cleaver, who, Hemming alleged, was working for the CIA. Hemming told me he was in Los Angeles, a couple of blocks from the Ambassador, on the night of the shooting and that the next morning, he pulled up to Sirhan's house in a black-and-white (patrol car) and went inside. On November 5, 2005, he described this visit on John Simkin's online Education Forum: "I was working full time for the City of Los Angeles ... from 1967 thru 1970. My brother and I worked part time as Special Agents for the "Special Problems Unit" ... an Intel Unit working out of Mayor Sam Yorty's office .... Early next morn, drove my B & W to Sirhan Sirhan's mother's house parked in front and walked towards the open front door (in my best suit, and packing a .357 Magnum "Python") .... Upon entering, I discovered that some family members were sitting there almost in a catatonic state. But no other LAPD officer in sight ... Politely mumbled a few 'Salaams' and 'lnshallahs' and got the hell out of there."

Hemming has never revealed why he supposedly went to Sirhan's house, and his credibility has been attacked on numerous occasions. As the Sirhan house was empty until the police arrived with the Sirhan brothers after questioning, Hemming's story makes little sense.

At one point, Hemming's Interpen colleague Roy Hargraves suggested to Noel Twyman that he may have "pulled that operation," but the offhand remark got lost in cross-talk during their interview, Twyman didn't probe further, and now Hargraves and Hemming are dead (Transcript of Twyman interview with Hargraves, Hancock, Someone Would Have Talked, Appendix A, 276).

426 "Morales was": Bradley Ayers, interview with the author. Morales put his height at five-ten on documents in his CIA personnel file. His son put his height at five-eleven-and-a-half, and Bradley Ayers felt that he was at least six foot. While Ayers recalled his nickname as "El Indio," this moniker was not familiar to the Morales family. His daughters told me he was called "Didi" or "Poncho."

426 "Ayers located": Fonzi, Last Investigation, 380-90.

426 ''Author Noel Twyman": Twyman, Bloody Treason, 447-76.

427 "Brad was understandably cagey": The publisher's insistence on pseudonyms can be traced to the fact that, unknown to Ayers, retired CIA officer William Harvey was an editor at publisher Bobbs-Merill at the time (Ayers, Zenith Secret, 7).

427 "He also told me": I later discovered that Brad had first given this information to Christopher Barger of the congressionally appointed Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB) on May 12, 1995. The lead was never followed up (ARRB memo from Barger to Jeremy Gunn, May 18, 1998, National Archives.

428 "I was a regular army captain": Ayers, interview with the author, January 2005.

428 "Kennedy had been handed": Ayers, interview with the author; Haynes Johnson, interview with the author.

428 "It was a spectacular embarrassment": Talbot, Brothers, 51.

429 "The special group": Ayers, interview with the author; Ayers, Zenith Secret, 46.

430 "In the summer of 1963": Ayers, War That Never Was, 147, 179.

430 "Ayers saw very little": Ayers, interview with the author.

432 "Dombrow zoomed out": My attention was first drawn to the balding man by researcher Peter Fokes, whose newsgroup posting suggested that there was a man resembling CIA director Richard Helms in the Ambassador footage on the SUS film.

433 "In January 2005": Ayers, interview with the author.

433 "There were no photos": According to Fonzi, the first photograph of Morales was printed in a Cuban government newspaper in 1978. It identified him as "an officer of the CIA Station in Havana, 1959." I have not been able to find a photograph of Gordon Campbell.

434 "David was now CEO": David Rabern, interview with the author.

436 "While in Phoenix": Robert Walton, interview with the author.

437 "The next day": Ruben Carbajal, interview with the author.

437 "Ruben talked me through": It's widely acknowledged that Felix Rodriguez was the only CIA agent present during the capture and shooting of Che Guevara in 1967 and that Guevara's hands were cut off by the Bolivian army. While I take Ruben's story with a pinch of salt, CIA photos of the dead Guevara do suggest stitching around the neck, and there is an eight-month gap in Morales's CIA records that would fit the hunt for Che Guevara perfectly (see discussion on page 463).

437 "From there": Walton alleges that shortly after the Chilean coup, Morales asked him to act as his nominee to buy land in Tombstone, Arizona, with his share of the bounty-two million dollars. The Morales family claims no knowledge of this hidden wealth, and Walton has not provided legal records to corroborate the story.

439 "But June of 1968": Author interviews with Morales's two eldest daughters, Rita and Sandra, and son Frank. The family asked me to respect their privacy, so these are all pseudonyms.

439 "Bob Walton thought": Walton, follow-up telephone conversation with the author, after Carbajal interview.

440 "I pondered": Twyman, Bloody Treason, 463.

440 "I was out of": Hinckle and Turner, Deadly Secrets, 126, 152,218,250. According to Deadly Secrets, Campbell worked under the cover of Marine Engineering and Training Corporation of Homestead, Florida; the 1962 incorporation papers list its business as "offshore surveys" but, unsurprisingly, make no mention of Campbell.

440 "The Miami telephone book": Telephone directory search with the kind assistance of the Miami-Dade Public Library. Public records identified Gordon S. Campbell, aka Gordon Sutherland, born July 5, 1905. His wife, Gertrude H. Campbell, was six years his junior and died in 1995.

440 "The more David Rabern": Rabern, follow-up telephone conversations with the author.

441 "Karamessines's obituary: "T.H. Karamessines, Ex-Chief of CIA Covert Work, Dies," Washington Post, September 8,1978; Joannides obituary, Washington Post, March 14, 1990.

441 "In 1976": Most of what we know about George Joannides has come from the reporting of Jefferson Morley. The background of Joannides is sourced from Freedom of Information Act releases on Joannides from the National Archives and the following articles by Morley: "Revelation 19.62," Miami New Times, April 12, 2001; "Celebrated Authors Demand That the CIA Come Clean on JFK Assassination," Salon.com, December 17, 2003; "The Men Who Didn't Talk," Playboy, December 2007.

443 "I was intrigued": Morley, telephone conversation with the author.

443 "Undeterred": G. Robert Blakey, telephone conversation with the author; Dan Hardway, e-mails and follow-up calls with the author; Ed Lopez, e-mails and follow-up calls with the author.

444 "Next up was the DRE": Juan-Manuel Salvat, telephone conversation with the author; Luis Fernandez-Rocha, telephone interview and follow-up call with the author.

444 "I also spoke": Robert Keeley, telephone interview and e-mail exchange with the author.

444 "When I was finally commissioned": I showed a nine-minute trailer of the alleged CIA men at the Ambassador and corroborating interviews to BBC Newsnight editor Peter Barron on October 25, 2006. Five days later, he commissioned a twelve-minute segment, for broadcast on November 20.

444 "Today, Lopez is": Edwin Lopez-Soto, interview with the author.

447 "After interviewing": Jefferson Morley, meeting with the author; Morley, letters to the New York Review of Books, December 18, 2003; August 11, 2005; March 15, 2007; Morley, follow-up call with the author after Morley's meeting with the daughter of Joannides.

447 "While in Washington": Wayne Smith, interview with the author.

449 "I continued to": Felix Rodriguez canceled an interview in Miami due to a scheduling clash but later watched a DVD of the Ambassador footage and was very helpful with the identifications. For his opinions and Grayston Lynch, see Chapter 18.

449 "I met Clines": Tom Clines, interview with the author. A week before my BBC story aired, a mild paranoia about possible last-minute CIA intervention was fueled by the appearance of Derek, a "friend and business partner" of Clines. During the interview, he described planting eighteen men in a hotel lobby, undetected, for a surveillance operation. I wondered who was listening to our meeting.

450 "It was a strange meeting": Rabern, follow-up call with the author.

450 "A few days later": Ed Wilson, interview with the author. Another story tends to corroborate Morales's involvement on the Guevara operation: "One time, he was down in South America somewhere, I think on the Che Guevara thing ... and flew up to see the director of CIA, and he got into town in the late afternoon, and Dave and Tom and that whole crew went out and got drunk as skunks. And about two in the morning, they rolled a paddywagon up on Fourteenth Street and took 'em all down to jail. Well, by about seven o'clock in the morning, Morales had some documents that convinced them he was an ambassador of somewhere and they turned them loose. He went home, took a shower, and eight o'clock, he's in briefing the director."

452 "On balance": Twelve-minute segment, BBC Newsnight; Jeremy Paxman (presenter, BBC Newsnight), follow-up interview with the author, November 20, 2006. Newsnight producer Simon Enright asked the CIA to confirm the employment of Morales, Campbell, and Joannides and to respond to issues raised by the broadcast. He got the following response: "It is CIA policy -- we do not confirm or deny employment of an individual ... so I could not possibly comment on the status of these individuals. Please also keep in mind that the CIA does not operate on domestic soil-our mission is focused abroad only. The FBI works on US soil."

18. Chasing Shadows

453 "While blogs quickly picked up": "Robert Kennedy, Also Victim of a Conspiracy?" Granma Internacional, December 22, 2006.

453 "First out of the gate": Morley postings to BBC Newsnight Web site; Morley, telephone conversation with the author.

453 "As I worked on": Brad Johnson, e-mail exchange with the author; CBS, NBC, ABC, BBC, KNXT, KTLA, KCRA, and KTTV coverage of the California Democratic primary, Kennedy's speech, and the shooting aftermath.

454 "British author": Ayton, "Did the CIA." While researching my film before the BBC story, I viewed the SUS microfilm in the Rare Books section of the British Library in London. One day, I looked up, blurry eyed, from the police exhibits to glimpse a fellow researcher at a microfilm reader opposite me. It was Mr. Ayton. Here we were, poles apart in our views of the case and shortly to duel online, separated by a microfilm reader. I decided to stay incognito.

454 "Lynch subsequently refused": Karen Lynch, e-mail exchange with the author. One "researcher" had mailed Lynch a twenty-dollar bill, asking him to identify close colleague Rip Robertson in a photo taken in Dealey Plaza the day JFK was assassinated. I cringed. "Rip was with Gray in Key West when Kennedy was killed," wrote Karen. "He says tell them the CIA didn't have anything to do with any of this and for them to get a life."

455 "The Lynches' comments": Ayers, Zenith Secret, 133-34; Clines, interview with the author; CIA records on Ayers released under the JFK Records Act, National Archives. Don Bohning asked Shackley about Ayers during an interview for his book, The Castro Obsession (131-32), and Shackley corroborated Brad's account in The War That Never Was.

455 "At this point": Ayton, "Did the CIA"; Don Bohning, interview and e-mail exchange with the author; and Manuel Chavez, interview and e-mail exchange with the author; Luis Fernandez, written statement to the author, forwarded by Chavez.

457 "I also followed up": Felix Rodriguez, e-mail exchange with the author; Rodriguez also passed on feedback on Goron Campbell from Rudy Enders. When I e-mailed the CIA in an attempt to confirm Campbell's death, I received this e-mail response: "It is our policy-we do not confirm or deny employment of an individual. So you see how your request is difficult for me to help you with!'

457 "But as I began": David Talbot, e-mail exchange and telephone conversations with the author; Morley, e-mail to the author. Morley and Talbot later wrote up their trip in "The BBC's Flawed RFK Story." I give my account of the trip as I heard it, week by week, from Talbot here. Talbot also wrote of the trip in Brothers, 397-401.

458 "I called Hardway": Hardway, telephone interview with the author.

459 "Ed Lopez reconfirmed": Isidro Borja, telephone interview with the author.

459 "I called Thomas Polgar": Polgar, telephone interview with the author.

460 "While Talbot and Morley": Hedegaard, "The Last Confessions."

460 "Hunt had worked": Shawn Phillips (son of James) e-mail, quoted in full at http://www.jfkmurdersolved.com/phillips.htm.

461 Rita Morales, telephone interview with the author; Sandra Morales, telephone interview with the author; Morales's cover history statement and CIA personnel file, listing posting dates, released under the JFK Records Act and sourced from the National Archives; these and additional Morales documents kindly supplied by National Archives and Records Administration master researcher Malcolm Blunt.

It was Ted Shackley that Rita remembered the most: "He was Mr. Geek, a computer geek who wore a white shirt and black suit in the heat of Laos with a protector in his pocket for his pens. He and my father were extremely close. He would come to the house and my father was very loyal to him and would never have gone over him. My father was not a 'Lone Ranger! The company gave him his education."

There was a big family funeral in Wilcox after Morales died but, contrary to Gaeton Fonzi's book, Rita said there were no agency people there at all. "Two strangers turned up from Mexico City the day after, but that was it."

465 "The mixed evidence": Talbot, e-mail to author.

466 "But when 1 sent": Bradley Ayers, telephone interview with the author; Wayne Smith, e-mail exchange with the author.

466 "I was subsequently contacted": Frank Morales, e-mail exchange and telephone conversation with the author.

467 "When Sandra changed her mind": The Morales and Joannides photos were published online on July 20, 2007, to accompany the Morley-Talbot article "The BBC's Flawed RFK Story."

467 "But when 1 showed": Hardway, telephone interview with the author; Lopez, telephone interview with the author.

467 "No, it seemed legitimate": Campbell obituary, Miami Herald, September 21, 1962; Morley and Talbot, "The BBC's Flawed Story."

469 "I went back to": Network coverage of the California primary, Kennedy's speech, and the shooting aftermath.

469 "When I showed": Ayers, telephone interview with the author; photographs collated by LAPD investigators, CSA microfilm rolls 16 and 17.

470 "The LAPD identified him": The names of the Roman brothers were written on the back of the circled photograph; LAPD and FBI interviews of various Bulova salesmen; LAPD, 136; Hotel guest rosters, LAPD files, CSA.

470 "Roman was finally interviewed": Roman FBI interview, November 26.

470 "The weekend after": "Bulova Man Takes Time to Talk About Consumer Salesmen," Chicago Tribune, June 10.

470 "I started to research": "Former JA Chairman Roman Dies," Jewelers Circular Keystone, December 23, 2002; "Vice President Named by Bulova Watch Co., New York Times, August 3, 1964. The Times article continued, "Mr. Roman will continue as national sales manager. He joined the company in 1960 as regional sales manager. Before moving here last year, he served as police commissioner of Winfield, Ill., where he also raised ponies and collies."

471 "In Bradley's autobiography": Bradley, A General's Life, 461-62;Bulova company Web site, http://bulova.com; "Bradley Takes Over Tomorrow," New York Times, August 16, 1953; "Bradley Named Chairman of Bulova," New York Times, March 28, 1958; "Personality: General Maps Bulova Tactics," New York Times, October 11, 1959.

472 "In the summer of 1967": Bradley, A General's Life, 667-68; Bradley, Bulova Trip Diaries. 472 "The problem was": Roman's son, telephone interview with the author; "Saying Goodbye to an Industry Leader," Jewelers Circular Keystone, July 1, 1995; "Former JA Chairman Roman Dies."

472 "Michael Roman's son": Roman's son, e-mail exchange and telephone interviews with the author; Frank S. Owen FBI interview, October 21. To respect Mr. Roman's privacy, I refer to him only as "Michael Roman's son."

I have not been able to authenticate the identification of Owens or his death. Roman's brother Charles died of heart trouble in 1974, and in response to my Freedom of Information Act request, the FBI informed me that records regarding Michael Roman "were destroyed on February 1, 1990; July 10, 1990; and October 1, 1992."

19. What Really Happened?

475 "Sirhan is guilty": Deputy DA John Howard statement in 1975, cited in DiEugenio and Pease, The Assassinations, 536.

475 "In spring 2004": Brad Johnson, e-mail exchange with the author. In late 1982, forensic acoustics expert Dr. Michael Hecker examined three recordings (by Andrew West, Jeff Brent, and ABC television) and concluded that "no fewer than ten gunshots are ascertainable" (Hecker written statement, witnessed by Robert Joling, December 15, 1982. In February 1992, author Jonn Christian became aware of the Pruszynski recording at CSA, and further auditory testing suggested that there were nine shots on the tape. He added these to the sounds on the previous three tapes to rather implausibly conclude that twenty-four shots were fired, "a minimum of three weapons at the crime scene ... eight of which were blanks." It was subsequently determined that the Pruszynski recording was the only recording of actual gunshots, and it lay dormant in CSA vaults until Johnson realized its significance in 2004.

475 "The very first time": Van Praag interview on Black Op Radio, August 9, 2007.

476 "On June 6": Conspiracy Test.

476 "The LAPD didn't ask": The LAPD never interviewed Pruszynski. A December 19 FBI memo sets out Pruszynski as a possible lead, with an unidentified friend advising "that Pruszynski had claimed that he had made a tape recording." Pruszynski was subsequently interviewed by the FBI, but after examining his tape, the FBI laboratory concluded, "it does not appear that anything pertinent to this investigation is contained on this recording .... The original recording was of extremely poor quality" (final report of FBI Special Agent Amadee O. Richards, August 1, 1969).

477 "In September 2005": Conspiracy Test; Van Praag interview on Black Op Radio; Van Praag, interview with the author.

479 "There was a dissenting opinion": Conspiracy Test; Ayton, Forgotten Terrorist, 277-80.

479 "Van Praag continues": Van Praag, interview with the author; Van Praag interview on Black Op Radio. Also present at the AAFS meeting, supporting Van Praag's work, were to be Robert Joling and Paul Schrade, reprising their 1975 campaign to reopen the case on the basis of the firearms evidence.

480 "An analysis of the sequence": Minasian LAPD interview, June 5; grand jury testimony, June 7; Van Praag, interview with the author.

480 "In October 1993": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 311-12.

481 "But there are": Harper affidavit, December 28, 1970.

481 "But if there are": This assumes that Sirhan fired eight times, based on the eight empty CCI shell casings found by Sergeant Calkins in the barrel of Sirhan's revolver at 1:45 a.m. on June 5, and subsequently booked as evidence.

482 "If there were two guns": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 300-301.

483 "I have tried to quote": Sirhan, interview with Jack Perkins, NBC. Sirhan was also interviewed by Washington Post reporter Cynthia Gorney in 1979 (see note to page 489) and David Frost in 1989. Dan Rather also had a lengthy meeting with Sirhan while researching the 1976 CBS documentary The American Assassins.

483 "This view is shared": Bernard Diamond trial testimony; Robert Kaiser, interview with the author.

485 "We must also ask": Sirhan, interviews with William Klaber, September 26 and October 10, 1993, as quoted in Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 365. Dan Moldea, Adel Sirhan, and Rose Lynn Mangan were also present.

485 "While Sirhan's late attorney": Teeter Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus, 49-72.

485 "Grant Cooper conned me to say": Sirhan, third and final interview with Dan Moldea, June 5, 1994, as quoted in Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 301-2. Adel Sirhan was also present.

486 "When I visited": Munir Sirhan, interview with the author.

487 "Then, as now": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 364-65.

487 "Sirhan had no memory": These Sirhan quotes are taken from Klaber's accounts based on the first two interviews (Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 367-69) and Moldea's account of his third interview (Killing of Robert Kennedy, 298-300).

488 "Sirhan still couldn't understand": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 366, 369-70.

488 "He's been turned down" Larry Teeter, interview with the author.

488 "Sirhan first became eligible": Sirhan was initially scheduled for parole in 1982, but this was rescinded after a petition from LA County DA John Van de Kamp. Sirhan's next parole hearing took place in 1985.

489 "For his first parole hearing": Klaber and Melanson, Shadow Play, 367-68.

489 "Unlike his fellow prisoners": Sirhan, interview with Cynthia Gorney, "Sirhan," Washington Post, August 20, 1977.

489 "In 2001": Munir Sirhan, interview with the author; "The Reliable Source," Washington Post, October 12, 200l.

490 "Prison spokesperson": "The Real Manchurian Candidate," Pasadena Weekly, November 16,2006; Munir Sirhan, interview with the author.

491 "In March 2006": "Sirhan Again Denied Parole," Reuters, March 15, 2006.

491 "When I wrote to Sirhan": Sirhan, response to author through his brother Munir; William Pepper, interview with the author, January 2008; Pepper interview on Black Op Radio, October 11, 2007.

492 "The Ambassador Hotel": Paul Schrade, interviews and e-mail exchange with the author.

492 "Los Angeles County Supervisor": Moldea, Killing of Robert Kennedy, 300; "Sirhan Can't Remember," Washington Post, June 3,1977; Herbert Spiegel, interview with the author.

492 "At the time of writing": Pepper, interview with the author.

492 "Bob Kaiser": Kaiser, interview with the author.

493 "What can be done": Munir Sirhan, interview with the author.
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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

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Bibliography

ARCHIVE COLLECTIONS


California State Archives (CSA), Sacramento, CA

Burns, Frank. Written statement. June 12, 1968.

Firearms panel. Firearms examiner worksheets, panel evidence inventory, photographs, and special exhibits; individual examiner reports (October 4, 1975) and Initial and Comprehensive Joint Reports of the Firearms Examiners (October 3-4, 1975).

Firearms panel. Order for Retesting of Exhibits, People v. Sirhan. September 18, 1975.

Firearms panel. Order for Retesting of Exhibits (Order No. 5), September 26, 1975.

LAPD. Records relating to reinvestigations of the assassination. Microfilm roll 22, including unpublished "Reply to Questions Submitted by Allard K. Lowenstein" (December 20,1974).

LAPD. Records of the Wolfer Board of Inquiry. Microfilm rolls 23-24.

Sirhan, Sirhan B. Notebooks. Photocopies.

Sirhan, Sirhan B. Writing on legal pad in psychiatric sessions. Photocopies.

Special Unit Senator (SUS), Detective Bureau, Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). Investigation Files. Microfilm rolls 4-11, 15-20.

Special Unit Senator (SUS), Detective Bureau, Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). An Investigation Summary of the Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, The Final Report. February 1969. Microfilm roll 12.

Timanson, Uno. Written statement. June 6, 1968.

Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, DC

Records of the FBI Investigation into the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy, Code Name KENSALT. FBI files 56-156 and 62-587. CD-ROM. 1968-1969.

The Report of Thomas F. Kranz on the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. March 1977. http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/rtkasumm.htm.

John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston, MA (JFK Library)

Amory, Robert. Oral history interview.

Los Angeles County Superior Court Archives

Los Angeles County Clerk records relating to the Sirhan B. Sirhan case, 1969-1976.

Wenke, Robert (superior court judge). Hearing testimony. People v. Sirhan.

Wolfer testimony at Wenke hearings. People v. Sirhan. September 16-18, 1975.

National Archives, College Park, MD

Freedom of Information Act releases under the President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection Act of 1992 (JFK Records Act) regarding David Sanchez Morales, George Joannides, Bradley Ayers, and the Directorio Revolucionario Estudantil (or Revolutionary Student Directorate, DRE).

Robert F. Kennedy Assassination Archives, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth (RFKAA)

Crahan, Dr. Marcus. Report to District Attorney Evelle Younger regarding Sirhan B. Sirhan. February 20, 1969. With transcript of sessions.

Criminal case no. 14026. The People of Los Angeles County v. Sirhan Bishara Sirhan. Convened January 6, 1969, and concluded with a conviction on April 17, 1969.

Harper, William. Statement to American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 19, 1975.

Langman, Betsy. Research notes.

Los Angeles County Superior Court. Proceedings of The People of Los Angeles County v. Sirhan Bishara Sirhan. February 5-April 17, 1969. Clerk's Transcript of the Court Trial.

Lubic, Richard. Written statement to American Academy of Forensic Sciences. February 1975.

Melanson, Phillip. Research notes.

Moldea, Dan. Research notes.

Proceedings of the Los Angeles County Grand Jury, June 7, 1968. Transcript.

Sharaga, Paul. Interview with Art Kevin, KMPC, Los Angeles, December 20, 1974. Transcript.

Uecker, Karl. Written statement to Allard Lowenstein. February 20, 1975.

Urso, Lisa. Statement to DA's office investigator William Burnett. August 10, 1977.

Rose Lynn Mangan Collection, http://www.sirhansresearcher.com.

Mangan, Rose Lynn. Robert F. Kennedy/Sirhan Evidence Report. 1996.

Simson, Dr. Eduard. Affidavit.

Other rare documents regarding the assassination of RFK.

Other Documents

Bradley, Omar N. Bulova Trip Diaries. May-June 1968. United States Military Academy Library, West Point, NY.

Harper, William. Affidavit, December 28, 1970. Printed in Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, appendix.

Harper, William. "Notes on People vs, Sirhan." January 1, 1971. Published in Los Angeles Free Press, January 21, 1971.

Hecker, Dr. Michael. Written statement. Witnessed by Robert Joling. December 15, 1982.

Rockefeller Commission. Report of the Rockefeller Commission on CIA Activities Within the United States. June 1975.

Sirhan, Sirhan B. Legal pad writings recalling his movements at the Ambassador Hotel and striking a deal with President Johnson, nd. Courtesy of Michael McCowan.

Sharaga, Paul (sergeant, LAPD). Copy of original report for Captain Phillips. June 5, 1968.

Sharaga, Paul. Notarized written declaration. July 25, 1991.

Sharaga, Paul. Written statement. November 17, 1992.

Teeter, Lawrence. (2nd) Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus. Filed with the Supreme Court of California. July 19, 2002.

Witness statements. Obtained by Vincent T. Bugliosi. Printed in the appendix of Turner and Christian, Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, and comprising statements from William Bailey (November 14, 1976), Angelo Di Pierro (December 1, 1975), Thomas Noguchi (December 1, 1975), Martin Patrusky (December 12, 1975), and Robert Rozzi (November 15, 1975).

PICTURE AND SOUND ARCHIVE COLLECTIONS

While making my film and writing this book, I was helped immensely by senior news writer and journalist Brad Johnson, who has amassed the most comprehensive sound and image archive in existence regarding the assassination of Robert Kennedy. Thanks also go to Dave Hawkins at the Collector's Archives, Quebec, Canada.

Selected Audio

Barrett, Marilyn. Interview with Manuel Pena. September 12, 1992.

Black Op Radio. Interviews with Phil Van Praag (August 9, 2007) and William Pepper (October 11, 2007). http://www.blackopradio.com/archives2007.html.

Brent, Jeff. Recordings made at the Ambassador Hotel. June 5, 1968.

Burnett, William. Interview with William Bailey. 1977. RFKAA.

Frank, Barbara. Recordings made at the Ambassador Hotel. June 5, 1968.

Langman, Betsy. Interviews with Grant Cooper, Frank Hendrix, Roger La Jeunesse, Russell Parsons, Don Schulman, Paul Sharaga, Dr. Herbert Spiegel. Various dates, 1971-1976. RFKAA.

LAPD. Interviews of Sirhan in custody. June 5, 1968. CSA.

LAPD. Logging tapes. June 4-5, 1968. Courtesy CSA/Phil Van Praag.

LAPD. Witness interviews. Various dates. CSA.

LAPD. Reinterview with Jack Merritt. July 26, 1971.

Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office. Reinterview with Thane Cesar. July 14, 1971.

Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office. Reinterview with Don Schulman. July 23, 1971.

Marshall, John. Recordings made at the Ambassador Hotel. June 5, 1968.

Pruzynski, Stas. Recordings made at the Ambassador Hotel. June 5, 1968.

Rather, Dan. Interviews with Frank Burns and Boris Yaro for the CBS documentary The American Assassins. January 1976.

Schulman, Don. Interview with Special Counsel Thomas Kranz. October 24, 1975.

Simson, Dr. Eduard. Interview with Mae Brussell. June 13, 1977.

Sirhan, Sirhan B. Psychiatric sessions with Dr. Diamond, Dr. Pollack, and Robert Blair Kaiser. Various dates, January-February 1969. CSA and RFKAA.

West, Andrew. Recordings made at the Ambassador Hotel. June 5, 1968.

Selected Video

The Assassination of Robert Kennedy, Tim Tate for Channel 4 and A&E. 1992.

Conspiracy Test: The RFK Assassination. Discovery Times Channel. June 6, 2007.

Dr. Robert Joling Lecture on RFK case at Arizona University. Featuring Dr. Thomas Noguchi and Dr. Herbert McDonell. 1975.

Frost, David. Interview with Sirhan B. Sirhan. Broadcast on Inside Edition. 1989.

LAPD. Witness reconstructions. 1968 and 1977. CSA and RFKAA.

The Life and Death of RFK. Channel 4 Eye-Witness News. San Francisco. 1988.

Perkins, Jack (NBC reporter). Interview with Sirhan. Recorded May 22, 1969. Broadcast as First Tuesday: The Mind of an Assassin. June 3, 1969.

"The RFK Assassination: Shadows of Doubt." A Current Affair. 1992.

R.F.K. Must Die: The Assassination of Bobby Kennedy. Shane O'Sullivan. Dokument Films. 2007.

RFK segment. BBC Newsnight. November 20, 2006.

The R.F.K. Story. Fox. 1988.

The Robert Kennedy Assassination. Tim Tate for Channel 4. 1992.

Spiegel, Herbert. Fact or Fiction. Columbia University Film Series. 1967.

Special Unit Senator. Appendix C: List of Motion Picture Films, including SUS composite film. CSA.

The Second Gun. Alcan/Charach. 1973.

Television coverage of the California Democratic primary, RFK's speech, and the shooting aftermath: ABC, BBC, CBS, KCRA, KNXT, KTLA, KTTV, NBC.

Unsolved History: The RFK Assassination. Discovery Channel. 2005.

Unsolved Mysteries: A Second Gun in the RFK Assassination. NBC. 1990. Vanocur, Sander. NBC interviews with Robert Kennedy (June 4, 1968) and Sandra Serrano (June 5, 1968).

"Who Really Killed Robert Kennedy?" Now It Can Be Told. 1992.

NEWSPAPERS AND JOURNALS

Boston Herald American Chicago Tribune Granma Internacional The Guardian Jewelers Circular Keystone Life Long Beach Press Telegram Los Angeles Herald Examiner Los Angeles Sentinel Los Angeles Times Miami Herald Miami New Times The Nation New York Times Pasadena Independent Star-News Pasadena Star-News Pasadena Weekly Playboy Riverside Press-Enterprise Salon. com San Fernando Valley Times Santa Monica Evening Outlook Science Digest Washington Post USA Today

BOOKS AND ARTICLES

Ayers, Bradley Earl. The War That Never Was. Indianapolis: Bobbs Merrill, 1976.

Ayers, Bradley E. The Zenith Secret. New York: Vox Pop, 2006.

Ayton, Mel. "Did the CIA Kill Bobby Kennedy? The BBC's Blunder." History News Network. http://www.hnn.us.

Ayton, Mel. The Forgotten Terrorist. Dulles, VA: Potomac Books, 2007.

Bain, Donald. The CIA's Control of Candy Jones. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books, 2002.

Blum, William. "Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II." http://www.killinghope.org.

Bohning, Don. The Castro Obsession. Dulles, VA: Potomac Books, 2005.

Bowart, Walter. Operation Mind Control. Glasgow: Fontana/Collins, 1978.

Bradley, Omar N. A General's Life. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1983.

Calder, Michael. JFK vs. CIA. Los Angeles: West LA Publishers, 1998.

Cannon, Martin. "The Controllers." http://www.whale.to/b/cannon.html.

Charach, Theodore. "Why Sirhan Could Not Have Killed Robert Kennedy." Knave, March and April, 1976.

Christian, Jonn. "California Assassination Archives-Robert F. Kennedy: A Special Report." Easy Reader, November 17, 1988.

Christian, Jonn. "Fatal Connections." Book proposal. 1992.

Connery, Donald S. The Inner Source: Exploring Hypnosis with Dr. Herbert Spiegel. New York: Holt Rinehart Winston, 1984.

Corn, David. Blond Ghost. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.

DiEugenio, James, and Lisa Pease. The Assassinations. Los Angeles: Feral House, 2003.

Divale, William Tulio. I Lived Inside the Campus Revolution. New York: Cowles Book Company, 1970.

Emery, Carla. Secret, Don't Tell. http://www.hypnotism.org.

Eppridge, Bill, and Hays Gorey. The Last Campaign. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1993.

Estabrooks, G.H. The Future of the Human Mind. London: Museum Press, 1961.

Estabrooks, G.H. Hypnotism. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1957.

Evans, Peter. Nemesis. New York: Regan Books, 2004.

Frank, Gerold. The Boston Strangler. London: Pan Books, 1983.

Fonzi, Gaeton. The Last Investigation. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1993.

Garland, Patrick, ed. AFTE Journal: Special Edition on RFK Firearms Panel 8, 3 (October 1976).

Griffin, Booker. "Fatalism, Destiny: Fear Now Rea!''' L.A. Sentinel, June 5.

"Guarding the Dream." Time, June 8, 1988.

Hancock, Larry. Someone Would Have Talked. Southlake, TX: JFK Lancer, 2003.

Hedegaard, Erik. "The Last Confessions of E. Howard Hunt." Rolling Stone, March 23, 2007. http://www.rollingstone.com.

Heymann, David C. RFK. New York: Dutton, 1998.

Hinckle, Warren, and William Turner. Deadly Secrets. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1992.

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Isaac, Godfrey. I'll See You in Court. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1979.

Jansen, Godfrey. Why Robert Kennedy Was Killed. New York: Third Press, 1970.

Johnson, Haynes. The Bay of Pigs. New York: W.W. Norton, 1964.

Kaiser, Robert Blair. "R.F.K. Must Die!" New York: E. P. Dutton, 1970.

Kaiser, Robert B. "Sirhan in Jail." Life, January 17, 1969.

Klaber, William, and Philip Melanson. Shadow Play. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

Kroger, William S. Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis in Medicine, Dentistry and Psychology. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1977.

Lane, Mark. Plausible Denial. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1991.

Langguth, A. J. Hidden Terrors. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.

Langman, Betsy, and Alexander Cockburn. "Sirhan's Gun." Harper's, January 1975.

Maheu, Robert. Next to Hughes. New York: Harper Paperbacks, 1992.

Mangold, Tom. Cold Warrior. London: Simon and Schuster, 1993.

Marcuse. F. L. Hypnosis: Fact and Fiction. London: Penguin Books, 1976.

Matte, James Allan. Forensic Psychophysiology Using the Polygraph: Scientific Truth Verification- Lie Detection. Williamsville, NY: J.A.M. Publications, 1996.

McClintock, Michael. Instruments of Statecraft. http://www.statecraft.org/

McQuen, J. M. The Psychiatrist in the Courtroom: Selected Papers of Bernard L. Diamond, M.D. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1994.

Melanson, Philip H. "The CIA's Secret Ties to Local Police." Nation, March 26, 1983.

Melanson, Philip H. The Robert F. Kennedy Assassination. New York: Shapolsky, 1991.

"The Men Who Didn't Talk." Playboy, December 2007.

Milstein, Uri. History of Israel's War of Independence. Vol. 2. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1997.

Moldea, Dan E. The Killing of Robert Kennedy. New York: W. W. Norton, 1995.

Moldea, Dan E. "Who Really Killed Bobby Kennedy?" Regardie's, June 1987.

Morley, Jefferson. "Celebrated Authors Demand That the CIA Come Clean on JFK Assassination." Salon.com. December 17, 2003.

Morley, Jefferson. "Revelation 19.62." Miami New Times, April 12, 2001.

Morley, Jefferson, and David Talbot. "The BBC's Flawed RFK Story." Mary Ferrell Foundation. http://www.maryferrell.org.

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O'Sullivan, Shane. "Did These Men Kill Bobby Kennedy?" Guardian. November 20, 2006.

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Pepper, William F. An Act of State. London: Verso, 2003.

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Powers, Thomas. The Man Who Kept the Secrets. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979.

Rappleye, Charles, and Ed Becker. All American Mafioso: The Johnny Rosselli Story. New York: Doubleday, 1991.

Richelsen, Jeffrey T. Wizards of LangLey. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2001.

Rogers, Warren. When I Think of Bobby. New York: Harper Collins, 1993.

Ross, Colin A. Bluebird. Richardson, TX: Manitou Communications, 2000.

Russo, Gus. Live by the Sword. Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998.

Salinger, Pierre. P.S. A Memoir. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.

Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr. Robert Kennedy and His Times. London: Futura Publications, 1979.

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Stone, Gregory. Selected Corrections of the Report of Special Counsel Krantz. July 27, 1977. Collector's Archives.

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Talbot, David. Brothers: The Hidden History of the Kennedy Years. New York: Free Press, 2007.

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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:51 pm

Acknowledgments

Revisiting the hope and turmoil of America in 1968 with the many contributors to this book has been a deeply rewarding experience. My accidental foray into criminal investigation has brought lasting and cherished friendships born of shared values and a desire and need for justice after all these years.

I've had two "godfathers" since the start, sending support and encouragement from the hills above Los Angeles and the woods of Wisconsin. Paul Schrade and Bradley Ayers were left physically and emotionally scarred by their experiences in the Ambassador pantry and at JMWAVE, respectively. But for most of my lifetime, they have fought deeply felt crusades to find answers to the mysteries behind the deaths of John and Robert Kennedy. I have tremendous admiration for them both.

I have also been blessed by my friendship with David Rabern, who's been an invaluable sounding board through the twists and turns of my investigation.

My thanks, too, to Robert Blair Kaiser, through whose captivating book "R.F.K. Must Die!" the mysteries of this case first took hold. Kaiser has encouraged me throughout, first during the making of my film, then in this book, by sharing key materials. Kaiser was personally present at the defense psychiatrist's recorded interviews with Sirhan and reported on them extensively in his book. Kaiser has graciously given me broad leeway to use the transcripts of those interviews here.

I am grateful to BBC Newsnight editor Peter Barron for his courage in commissioning my initial story, producer Simon Enright for helping bring it to the screen, and George Dougherty, my cameraman, for his support and second opinion as we crisscrossed America.

Thanks to Phil Daoust at the Guardian for commissioning a feature on the BBC story that set the blogs chatting about the case again, and to Greg Newman at MPI for helping my feature documentary R.F.K. Must Die get to the finish line.

I'm very grateful to witnesses such as Sandra Serrano, Frank Burns, Vincent Di Pierro, and Evan Freed, who agreed to relive their experiences at the Ambassador Hotel again, however painful; and I respect Michael McCowan for not dodging the difficult questions.

Warm regards to Genevieve Troka and the extremely dedicated staff at the California State Archives, whose willingness to explore even the most arcane detail was much appreciated. Thanks, too, to Pat Sikora for being such a wonderful host on my visit to the RFK Assassination Archives at UMass Dartmouth, and to Judy Farrar for allowing me to scan the Sirhan trial transcript to PDF instead of camping out for weeks in New Bedford.

My sincere thanks to journalist Brad Johnson, whose huge video and audio archive helped unlock the mystery of Gordon Campbell, et al. Abrazos to Manuel Chavez for his determined efforts to find the truth on my behalf and to Don Bohning for putting us together. I also salute Patrick Garland and Stanton Berg for talking me through the workings of the 1975 firearms panel.

Thanks to Michael Calder for his digging at the Superior Court Archives and to Rose Lynn Mangan for sharing her vast archive and insights on the history of the case and the history of the evidence. I'm sorry I could not include more of this material here.

As each year passes, more heroes of the struggle to tell this story slip away. I salute the work of Larry Teeter, Jonn Christian, Philip Melanson, and William Bailey, all of whom passed away while I was working on this project.

I'm grateful to the families of David Morales and Michael Roman for candidly addressing serious allegations about loved ones with a refreshing openness.

I also thank Phil Van Praag, Malcolm Blunt, John Simkin, James Richards, Betsy Langman, Wayne Smith, Ed Wilson, Dr. Herbert Spiegel, Dan Hardway, Leslie Brittain, Larry Hancock, Ed Lopez, Tom Clines, Ruben Carbajal, Robert Walton, Mark Sobel, Marilyn Barrett, Robert Joling, Summer Reese, and William Pepper for their help along the way.

I'm grateful to Munir Sirhan for agreeing to speak about a case that has haunted him every day for forty years. I hope the new psychiatric evaluations with Sirhan are the first step toward clarity for us all.

Finally, huge thanks to the team at Union Square Press who shepherded me through the writing of my first book with great skill and understanding. I first met editorial director Philip Turner over breakfast in New York at the end of my first research trip and intuitively sensed he "got it." Two years later, Philip had the vision to see the resonance this story has for a contemporary audience. I thank him for his patience and advice. Also, kudos to John F. Baker for his judicious and sensitive cutting as we worked together to edit the manuscript; Eileen Chetti for her meticulous project management; Iris Blasi for keeping everything on track; Chrissy Kwasnik for her design and layout; and Becky Maines for coordinating all their efforts.
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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:51 pm

Index

Abbott, Greg, 143
ABC, 225
Abo, Stanley, 19
Ace Guard Service, 133, 176-178, 316, 324, 326, 334-335, 338, 339, 340, 417
FBI interviews of, 179-185
Thane Cesar at, 3 I2-313
Adult Authority, 364
African Americans, 272
Robert Kennedy and, 12
Agency for International Development (AID), 405, 406, 407, 409, 412, 423
Air America, 422-423
Alarcon, Arthur L., 188
Alcohol, hypnosis and, 392
Alexander, Phil, 153, 154
Al Fatah, 102
Alfeld, Robert, 373
Alhambra Post Advocate, 133
Allende, Salvador, 437
Allen, Morse, 394-395, 396
Allen, Ronald, 192, 193, 195-196, 417
Allied Powers, 83
Altfillisch, Burt, 88, 91, 101
Ambassador Ballroom, 166, 167, 168, 169, 173, 180, 181, 222, 454
Ambassador Hotel, 79, 197, 202, 203, 204, 219, 220, 226, 233, 234, 244, 245, 246, 286, 290, 292, 296, 298, 299, 303, 308, 324, 374
Ace Guard Service and, 335
ballistics investigation at, 53-55, 66, 356
cased by strangers, 165-166
CIA at, 425-452
girl in polka-dot dress at, 114, 118-119, 120
LAPD at, 51-52
layout of, 167
RFK assassinated in, 7-10, 11-12, 13-18, 18-19, 21, 22-25, 26.2
Sandra Serrano in, 120-123, 126
security at, 159-185
security force at, 176-177, 179-185
Sirhan Sirhan's first in-person look at RFK at, 111-113, 230
Thane Cesar at, 312-313
Ambrose, John, 122, 123, 142
America, Sirhan Sirhan's declaration of war against, 95-96, 97. See also United States
American Academy of Forensic Sciences, 363, 364
American Assassins, The (documentary), 63
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 186, 187, 226
in Sirhan Sirhan investigation, 43, 49
American Institute of Hypnosis, 398, 399-400
American Protection Industries, 335, 417
Americans (Wilcox), 417
Ammunition, Sirhan Sirhan purchase of, 109-110. See also
Bullets
Amnesia, hypnosis and, 392
Amory, Robert, 412
Amphetamines, 381, 391
Analyzed Evidence Report, 353
Anarchism
Sirhan Sirhan influenced by, 86-87, 95
Ancient Mystical Order of the Rosy Cross (AMORC), 89, 255, 399. See also Rosicrucians
Anderson, Clay, 416
Anderson, Jack, 190
Angleton, James, 424
Anheuser- Busch, 346
Anti-Castro exiles, 442
Antiwar demonstrations, California primary election and, 6
Appeal, organization of, 306
Arab countries, 105
Arab-Israeli War of 1948, 84-85, 234-235, 242-243, 408
effects on Sirhan Sirhan, 263-265, 282, 285
Arab-Israeli War of 1967, 208, 236, 307, 385, 390, 391. See
also Six-Day War
Sirhan Sirhan's preoccupation with, 45, 46, 83, 92-93, 94-97
Arab refugees, 228
Arabs, 285, 286, 287, 288, 291, 295, 301, 310-311
Sirhan Sirhan's trial and, 250-252
Sirhan Sirhan on, 200, 203, 232
Arab states, versus Israel, 83, 84
Argentina, 448
Argonaut Insurance Company, 102
Armbruster, Mark, 165
Armistice Agreements of 1949, 85
Arnot, Larry, 109-110
Arraignment, of Sirhan Sirhan, 39-40
Ashton- Taylor, Ruth, 319, 320
Assassination, 304, 305-306, 309-310
by professionals, 435-436
programmed, 395-396
Assassins, mental states of, 199
Attalla, Phillip, 42
Audiotape, of RFK assassination, 476-481
Automatic writing, 237, 239-240, 240-241, 252-256, 278-279, 402
Autopsy
in ballistics investigation, 51-82
photos from, 424
Ayers, Bradley, 426, 427-431, 434, 435, 449, 455, 457, 468-469
background of, 427-428
Ayton, Mel, 454, 455, 479
Azusa, 116-117

Bailey, F. Lee, 399
Bailey, Frances, 165
Bailey, William, 375-376
Bain, Donald, 401
Balfour, Arthur, 83
Balfour Declaration, 83
Balliscan camera, 355, 361, 368
Ballistics investigation and autopsy, 51-82, 349, 355-357, 357-362, 364-379, 424
evidence at trial, 274
Baptists, Sirhan family as, 86
Barrett, Marilyn, 135, 136, 144, 158, 406-407, 409, 410
Barry, William, 13, 15, 18, 19, 25-26, 50, 64, 164, 166, 167, 169-170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 336, 347
responsibility for RFK security, 159-161
Bay of Pigs invasion, 190, 426, 428-431, 436, 448
Bazilauskas, Victor, 32
BBC, 346, 444, 453
Begin, Menachem, 84
Behrman, Max, 25
Bell, Willie, 176, 179, 180, 181
Berg, Stanton, 365, 367, 369, 370
Beringer, Thomas, 377
Berkeley People's Park, 164
Berle, Milton, 313
Berman, Emile Zola, 212, 236, 237, 261, 299
at Sirhan Sirhan's trial, 263-265
Bernstein, Mr. and Mrs., 157-158
on girl in polka-dot dress, 129-130
Betancourt, Romulo, 410, 413
Beverly Hills, U.S. support for Israel in, 107
Biasolti, Alfred, 365, 369
Bible lessons, for Sirhan Sirhan, 98
Bidstrup, Hans, 223
Biltmore Hotel, 263
Black Panther Party, 337, 361
Robert Kennedy and, 6
student dissent and, 404
"Black September" hostages, 417
Blehr, Barbara, 358-359, 360
Blishak, Officer, 130
Bloody Treason (Twyman), 426
Blue Mountain, Arkansas, 331
Blue Skies trailer park, 182
B'nai B'rith Messenger, 92
Bohrman, Stan, 406
Boston Herald American, 320
BOlling, Laverne, 116-117
Bowsher, Gordon, 88
Boyko, Mrs. Donald, 98
Bradford, Lowell, 362, 365, 367, 368, 369, 370, 471-472, 474
Brainwashing, 388, 389, 393, 399
Brandt, William, 40
trial testimony of, 277
Bremer, Arthur, 400
Brent, Jeff, 318, 319, 320, 323, 328, 332, 334
Breslin, Jimmy, 20, 161, 175
Briem, Ray, 398
Bringuier, Carlos, 442
British mandate of Palestine, 83
termination of, 84
Brixson, Eddie, 478
Brodie, Howard, 193
Brown, Hugh, 152
Bryan Robot Hypnosis System, 398
Bryan, William J., 386-387
credentials of, 399
death of, 400-401
on Sirhan Sirhan hypnosis, 398-401, 403
Bryton's Book Store, 93
Buckley, Richard, 40, 186, 188
Buckner, Everett, 215, 216-217
Bugliosi, Vincent, 371, 372-374, 375
Bullets, 266. See also Ammunition; Ballistics investigation
and autopsy
in assassination reinvestigation, 352-353
as evidence at trial, 274, 275, 276, 277, 280, 289
purchased by Sirhan Sirhan for target practice, 215-217, 219-220
reexamination of, 355-357, 357-362, 364-379
in Robert Kennedy assassination, 55-57, 59~0, 61~6, 66-70, 70-82
Bulova, 471
Bulova, Arde, 471
Burbank, 126, 312, 422
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, 420
Burns, Frank, 23, 62, 63, 66, 70, 79, 381
testimony by, 75-76
Burris, Richard, 126, 127-128
Busch, Joseph P., 331, 359, 362, 363
death of, 364
Bush, George H. W., 341
Butler, Dave, 371-372, 379
Byrne, W. Matthew, Jr., 260, 351
as Sirhan Sirhan prosecutor, 260

Cadman, Jack, 358
California
death penalty in, 305
Election Day 1968 in, 5-10
Sirhan family emigration to, 85-86
California Board of Medical Examiners, 399
California Department of Justice, 365
California Highway Patrol, Munir Sirhan's contacts with, 99-100
California State Archives (CSA), 378, 431, 477
California Supreme Court, 361, 363
Calkins, Robert, 52, 53, 274
Campbell, Gordon, 428, 429, 430, 433-434, 435, 440-441, 448, 449, 452, 457, 467-470, 473
Camp Peary Base, 405
Cantillon, James, 351
Cantrell, William, 413-414
Capitalism, Sirhan Sirhan on, 95
Caporozzo, Jacquelyn, 194
Caracas, Venezuela, Hank Hernandez in, 410-411, 413
Carbajal, Ruben "Rocky," 426, 427, 437-438, 439
Carson, Beaux, 331
Carson City, Nevada, 422
Castellano, Lillian, 352
Castro, Fidel, 423, 442
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 428-431
plot to assassinate, 190
Cat Patch topless bar, 102
CBS, 319, 431, 432
at Ambassador Hotel, 171, 172
in assassination reexamination, 364, 365
Ted Charach and, 328
Central Jail, Sirhan Sirhan interrogation at, 34-40, 43, 47-49
Central Property, 53
Central Receiving Hospital, 51, 52
RFK taken to, 22-23, 23-24, 25-26, 31-32
Century Plaza, 335, 417
Cesar, Eleanor, 341
Cesar, Thane Eugene, 13, 15, 28, 63, 166, 177-178, 317, 321, 329-331, 334-335, 338, 339, 340, 363
gun belonging to, 293-294, 312-317
LAPD and FBI interviews of, 313-315
personal history of, 323-327
polygraph test of, 344-345, 346, 348
as RFK assassin, 346-348, 482
after RFK assassination, 341-342
in RFK assassination conspiracy, 179, 182, 183, 184, 185, 206-207
testimony by, 75
Cetina-Carrillo, Gonzalo, 221-222
Charach, Theodore "Ted," 206-207, 317, 319, 322-329, 331, 334, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 347, 358, 361, 363
Charles, Clemard, 415
Chavez, Irene, 122, 126
Chavez, Manuel, 455-456
Chicago, Democratic National Convention in, 12, 13
Chicago Mob, 189-190, 344, 423
Chile, 437-438
Chino, 200, 20 I
Christian, Jonn, 157-158, 362, 399, 400, 401
Christians, Sirhan family as, 86
Church of the Nazarene, 85
Church World Service, as Sirhan family sponsor, 85, 86
CIA, 148, 185, 193, 334, 346, 381, 383, 397, 400
at Ambassador Hotel, 425-452
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 428-431
hypnosis experiments by, 394-398
JFK assassination and, 425
Manny Pena and, 405-406
in plot to assassinate Castro, 190
RFK assassination and, 404-424, 453-474, 475-493
City of Pasadena Sanitation Department, 272
Clark, Alvin, 301
trial testimony of, 272
Clark, Mark, 361
Clark, Ramsey, 190
Clemente, John, 352
Clines, Tom, 423, 449-450
Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis (Kriger), 401-402
Cogan, Phil, 319
Cohen, Mickey, 191, 192
Colby, William, 423
Cold War, 412
Collier, Charles, 53, 261, 330, 377
Colombia, 409
Colonial Room, 167, 169, 171, 174, 175, 177-178, 197, 247, 381
RFK shot near entrance to, 13-18, 18-19, 21, 22, 71, 72
Sirhan Sirhan in, 8-9
Thane Cesar in, 313
Colonial Room Progress Report, 170
Columbia University, 385
Communism, 236, 380, 436
hypnosis and, 388-389
Sirhan Sirhan and, 45, 95, 102, 105
Compliance, of Sirhan Sirhan, 392
Compton, Lynn "Buck, " 204-205, 261, 262-263, 279, 280, 285-291
closing argument by, 302-303
Condon, Richard, 380
Conspiracy, in RFK assassination, 23, 28, 32-33, 165-166, 179-185, 187, 201-202. See also CIA; Girl in polka-dot
dress
Continental Airlines, 422
Continental Air Services (CAS), 422-423
Control of Candy Jones, The (Bain), 40 I
Cooper, Grant, 109, 113, 152, 155, 186, 194-195, 196, 197, 198, 205, 213, 227, 233, 294-295, 307, 321-322, 336, 353, 358, 361, 408, 416, 485
closing arguments of, 299-302
in Friars Club case, 189-191, 194, 204, 208-209, 260, 322, 351
meetings with Sirhan Sirhan, 236-238
scandal involving, 351
as Sirhan Sirhan defense attorney, 188-189, 190-191, 208-212
Sirhan Sirhan interviewed by, 215-219, 223-226
during the Sirhan Sirhan trial, 259-263, 266-271, 272-273, 274-281, 284-285, 291-292, 293
on verdict, 305
Cooper, Phyllis, 260
Copper-coated bullets, 367
Corcoran State Penitentiary, 345
Cordero, Humphrey, 221, 293
Ambassador Hotel layout and, 167
Corning, New York, 361
Corona, 213
girl in polka-dot dress target shooting in, 117-118
Sirhan Sirhan employed in, 89-91
Corona Community Hospital, Sirhan Sirhan as patient in, 90-91, 195
Corona Police Pistol Range, Sirhan Sirhan's target practice
at, 102, 108-109, 110, 289
Cosa Nostra, 190
Council on Foreign Relations, 341
Counter-Intelligence Corps, 407
County Coroner's Office, 349, 350
Crahan, Marcus, 42, 47-48, 49, 232, 382
Cranston, Alan, 8, 317
Cravens, Sergeant, 157
Crehan, Ethel, 117
Critchfield, james, 459, 460
Crowe, Walter, 95, 102
Cuba, 426
Bay of Pigs invasion of, 426, 428-431
Cunningham, Cortland, 365, 367, 368, 369
Curtis, Lloyd, 179, 180-181
Cyclomancy, 93-94
Czolgosz, Leon, 198

Daily Summary of Activities (DSA), 207
Dallas, Texas, 425, 426, 438
Damascus Gate, 84, 264
Davies, jack, 213
Davis, Edward, 203, 359, 360, 370
Deadly Secrets, 440
Death penalty, 305
unconstitutionality of, 361
Defense, at Sirhan Sirhan's trial, 282-311
Defense team, for Sirhan Sirhan, 186-212
Deir Yassin, 84, 199
Del Mar Race Track, Sirhan Sirhan employed at, 91
Democratic National Convention, 12, 145
Democratic Party, 223, 324, 340, 341
California primary election and, 5-6
Department of Defense, 312, 334
Department of Immigration, 214
Department of justice, 164
DeSalvo, Albert, 399, 400
Descriptive Summary (LAPD), of RFK assassination, 164
Dewey, Thomas, 287
Diamond, Bernard, 114, 186, 198, 224, 262, 284, 294, 301, 303, 381-382, 383, 384, 415, 483-484
conclusion summary by, 295-297
cross-examination of, 297-298
diagnosis of Sirhan Sirhan, 392
meetings with Sirhan Sirhan, 227-236, 238-251, 252-258
Dictatorship, Sirhan Sirhan on, 95
Di Pierro, Angelo, 123, 168
on bullets, 373-374
Di Pierro, Vincent, 61, 64, 69, 79, 142, 146, 155-156, 184, 205, 206, 381, 391
on girl in polka-dot dress, 123-124, 125, 126, 127, 134
polygraph examination of, 136, 148-152
testimony by, 74-75
trial testimony of, 267-270
Discovery Channel, RFK documentary on, 346-347
Dombrow, Walter, 432
"Domestic Police Training, " 404-405
Dominican Republic, 411
Dooley, Wes, 478
Dozier, Paul, 373
Drayne, Dick, 175
DRE (Directorio Revolucionario Estudantil), 442, 446
Drinkwater, Terry, 431
Drugs, hypnosis and, 392, 394
Duarte, Sirhan Sirhan target practice in, 215-217
Duke University Medical Center, 381
Dulles, Allen, 395, 428
Duncan, Paul, 163
Dunphy, Jerry, 319, 320, 328
Dupont Plaza, 436
Durham, North Carolina, 381
Dutch resistance, 97
Dutton, Fred, 7, 18, 25, 162, 167, 171, 173, 174, 176
LAPD interviews of, 169-170
as RFK campaign manager, 160, 161, 163-164
Duvalier, "Papa Doc," 415

East, Fred, 416
East Pasadena Firearms Co., 215
Eckert, William, 350
Edwards Air Force Base, 411
Egypt, 94, 105
Egyptian Air Force, after Six-Day War, 97
Egyptians, hypnocourier system of ancient, 393
EI Cortez Hotel, 213
Electroencephalogram (EEG), for Sirhan Sirhan, 202-205
Embassy Ballroom
Bernsteins and, 129
Embassy Ballroom, 165, 167, 177-178, 182, 183, 266, 197, 321, 433, 454
Robert Kennedy in, 8-10, 12, 120-123
Sandra Serrano and, 120-123
Thane Cesar in, 312
Enders, Rudy, 457, 467, 468
Engle, Byron, 407, 408, 412, 413
Enyart, Scott, 421
Eppridge, Bill, 17, 315-316
Erhard, George, 41, 99, 274
Estabrooks, George E., 387, 393
on hypnosis applications, 396-397, 401
Evans, Elizabeth, 17, 54, 57, 59, 68, 69, 80, 132, 178, 319, 368
Eyewitnesses
location and stance during assassination, 70-82
second-gun theories and, 317-321, 327, 328-329, 331-333, 336-341, 355-357
testimony about gun, 62-{i4
Eysenck, H. J., 402

Fact or Fiction -- An Experiment in Post-Hypnotic
Compliance documentary, 387-390
Factory (Hollywood club), 166
Fahey, John Henry
on girl in polka-dot dress, 118-119, 119-120, 133-134
polygraph examination of, 153-155
Fair Play for Cuba Committee, 442
Fatal shot, in Robert Kennedy assassination, 55-56
Faura, Fernando, 154, 406
on girl in polka-dot dress, 133-134
FBI, 190, 193, 195-196, 199, 205, 206, 213, 223, 260, 272, 365, 375-376, 381, 382, 397, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 424
Albert LeBeau interviewed by, 116
in ballistics investigation, 57, 62, 64, 66, 71, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81
interviews of Ambassador Hotel staff and security, 179-185
lack Gallivan interviewed by, 170-171
lohn Ambrose and, 122-123
"Manchurian Candidate" scenario and, 391
Mary Ann Wiegers interviewed by, 132
NBC interviewed by, 171
Nina Rhodes interviewed by, 343
Sandra Serrano interviewed by, 125, 126-129
Sirhan Sirhan ammunition purchase and, 1IO
in Sirhan Sirhan investigation, 46
and Sirhan Sirhan's employment record, 91, 101
Ted Charach and, 329
Thane Cesar interviewed by, 3 I3, 341
Vincent Di Pierro interviewed by, 123, 127
Ferdinand, Archduke, assassination of, 198
Fernandez-Rocha, Luis, 444, 456
Ferrie, David, 400
Finkel, Dr., 366
First Baptist Church, Sirhan family in, 86
Fish Canyon Road, Sirhan Sirhan target practice at, 215-217
Fitts, David, 204, 205, 211, 261, 263, 281
closing arguments of, 299
cross-examination by, 297-298
at Sirhan Sirhan trial, 269-270, 274-276
Fitzgerald, Des, 429
Florida Keys, 430
Fang, Wally, 352
Fonzi, Gaeton, 426, 427
Foreign Service Institute, 407
Foster, Frank, 35, 38-39
Fox, lack, 319
France Soir, 320
Frankenheimer, John, 6
on RFK, 380-381
Frederic. Wisconsin, 427
Freed, Evan, 63
Freedom of Information Act, 375, 404-405
Freedom of speech, Sirhan Sirhan on, 95
French newspapers, coverage of RFK assassination by, 28
Friars Club card cheating case, 189-191, 194, 204, 208-209, 260, 322, 351
Friedman, Maurice, 189
Fulmer, Cathy Sue, 125-126
Fundamentalism, hypnosis and, 399
Funeral, for Robert Kennedy, 50

Gaither, Dick, 328
Gallivan, Jack, 15, 18, 167, 170-171, 173
Gambling, by Sirhan Sirhan, 87, 98
Gardner, William E, 165, 176-177, 178, 179-182, 312
Garland, Patrick, 365, 367, 368, 369, 371
Garrison, Jim, 190, 200, 400
Gates, Daryl, 365
Gelb, Edward, 344
Gelleral's Life, A (Bradley), 471
George, Carl, 328
Germany, 84, 97
Girl in polka-dot dress, 10, 21, 32-33, 114-134, 183-184, 234, 244-245, 268-270, 27 1, 290, 308, 316, 339, 384, 405
Bernsteins' account of, 129- 130
description of, 114-116, 120, 121, 125-126
eyewitness sightings of, 116-117, 117-118, 125-126, 133
Fernando Faura's report on, 133-134
George Green's account of, 133
Irene Gizzi's account of, 131-132, 152-153
John Henry Fahey's account of, 118-119, 119-120, 133-134
Katie Keir's account of, 132
LAPD dismissal of, 116, 117, 118, 125, 127-128, 130-131
in "Manchurian Candidate" scenario, 390-391, 392, 393
news accounts of, 133-134
polygraph testing concerning, 135-158
Richard Houston's account of, 132-133
Rosicrucians and, 134
Sandra Serrano's account of, 120-123, 125, 126-128, 128-129, 130, 132
Sirhan Sirhan and, 114-116, 120, 129-130, 130-131 , 132, 133
target practice by, 117-118
Vince Di Pierro's account of, 123-124, 125, 126, 127, 134
Gizzi, Irene, on girl in polka-dot dress, 131-132, 152-153
Glenn, John, 50
Gloucester County College, 375-376
Goldberg, Arthur J., 300
Golden Globe Award, for The Second Gun, 336
Goldstein, Ira, 15, 19, 54, 56, 57, 59, 66, 68, 69, 75, 80, 275, 317, 318, 319, 333, 333, 337, 366, 367, 370, 371, 378, 481
Good Samaritan Hospital, 170, 173, 320, 421
Robert Kennedy autopsy at, 51, 52, 55-56
Good, Tom, 87, 95
Goodwin, Dick, 7
Gottlieb, Sidney, 395, 398
Grand jury, 195
ballistics testimony before, 64-66, 71-73
DeWayne Wolfer as witness before, 56-59
doubts about murder weapon during, 60-61
in Sirhan Sirhan murder indictment, 188
Thomas Noguchi as witness before, 59-60
Vincent Di Pierro's testimony before, 125
Granja Vista Del Rio Ranch, Sirhan Sirhan employed at, 88-89, 91
Gratsos, Costa, 415
Gray, William P., 194
Greek Orthodox, Sirhan family as, 86
Green, George, on girl in polka-dot dress, 133
Grieco, Paul, 18, 70
Grier, Roosevelt "Rosey," 11, 12, 15, 18, 19-20, 26, 167, 172, 179, 313
Griffin, Booker, 20
Griffith Park, 401
Grohs, Mary, 222, 381
"Guardian angel, " 93
Guevara, Che, 437
Gugas, Chris, 134
Guinn, Vincent, 80, 81
Gumm, Gwen, 283
Gun, 56, 266, 270-271, 295-296, 303, 314, 355-357, 357-362, 381. See also Ballistics investigation and
autopsy; Second gun
audio tape of firing of, 476-481
belonging to Thane Cesar, 293-294, 325-327, 342
as evidence at trial, 274-275, 276-277, 289, 293-294
examination of, 53, 56-57
gross characteristics of, 370
as murder weapon, 57-59, 59-60, 60-61, 61-66, 66-70, 216, 249-250
purchased by Sirhan Sirhan, 99-100, 101-102, 109-110
reexamination of, 59
rifling of, 369-370
trail of possession of, 274
used by Sirhan Sirhan in target practice, 215-217, 219-220, 238
Guthrie, Phillip, 363-364

Hagan, Peter, 164
Haiti, 415
Hall, Manly Palmer, 401
Hamill, Pete, 63
testimony by, 74
Hampton, Fred, 361
Hardrup, Palle, 387
Hardway, Dan, 443, 445, 458-460, 467
Harper, William W., 325, 354-361, 363, 368, 369, 370-371, 384
Sirhan Sirhan's trial and, 259
Harrington, Wesley, 374-375
Harris, John, 282
Harrison, Phillip, 479
Harvard University, 393
Harvey, Laurence, 380
Harvey, William, 429
Harwood, Dick, 160
Hashishim sect, 305, 310
Havana, Cuba, 426
Healing: The Divine Art (Hall), 401
Heath, Thadis, 170
Hecht, Richard, 331, 333, 339, 359
Held, Kenneth, 175
Helms, Richard, 395, 397-398, 404
Hendrix, Frank, 181-182, 334-335, 417
Hendrix, Loretta, 335
Henshel, Harry D., 471
Herald Examiner, 302
Hernandez, Enrique "Hank," 137, 207, 269, 400, 405, 409, 410-412, 413
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 429
life and death of, 411-412
polygraph examination of Vincent Di Pierro, 136, 148-152
polygraph examination of John Fahey, 153-155
polygraph examination of Sandra Serrano, 135, 136-143, 144-148
Hernandez, Enrique, Jr., 412
Herrick, Donna, 110
Hewitt, Lieutenant, 59
Heymann, C. David, 51, 421
History of the American People (Muzzey), 197-198, 199
Ho Chi Minh Trail, 423
Holland, 97
Hollinger, Lin, 349, 350
Holloway, Dr., 80-81
Hollywood, III
Hollywood Park, 214
Homicide Investigation (Snyder), 358
Hoover, J. Edgar, 81, 159, 260, 423-424
Hope, Paul, 315
Horrall, James, 51, 52
Horse racing, Sirhan Sirhan and, 87, 88-91, 10 1, 214
Hot Walker's license, 88
Houghton, Robert, 59, 81, 157, 205, 324, 354, 406, 408
House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA), 441, 443, 445
Houston, Richard, on girl in polka-dot dress, 132-133
Howard, John, 34, 35-36, 69, 109, 128, 155, 186, 261, 267, 269, 273, 281, 290, 364, 475, 480
Hughes, Howard, 423
Hughes Aircraft, 185, 334, 346
Humphrey, Hubert, 5, 7, 9, 199, 200
1968 election lost by, 207
Hunt, E. Howard, 460-461
Hunt, H. L., 200
Hypnosis, 381, 383-386, 386-391
CIA experimentation with, 394-398
committing crimes under, 387-390
military uses of, 393-394
multiple personalities via, 396-397
religion and, 399, 40D-401
Sirhan Sirhan as under, 391-393, 400
Hypnosis and Behavior Modification (West), 402
Hypnotherapy, 230-231, 401
of Sirhan Sirhan, 227-258, 297-298
Hypnotic couriers, 393-394
Hypnotic Induction Profile, 386

Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS), Munir
Sirhan's contacts with, 99-100
Insanity, Sirhan Sirhan and, 37, 38, 39, 42-43, 47-49
Intelligence Division, LAPD, ballistics investigation by, 51-52
Inter-Con, 412
Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 346
International Legal Center, 409
International Police Academy (IPA), 413, 414
Irbin, 110
massacre in Palestine by. 84
Isaac, Godfrey, 327, 350, 363
Israel, 94, 97, 219, 285, 287, 297, 307-308. See also Arab-
Israeli War entries
founding of, 83-84, 84-85
Jordan bombed by, 110
Robert Kennedy's support of, 103-104, 105-107, 110, 113, 228, 233, 234-235, 239, 242-243, 265, 287, 297, 307-308, 390
Sirhan Sirhan's feelings toward, 83
Israeli Air Force, Jordan bombed by, 110
Izvestia, on RFK assassination, 47

Jabara, Abdeen, 306
Jack Tar Hotel, 161
James, "Rattlesnake," 191
Jerusalem, 236, 295, 408
in Arab-Israeli War of 1948, 84-85
division of, 85
Sirhan Sirhan born in, 83
after Six-Day War, 97
Jewel, Howard, 409
Jewish homeland, 83, 84
Jews, 244, 295, 296, 383
escape from Nazis by, 97
Sirhan Sirhan's view of, 97, 98, 103-104, 200, 203, 204, 208, 210-211, 219
JFK Records Act, 447
Jimenez, Marcos Perez, 411
JMWAVE base, 426, 427, 428, 429, 432, 440, 442, 446
Joannides, George, 441-447, 452, 453, 459, 467, 474
John Kennedy Assassination Truth Action Committee, 352
John Muir High School, 197
Sirhan Sirhan enrolled at, 86
Johnson, Alexander, 410
Johnson, Brad, 453, 475
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 80, 190, 200, 300
and Secret Service protection for political candidates, 159
student dissent and, 404
Johnson, Rafer, 11, 12, 18, 19, 20, 51, 52-53, 167, 171, 179, 274, 313
Joling, Robert, 363, 366, 370
Jones, Candy, 40 I, 403
Jordan, 86, 408
in division of Jerusalem, 85
Israeli bombardment of, 110
Sirhan Sirhan born in, 83
Jordan, Bill
credentials and death of, 415
on interview with Sirhan Sirhan, 38
Jordan, Bill, 28, 29-31, 34, 36, 37, 129, 130-131, 157, 158, 225-226, 290, 338, 382, 421
Journal of Social Therapy, The, 229
Justice, Sirhan Sirhan's concept of, 36-37

KABC radio, 398
Kadar, Gabor, 20
Kaiser, Robert Blair, 104, 188, 195, 196-197, 199, 209, 205, 207, 212, 222, 220, 236, 241, 242, 263, 282, 294, 298, 328, 353-354, 382, 383, 405, 418-419, 483, 484, 492-493
bugging of, 415-417
on verdict, 305
post-trial visit with Sirhan Sirhan, 305-306
as Sirhan Sirhan defense attorney, 201-202
Sirhan Sirhan's trial and, 259
Kalaris, George, 442
Kappes, Mickey, 467
Karamessines, Thomas, 441
Kawalec, Stanley, 170, 178, 181, 316
Keeley, Robert, 444
Keene, Roy, 376
Keir, Katie, on girl in polka-dot dress, 132, 152-153
Kennedy, Edward, 306
Kennedy, Ethel, 7, II, 15, 19, 24, 25, 31-32, 49, 139, 141, 146, 160, 167, 172, 173, 174, 182
Kennedy, Jackie, 50
Kennedy, John Fitzgerald (JFK), 164, 228, 306, 415, 422
assassination of, 187, 425, 426, 427, 428-431, 436-437, 441
Sirhan Sirhan's feelings toward, 285, 287
Kennedy, Robert Francis (RFK), 198, 202, 204, 210, 211, 212
assassination of, 5-26
ballistics investigation and autopsy of, 51-82, 349, 355-357, 357-362, 364-379, 424
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 428-431, 438
in Bernard Diamond's report, 295-297
bullet wounds found in, 55-56, 57, 60-70
California primary victory speech by, 11-13
campaign rallies of, 114, 115
CIA and, 453-474
eyewitness accounts of assassination of, 317-321, 327, 328-329, 331-333, 336-341, 355-357
intelligence operations of, 413
JFK assassination and, 190
location and stance during assassination, 70-82
as "Manchurian Candidate" victim, 38D-403, 425-452
in plot to assassinate Castro, 190
polygraph testing concerning assassination of, 135-158
reinvestigation of assassination of, 349-379
route through Ambassador Hotel, 167, 168-169, 170-171, 171-172, 172-173, 173-174, 175, 177-178, 178-179, 299, 314
Sandra Serrano and, 120-123
second gun in assassination of, 312-348
security arrangements for, 159-185
Sirhan Sirhan's feelings toward, 83, 227-258
Sirhan Sirhan's first in-person look at, 110-113, 230
Sirhan Sirhan's lost memory of assassination of, 186-187, 200, 202, 210-211, 213-226, 227-258, 295-297, 297-298
Sirhan Sirhan's notes on, 102-108. See also Notebooks
in Sirhan Sirhan trial testimony, 259-281, 282-311
in state, 49-50
television documentary about, 103-104
in Thane Cesar assassination scenario, 346-348
true picture of assassination of, 475-493
writings on the shooting of, 44-45
Kennedy, Ted, 49-50
Kennedy Campaign Headquarters, 116-117
Kennedy family, 341
CIA hatred of, 436, 438, 446, 448
Kerrigan, Joan, 461
Kevin, Art, 157, 363
KFWB radio, 315
Kichel, Thomas, 219
Killing of Robert F. Kennedy, The (Moldea), 346, 417-418
"Killing zone, " 166, 171, 185, 347, 422
King, Coretta, 50
King, Gary, 427, 432
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 6, 49, 272, 306, 400, 415
KLA radio, 319
Klase, Robert, 225
Klein, Joan Dempsey, 39-40, 186, 226
Kline, Richard, 166-167, 175
KMPC radio, 157
KNX radio, 399
KNXT television, 317, 318, 319, 321, 419
Ted Charach and, 328
RFK documentary televised in, 104
Kulthum, Umm, 284, 489
Korean War, 380
Manny Pena in, 405
Kranz Report, 339, 340, 376
Kranz, Thomas, 320, 364, 370
interviews with Don Schulman, 336-341
Kroger, William, 401-403

LaHive, Joe, 343-344, 381
Lajeunesse, Roger, 405, 418-419, 420
Lane, Mark, 187
Langguth, A. J., 413
Langman, Betsy, 193, 196, 206, 321-322, 335, 382, 399-400, 406
Languages, Sirhan Sirhan's love of, 92-93
Lansing, Michigan, RFK security incident in, 161
Lanz, Elwin, 34
Laos, 423
LAPD Crime Lab, 360. See also Los Angeles Police
Department (LAPD)
LAPD Property Division, 357, 358
LAPD Property Report, 353
Lardner, George, 265
Last Investigation, The (Fonzi), 426, 427
Las Vegas, 182, 184, 400
Friars Club case in, 189-191, 194, 204, 208-209, 260, 322, 351
Latin America, Manny Pena in, 405-406, 407, 409
Latin American Task Force, 447
Laurel, Maryland, 400
Lawrence, David, 30, 45, 105-106
Lead bullets, 367
League of Nations, British mandate of Palestine and, 83
LeBeau, Albert, 115-116
Lee, Harry, 215
Lee, William, 53, 65, 357
Legal Aspects of Hypnosis (Bryan), 386-387
Lewis, Jerry, 414
Lewis, John, 16
Lie detectors. See Polygraph testing
Life magazine, 212
Lillenas, Haldor, 85
Lindsay, John, 161
Littlefield, Wilbur, 188
Lockheed, 312, 330
Thane Cesar fired by, 334
Lock, Stock 'n Barrel gun shop, Sirhan Sirhan's
ammunition purchase at, 109-110
Long Beach, 133-134
Look magazine, 159
Lopez, Ed, 443-447, 458, 459
Los Angeles, 107
RFK documentary televised in, 104
RFK pro-Israel speech in, 105-106
Robert Kennedy in, 7-8, 8-10
Los Angeles County Grand Jury. See Grand jury
Los Angeles County Jail, Sirhan Sirhan in, 188
Los Angeles County Municipal Court, Sirhan Sirhan
arraigned in, 186
Los Angeles Fire Department, 127. 175
Los Angeles Free Press, 327, 329, 352, 353, 360
Los Angeles Herald Examiner, 70
Los Angeles Hilton, 417
Los Angeles Mob, 191, 192, 195
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD), 192, 205, 206, 207, 222, 223, 259, 281, 343, 351-352, 359, 365, 368, 374, 375, 376-377, 363, 382, 431, 476-477, 481, 482. See
also LAPD entries
at Ambassador Hotel, 10
APB for girl in the polka-dot dress, 125-126, 131, 143
assassination investigation by, 174. 182
ballistics investigation and autopsy by, 51-82
behavioral science research program of, 400, 40 I
debunking of second-gun theories by, 370
Don Schulman interviewed by, 320-321
on girl in polka-dot dress, 116, 117, 118, 125, 127-128, 130-131, 155-156, 157-158
interviews of Fred Dutton and William Barry, 169-171
interview with Sandra Serrano, 120, 126
John Ambrose and, 122-123
links to CIA, 404, 406, 409-410, 412-413, 415, 419, 421-422
polygraph report filed with, 143, 144
in RFK assassination scenario, 21-25
RFK security and, 162-165
Sandra Serrano interviewed by, 125, 126-129
Sandra Serrano on, 146-147, 147-148
search of Sirhan Sirhan's car by, 46-47
Sirhan Sirhan ammunition purchase and, 110
Sirhan Sirhan in custody of, 290-291
Sirhan Sirhan interrogation by, 28-31, 33-40, 42-43
Sirhan Sirhan's family and, 41, 43-45, 46
at Sirhan Sirhan's trial, 265
Ted Charach and, 322, 327, 329, 330, 331
Thane Cesar interviewed by, 313-317, 340
trial report of, 293. 294
Vincent Di Pierro interviewed by, 123, 127
Los Angeles Times, 77-78, 110, 110, 164, 205, 212, 218, 263, 351, 362, 364, 370, 398, 412
Sandra Serrano interviewed by, 126
Sirhan Sirhan's picture in, 125
Lowenstein, Allard, 336, 362-363, 364, 370, 371
Lubic, Richard, 63, 70, 336, 347
testimony by, 77
trial testimony of, 293-294
Lynch, Cecil, 128, 129
Lynch, Grayston, 454-455
Lynch, Thomas, 45

Macarthur, James, 377
MacDonell, Herbert, 361-362, 364, 368
Maddox, Arthur, 178
Mafia, 344
Maheu, Robert, 423-424
Malibu. See also Santa Monica
John Fahey with girl in polka-dot dress in, 119-120
Robert Kennedy in, 7-8
"Manchurian Candidate," Sirhan Sirhan as, 295, 380-403, 425-452
Mallchurian Calldidate, The (Condon), 380, 386, 403
Mangan, Rose Lynn, 64, 377-378, 418, 421, 422
Man in gold sweater, 10, 21, 32-33, 120, 129-130, 130-131, 132, 145, 183-184
Mankiewicz, Frank, 32, 47, 133, 165
Manson, Charles, 371
Marchetti, Victor, 404
Marchman, Eara, 342
Marcus, Eric, 188, 203, 204, 294
Marks, William, 108-109
Marooney, James, 171
Marshall, Burke, 190
Marshall, John, 315
Marston, William, invention of polygraph by, 136
Marx, Karl, 237
Marx, Zeppo, 189
McBroom, Marcus, 177
McCarthy, Eugene, 5, 8, 220, 335, 363
McClintock, Michael, 412
McCowan, Michael, 205, 206-211, 213, 223, 257, 260, 261, 263, 271, 279, 304, 307, 322, 335, 415, 417-422
as Sirhan Sirhan defense attorney, 192-194, 195, 196-201, 202
on verdict, 305
McDonald, Hugh, 18, 177
McDonald's, 312
McGann, Sergeant, 52-53
McGee, Frank, 387-389
McKinley, William, assassination of, 197-198
McKissack, Luke, 191, 306, 361, 417, 488
McNamara, Robert, 50
Meier, John, 423-424
Melanson, Philip, 29, 69, 77, 343, 400, 403, 404, 425
Melendres, Adolph, 34, 35, 36, 292
Mental illness, hypnosis and, 386
Mental Projection -- You Can Project Things Metaphysically
Right into Being (Norvill), 44
Meo army, 423
Merritt, Jack J., 133, 177, 178, 316, 324-325, 326, 338, 347
interview with, 182-185
Metaphysics, Sirhan Sirhan as student of, 89, 93-94
Mexican Americans
in RFK assassination scenario, 21, 24, 32-33
Robert Kennedy and, 8, 12, 13-17, 21
Mexico, 437
Meyer, Cord, 404
Miami, Florida, 440, 455-456
Miami Beach, 411
Miami Herald, 455
Michigan State University, 364
Michon, Chris, 431-432
Middle East, 83, 94-95, 105-106, 200, 236, 284, 286, 295, 304, 311
Sirhan Sirhan's views of, 88, 94-97
Miller, Milton, 91
Minasian, Eddie, 61, 70, 79, 167, 172, \73, 181
testimony by, 73, 266
Miner, John, 60, 400-401
Mini-Mags. See Bullets
Minneapolis, 365, 432
Minnesota, 427
Miracle March for Israel, 219
Mistri, Gaymoard, 7, 40, 204, 218, 220
Mitrione, Dan, 406, 413-414, 437
MKULTRA program, 395-398, 402
Moldea, Dan, 325, 326, 330, 344, 354, 372, 377, 417-418, 480, 482, 484, 487
Thane Cesar and, 345-346
Thane Cesar interviewed by, 341-342
Money, Sirhan Sirhan and, 46
Monterey Park, 411-412
Montevideo, Uruguay, CIA in, 413-414
Montreal Gazette, 475
Morales, David Sanchez "Didi, " 414, 423, 425-430, 447-452, 454-457, 460, 461-467, 474, 482
at Ambassador Hotel, 431-439
Morales, Frank, 466
Morales, Rita, 461, 462, 463-464
Morales, Sandra, 461-465, 467
Morgan, Ed, 190
Morley, Jefferson, 441, 447, 453, 458, 467
Morrow, Dion, 365
Morton, Charles, 365
Most, Vernon, 214
Multiple personalities, via hypnosis, 396-397
Murphy, Fred "Pat," 20, 165-166, 176, 177, 178, 179, 292, 315, 325
Murphy, George, 34, 35, 36-37
Murray, Jim, 398
Muskie, Edmund, 339
Muslims, Sirhan family as, 86
Muzzey, David Saville, 197
Mysticism, Sirhan Sirhan and, 288-289, 295-296. See also
Rosicrucians

Nakhleh, Issa, 284, 304
NASA, Hank Hernandez with, 411-412
Nash's Department Store, 214
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 200, 236
Nazi Germany, 84, 97
NBC, 431-432
documentary on hypnosis by, 387-389
FBI interview of, 171
interview with Sandra Serrano, 120, 126, 127, 322
interview with Sirhan Sirhan, 112-113
post-trial interview with Sirhan Sirhan, 307-311
RFK security and, 161-162
Neal, Carol, 86
Nebel, John, 401
Nelson, Floyd, 352
Neuropsychiatric Institute (UCLA), 402
Neutron-activation analysis (NAA), 80, 360, 362, 363
New City (Jerusalem), Sirhan Sirhan in, 84
New Orleans, 442-443
News media
coverage of RFK assassination by, 15-16, 17, 19-20, 26, 27-28, 32-33, 41, 45, 47, 48, 49-50, 71, 110, 112-113
on girl in polka-dot dress, 133-134, 143
Sandra Serrano interview on, 123, 144, 146, 322
on U.S. support for Israel, 107, 110
Newsweek, 161
New York, RFK as senator from, 159
Nielsen, Bjorn, 387
Nixon, Richard Milhous, 201, 207, 414
1968 election won by, 208
Nogales, Mexico, 437
Noguchi, Thomas T., 67, 72, 80, 82, 205, 259, 277, 327, 357, 359, 360, 362, 366, 368, 371, 373, 377, 480
autopsy findings of, 55-56
autopsy report by, 378
ballistics reexamination by, 61-62, 64-66, 67, 349
as a grand jury witness, 59-60
scandal involving, 349-350, 351
trial testimony of, 279-280
North Vietnam, 106
Notebooks
as evidence at trial, 280, 285, 287, 289
of Sirhan Sirhan, 94-97, 103, 104-105, 230, 236-238, 238-239, 239-240, 240--241, 251, 252-256, 256-257, 264, 297, 301, 309, 399, 402
Now It Call Be Told, 344, 410
Noyes, Pete, 419, 420

Ober, Richard, 404
O'Donnell, Kenny, 8
Office of Naval Intelligence, 355
Office of Public Safety (OPS), 412-413, 414, 429, 482
Office of Specia! Warfare, 428
Old City (Jerusalem)
Sirhan Sirhan born in, 83
Sirhan Sirhan in, 84, 285
Onassis, Aristotle, 415
Operation Chaos, 404
Operation Phoenix, 413
Operation Tinker Toy, 331
Oppenheimer, Gilda Dean ("Gilderdine"), 119, 154
Orange County crime lab, 358
Oregon, 105, 160, 163
Kennedy primary election defeat in, 5
RFK pro-Israel speech in, 104, 106
Organic Pasadena health food store, Sirhan Sirhan
employed by, 97-99, 100-101
Orne, Martin, 402
Ortiz, Jean, 192, 194
O'Steen, Paul, 316, 321, 330, 339
Osterkamp, Peggy, 89-90, 236, 283-284
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 187, 190, 430, 442-443, 447
as hypnotized, 397
Oswald, Marguerite C, 193
Otero, Alejandro, 414
Ottoman Empire, 83
Owens, Frank, 473, 474

Pacific Coast Highway, John Fahey with girl in polka-dot
dress on, 119-120
Pack, Dean, 117-118
Palestine, 199, 232, 208, 235, 284, 285, 291, 306
elimination of, 85
Sirhan Sirhan and, 45, 46
Sirhan Sirhan born in, 83, 84
Sirhan Sirhan's life in, 263-265
unrest in, 84
Panorama City, 131
Paranoid schizophrenia
Bernard Diamond on, 229, 258, 295-297, 392
Sirhan Sirhan diagnosed with, 302, 383
Parker Center, 53, 406
polygraph testing at, 137, 153
Sirhan Sirhan interrogation at, 34-40, 43, 47-49
Park, James, 384
Parole, for Sirhan Sirhan, 363
Parsons, Russell
closing arguments of, 299
as Sirhan Sirhan defense attorney, 191-193
Sirhan Sirhan's trial and, 259
Parsons, Russell, 195, 196-197, 198, 200, 201, 202, 205, 208, 209, 227, 261, 263, 279, 292, 300, 304, 307
Pasadena, 99, 102, 116, 202, 214, 220, 285, 299, 382
Sirhan family emigration to, 85-86
Sirhan family home in, 43-44
Sirhan Sirhan in, 6-7, 91, 92
Pasadena City College (PCC), 218, 289
Ayda Sirhan enrolled at, 85
Sirhan Sirhan enrolled at, 7, 87-88, 92
Pasadena Independent Star News, on RFK and Israel, 106-107
Pasadena Police Department, 278, 197
Pasadena Sanitation Department, 272
Pasadena School District, 282
Patchett, Frank, 34, 35, 261, 292, 338
Patrusky, Martin, 62, 63, 79, 175, 225, 271, 374
in Embassy Ballroom, 123-124
testimony by, 73-74
Pearson. Drew, 190
Pease, Lisa, 423
Pena, Manuel "Manny," 125, 136, 137, 158, 152, 405-410, 412
Bay of Pigs invasion and, 429
credentials of, 405
on polygraph examination of Sandra Serrano, 135
on polygraph testing, 135-137, 144
People's Park, 164
Pepper, William, 491, 492
Perez, Jesus, 61, 62, 63, 79, 124, 175, 225
Perez, Thomas, 17, 170, 178
Perkins, Jack, 112, 187
post-trial interview with Sirhan Sirhan, 307-311
Peters, Henry, 98, 400
Pharaohs, hypnocourier system of, 393
Philippines, 341, 345
Phillips, David, 442, 460-461
Phillips, Floyd, 131
Philosophical Research Society, 40 I
Philosophy, Sirhan Sirhan as student of, 89
Phoenix, Arizona, 434, 436, 437
Photomicrographs, 59
of bullets, 366
Pickard, Robert, 376
Pierce Junior College, 318
Pinker, Ray, 358
Pitchess, Peter, 81, 125-126
Placencia, Arthur, 23, 25, 28
trial testimony of, 272-273
Playboy magazine, 399
Plimpton, Freddy, testimony by, 76-77
Plimpton, George, 15, 18, 20, 381
Polgar, Tom, 459, 460
Police. See also Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD)
Munir Sirhan's contacts with, 99-100
Sirhan Sirhan's first contact with, 87
Police Board of Inquiry, 359-360
Politics, Sirhan Sirhan's views of, 87-88, 94-97, 107, 204
Pollack, Seymour, 211, 294, 300, 301, 382
meetings with Sirhan Sirhan, 241-256
Sirhan Sirhan interviewed by, 219-220
trial testimony of, 298
Polygraph testing, 135-158, 230
concerning sightings of girl in polka-dot dress, 135-158
described, 135-136
of John Fahey, 153-155
of Sandra Serrano, 135, 136-143, 144-148
of Thane Cesar, 344-345, 346, 348
of Vincent Di Pierro, 136, 148-152
Pomona, RFK luncheon in, 115
Poore, Dale, 374-375
Portland, Oregon, RFK pro-Israel speech in, 104, 106
Posner, Gerald, 447
Powers, Francis Gary, 209
Powers, John, 33, 131, 143, 157, 158
President, Sirhan Sirhan's plots against, 96
Price, William, 99
Programmers, of Sirhan Sirhan, 391-393, 401, 403
Project Bluebird, 394-395
Property Report, 353
Providence Evening Bulletin, 397
Prudhomme, Jeanette, 132
on girl in polka-dot dress, 152-153
Pruszynski, Stanislaw "Stas," 475-476
P.S. A Memoir (Salinger), 422-423
Psychological examinations, of Sirhan Sirhan, 198- J 99, 199-201, 201-202, 202-205, 208, 209-210, 211-212, 227-258, 294-297
Putnam, George, 95, 96

Quakers, as Sirhan family sponsor, 85
Quinn, Charles, 161-162

Raaegep, Elizabeth, 214
Rabago, Enrique, 221, 293
Ambassador Hotel layout and, 167
Rabern, David, 434-436, 440-441
Raciti, Frank, 328
Rafferty, Kathleen, 220
Rafferty, Max, 8, 220
Rafferty party, 220, 221
Ambassador Hotel layout and, 167
Ramallah, 85
Rampart Station, 51, 52, 129, 131, 158, 272, 340, 415
Sirhan Sirhan interrogation at, 21-25, 28-29, 29-31, 33-34, 45
Thane Cesar interviewed at, 313-317
Rathke, Thomas, 88, 89, 92, 383
Ray, James Earl, 50, 400
Reagan, Ronald W., 341
Reddin, Thomas, 39, 59, 81, 165, 405, 407
Reiser, Martin, 401
Reiter, Paul J., 387
Religion, hypnosis and, 399, 400-401
Religious convictions, Sirhan Sirhan's concept of, 37
"R.F.K. Must Die!" (Kaiser), 353-354
Rhodes, Nina, 171, 343
Richardson, Orville, 294
Richfield Service Station, 213
Rifling, 56, 369-370
Rifling angle, 355
Robbie's Restaurant, RFK luncheon at, 115
Robert F. Kennedy Assassination, The (Melanson), 403
Roberts, Clete, 320
Roberts, Greg, 400
Rodriguez, Felix, 457
Rogers, Warren, 20, 25, 159
Rolon, Raymond, 377
Roman, Michael D., 470-471, 472-474
Romero, Juan, 16-17, 62, 70, 79, 124, 165, 315
testimony by, 71, 72, 266-267
Rosen, Rick, 173
Rosicrucian Digest, 100, 241
on writing goals down, 102-103
Rosicrucians, 209, 219, 220, 241, 255, 288, 295, 296, 383.
See also Ancient Mystical Order of the Rosy Cross
(AMORC); Mysticism
girl with polka-dot dress and, 134
Sirhan Sirhan and, 45, 88, 89, 90, 93-94, 100, 101, 102-103, 107, 108
Rosselli, Johnny, 189-190, 351, 423
Rostow, Walt, 190
Royer, Judy, 10, 173, 175, 177, 224-225, 271
Rozzi, Robert, 352, 372, 373
Rubin, Barbara, 225
Ruby, Jack, as hypnotized, 397
Russia, 209. See also Soviet Union
hypnosis experiments in, 394

Saccoman, Michael, 215-216
Salinger, Pierre, 6, 165, 171, 175, 422-423
San Diego, 199, 200, 201, 213
California primary election and, 6
San Francisco, William Barry in, 159-160
San Gabriel, Sirhan Sirhan's ammunition purchase in, 109-110
San Gabriel Valley Gun Range, Sirhan Sirhan's target practice
at, 7, 101-102, 215-217, 289-290
San Jose, 134
San Marino, 411
San Pedro, 339
San Quentin, 306, 307, 311, 353, 383-385, 489
Santa Anita Race Track
Sirhan Sirhan employed at, 88
Sirhan Sirhan gambling at, 98, 101
Santa Clara County Crime Lab, 365
Santa Monica, Robert Kennedy in, 6. See also Malibu
Scherrer, Jean M., 51, 52, 166, 421, 422
Schizophrenia
Bernard Diamond on, 229, 258, 295-297, 392
Sirhan Sirhan diagnosed with, 302, 383
Schmidt, Dr., 383
Schneid, William, 115
Schorr, Martin, 201, 208, 292, 294
Schrade, Paul, 14, 17, 54, 57, 59, 67, 68, 69, 70, 75, 80, 267, 284-285, 333, 356, 363, 364, 368, 370, 372, 406, 480, 492
testimony by, 74
Schulman, Don, 27, 28, 206, 325, 327, 328-329, 330, 347, 359, 363, 419
assassination eyewitnessed by, 317-321, 327, 328-329, 331-333, 336-341
DA office interview with, 331-334
interviewed by Tom Kranz, 336-341
Ted Charach and, 322-323
Schulte, Valerie, 63, 177, 269
as girl in polka-dot dress, 155-156, 339
testimony by, 76, 270-271
Scientific Investigation Division, LAPD, ballistics investigation
by, 53-55, 59-{;0, 60-{;6, 372
Second gun, 312-348, 352, 376, 480-482
attempted debunking of, 370
ballistics evidence for, 355-357, 357-362, 364-379
sale, theft, and recovery of, 331
theories concerning, 63, 64, 70-82
Second Gun, The (Charach), 324, 363
Golden Globe Award for, 336
Secret Service, 421
assassination-attempts archive of, 199
protection of political candidates by, 159
Sandra Serrano interviewed by, 125
Security, at Ambassador Hotel, 159-185
Senate Rackets Committee, 192
Serrano, Sandra, 10, 21, 32-33, 135, 151, 157, 184, 206, 269, 322, 410, 411, 413, 438
Ambassador Hotel layout and, 167
on girl in polka-dot dress, 120-123, 125, 126-128, 128-129, 130, 132
polygraph examination of, 135, 136-143, 144-148
in polygraph examination of Vincent Di Pierro, 148-149, 150
present circumstances of, 145-146, 147-148
Seventh-day Adventists, 98
Sforza, Tony, 437
Shackley, Ted, 428, 429, 440, 449, 450
Sharaga, Paul, 10, 22, 24, 33, 130-131, 156-158, 363, 352
Bernsteins interviewed by, 129-130
Sheehan, Joseph, 116
Shell casings, 53-54
Sheridan, Walter, 161
Shibley, George, 306
Shirley, John, 352
Sica brothers, 19\
Sillings, Robert, 10, 158
Silvers, Phil, 189, 194
Simi Valley, 346
Simson, Eduard, 383-385
Sinatra, Frank, 380, 414
Sirhan, Adel, 40-41, 43, 44, 109, 197, 203, 235, 277, 284, 304, 422
in family emigration to United States, 85
trial testimony of, 284-285
Sirhan, Ayda, 85, 88
in family emigration to United States, 85
Sirhan, Bishara, 83, 86, 235
in family emigration to United States, 85
return to Jordan, 86
Sirhan, Mary, 43, 44, 46, 83, 85, 85, 97, 110, 193, 199, 212, 213, 234-235, 235-236, 263, 284, 292, 297, 327, 417
in family emigration to United States, 85
Sirhan Sirhan and money and, 108
in Sirhan Sirhan's first police contact, 87
trial testimony of, 284-285
Sirhan, Munir, 285
death of, 84
Sirhan, Munir "Joe," 40-41, 84, 85, 86, 109, 214, 235, 236, 303, 486, 489, 490, 493
birth of, 84
childhood of, 86
in family emigration to United States, 85
police contacts with, 99-100
in Sirhan Sirhan's gun purchase, 98-99, 100
Sirhan, Saidallah, 85, 86, 99, 109
in family emigration to United States, 85, 86
Sirhan, Sharif, 85, 86, 92, 109
in family emigration to United States, 85, 86
Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 5, 6, 83-113, 117
at Ambassador Hotel, 8-9, 10, 11-12
Ambassador Hotel layout and, 167
in Arab- Israeli War of 1948, 85
appeal of, 306
arraignment of, 39-40, 186
Bible lessons for, 98
birth of, 83, 84
capture of, 19-20, 22-25
car belonging to, 217
character of, 49
childhood of, 84-85, 85-86, 263-265, 282, 285, 295, 408
CIA and, 404-424, 425-452, 453-474
confession of, 187
Dan Moldea prison interview with, 345
defense team for, 186-212
disability insurance claim of, 91-92, 97, 102
early jobs held by, 87-91
education of, 85-86, 86-87, 87-88
EEG for, 202-205
eye injury of, 90-91, 92
in family emigration to United States, 85-86
family residence of, 43-44, 46
first contact with police, 87
first in-person look at RFK by, 110-113, 230
girl in polka-dot dress and, 114-116, 120, 129-130, 130-131, 132, 133
gun and ammunition purchases by, 99-100, 101-102, 109-110
as highly hypnotizable, 386. 389-391
horse racing and, 87, 88-91, 101
IQ of, 282, 283, 285, 383
labor claim filed by, 101
in LAPD interviews of Fred Dutton and William Barry, 169-170
last interviews of, 487-488
later employment record of, 91-92, 97-99, 100-101
as linguist, 92-93
location and stance during assassination, 51-82
as "Manchurian Candidate," 295, 380-403, 425-452
medical examination of, 42-43, 47-49
memory loss of, 186-187, 200, 202, 210-211, 213-226
mental state of, 198-199, 199-201, 201-202, 202-205, 208, 209-210, 211-212, 227-258, 294-297, 299-301
Michael McCowan interview of, 418
motivation of, 385
mug shots of, 41
murder indictment against, 188
notes about RFK by, 102-108
"not guilty" plea of, 196
opposite sex and, 86, 87-88, 89-90, 216, 234, 236, 283-284
parole for, 363
parole hearings of, 488-491
personality change of, 92-94, 94-97, 107
personal notebooks of, 94-97, 103, 104-105, 204, 210, 230, 236-238, 238-239, 239-240, 240-241, 251, 252-256, 256-257, 264, 297, 301, 309, 399, 402
physical description of, 6-7
plea change attempt by, 282-284
police interrogation of, 28-31, 33-40
polygraph tests concerning, 135-158
probable misidentification of, 108-109
in RFK assassination reinvestigation, 349-379
in RFK assassination scenario, 5-19
on Robert Kaiser's book, 353-354
as Rosicrucian, 88, 89, 90, 93-94, 100, 101, 102-103, 107, 108
route of RFK through hotel and 171, 175, 183, 299
Sandra Serrano and, 120-123
second-gun theories and, 313-317, 322-329, 332, 333, 336-341, 342, 346-348
sentencing of, 306
signature of, 215
target practice by, 100, 101-102, 108-110
trancelike state of, 380-386, 391-393, 398-399
trial of, 259-281, 282-311
trial testimony of, 284-292
in true picture of RFK assassination, 475-493
Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara (cant.)
Vincent Di Pierro and, 123-124
yearbook photo of, 89
Zionism and, 45, 46, 83-84, 92-93, 105
Sirhan family, 29, 40-41, 43-45, 46, 83, 84, 207, 408
Six, Bob, 422-423
Six-Day War, 198, 219. See also Arab-Israeli War of 1967
Sirhan Sirhan and, 45, 46, 83, 97
Sloan, Laurence, 108, 278
Smith, Steve, 11
Smith, Wayne, 447-448
Snyder, Lemoyne, 358
Sodium amytal, 230
South Dakota, primary election in, 7, 9
South Vietnam, 413
Soviet Union. See also Russia
hypnosis experiments in, 394
Israel and, 105-106
on RFK assassination, 47
Spangenburger, Phil, 477-478
Spangler, Tom, 312, 334-335
Special Unit Senator (Houghton), 157, 354
Special Unit Senator (SUS), 59, 81, 195, 207, 324, 338, 354, 406, 410, 431. See also Hernandez, Enrique "Hank";
Pena, Manuel "Manny"
formation of, 408
polygraph testing by, 135, 136, 137, 156-157
termination of, 202
Spiegel, Herbert, 385-386, 387-394, 399, 40 1, 402, 492
Sportsman's Club, 405
St. Charles, Richard, 382
St. Patrick's Cathedral, Robert Kennedy in state at, 50
Stainbrook, Edward, 188
Stan's Drive-In, 111
Starr, Harry, 108, 109
State Department, 250, 407, 408, 409
State Horse Racing Board, 88
Stewart, Daniel, 421, 422
Stitzel, George, 304-305
Stone, Greg, 375
Stone, Oliver, 447
Stoner, George, 416
Story of Robert Kennedy, The, 103-104
Stowers, Albert, 177, 178, 184, 338
Straits of Tiran, 94
Strathman, John, 92-93
Striation marks, 56, 59
Stroll, Irwin, 54, 56, 59, 60, 68, 69, 80, 319, 368
Stuart, Donald A., 350-351
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 102
Student unrest, 404
Robert Kennedy and, 6
Sullivan, Special Agent, 41, 43, 44
Summers, Anthony, 424
Sunset Room, girl in polka-dot dress in, 132

Talbot, David, 457-461, 465
Tashma, Albert, 92
Technical Services Division (TSD) of CIA, 395, 413, 414
Teeter, Larry, 199, 416, 421, 422, 491
Television, California primary election coverage on, 9, 11-12
Temple Isaiah, RFK pro-Israel speech at, 105-106
Temple Neveh Shalom, RFK pro-Israel speech at, 104, 106
Terrorism
AI Fatah, 102
in Palestine, 84
Zionist, 84
Tew, Walter, 375
Thompson, Officer, 117
Thought transference experiments, 94
Timanson, Uno, 23, 167, 170-171, 172-173, 174
Time magazine, 212, 416
Torture, 412-413, 414
Transformation of Modem Europe, The, 198
Trapp, Sid, 331, 339
Treasury Department, 419, 420
Trial, of Sirhan Sirhan, 259-281, 282-311
Tribune Company, 412
Truman, Harry, 200, 287
Truth serum, 230
Tupamaro guerrillas, 406, 414, 437
Turner, Ralph, 364, 365
Turner, Stansfield, 398
Turner, William, 389, 399, 401
Twyman, Noel, 426, 427

Uecker, Karl, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 61, 62, 69, 70, 76, 79, 80, 168, 169, 172, 173, 176, 181, 267-268, 274, 313, 314, 315, 327, 336, 347, 377, 381, 478, 480
testimony by, 71-73, 74
trial testimony of, 266
Uniform Room, 165
United Auto Workers, Robert Kennedy and, 12
United Nations Resolution of 1948, 285
United States. See also American entries
Sirhan family emigration to, 85-86
Sirhan Sirhan's attitude toward, 45, 286-287
support for Israel by, 106, 107, 110, 113
University of California, 164
Unruh, Jesse, 20, 23, 24-25, 225, 272-273, 329, 364
Urso, Lisa, 63-64, 79, 343, 347
testimony by, 77
Uruguay, 437
CIA in, 413-414
Manny Pena in, 406

Vaccaro, Jerry, 422
Valley College, RFK speech at, 162-163
Van Nuys, 408
Vanocur, Sander, 9, 32-33, 144
Sandra Serrano interviewed by, 123, 144, 146, 322
Van Praag, Phil, 475, 476, 477-478, 479
Vaughn, Robert, 362
Venetian Room, 220, 221-222
Venezuela, Hank Hernandez in, 410-411, 413
Verdict, in Sirhan Sirhan's trial, 304
Viazenko, John, 328
Vice President, Sirhan Sirhan's plots against, 96
Victims, assassination-associated, 53
Vientiane, Laos, 423
Vietnam, 308
Vietnam War, 106, 413, 422-423
California primary election and, 5-6, 12
Virginia Bureau of Forensic Sciences, 365
Vogel, Kenneth, 377
von Koss, Xavier, 400

Walinsky, Adam, 9
Walker, Herbert V., 204, 205, 208, 260, 261, 262-263, 277, 278, 279, 282-284, 352
Wallace, George, 207, 324, 340, 400
Waloos Glades Hunting Camp, 430
Walton, Florene, 426, 436, 439
Walton, Robert, 426, 427, 436, 438, 439
Ward, Baxter, 361-362, 378
Warren Commission Report, 138, 187
Warren, Earl, 187
War That Never Was, The (Ayers), 427, 429
Washington, D.C., 385, 407, 428, 429, 447
Washington Evening Star, 315
Washington Hilton, 322
Washington Post, 132, 160, 265, 441
Watergate, 337
Watkins, J. G., 387
Watts riots, 341
Wayne, Michael, 21, 130
WDSU radio, 442
Weekes, Martin, 349
Weidner, John, 97, 98, 100-10 1, 293
Weisel, William, 15, 54, 57, 59, 68, 275, 355, 356, 356, 361, 367, 368, 370, 371, 481
Welch, Terry, 89, 92
Wells Fargo, 412
Wenke, Robert, 365, 366-367, 373
West, Andrew, 16, 20, 26
Western Union Teletype, 222, 234, 244-245, 381
West, Louis Jolyon, 402
Westminster Presbyterian Nursery School, Mary
Sirhan employed at, 85
Wheeler, Robert, 91
White, Travis, 23, 24, 25, 28
trial testimony of, 273-274
Why? investigative probe, 328
Wiegers, Mary Ann, 132
Wilcox, Desmond, 417
Williams, Claudia, 216
Williams, Jake, 357, 358, 378
Williams, Ronald, 216
Williams, Willie, 422
Williman, Earl, 19, 381
Wilson, Ed, 450-452
Wilson, James, 15-16, 26, 171, 172, 174
Wirin, A. L. "Al," 43, 47-48, 187, 188, 191, 209, 260
Wisconsin, 427
Witcover, Jules, 160
Witnesses
location and stance during assassination, 70-82
testimony about gun, 62-64
Wolfer, DeWayne A., 53, 54-55, 70, 71, 80, 129, 217, 217, 355, 357-360, 362, 365-368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 377, 378-379
ballistics reexamination by, 61-62, 64-66, 66-70
ballistics report by, 58-59
credentials of, 57-58
as a grand jury witness, 56-59
LAPD report of, 58-59
Sirhan Sirhan's trial and, 259
trajectory analysis by, 353
trial testimony of, 274-277
World War 11, 97, 385, 387, 401
Manny Pena in, 405
Worthey, Lonny, 222
Wright, Charles, 352, 372, 373

Yardley, Michael, 346-347
Yaro, Boris, 64, 66
testimony by, 78-79
Yoder, Jim, 330, 331
Yorty, Mayor Sam, 43, 45, 401
RFK security and, 162, 163, 165
Younger, Evelle, 81, 261, 262, 351
Young, Officer, 278
Youth for Kennedy, 131

Zionism, 219, 285, 286, 288
Sirhan Sirhan and, 45, 46, 83-84, 92-93, 105
Zodi's discount store, 339
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Re: Who Killed Bobby?: The Unsolved Murder of Robert F. Kenn

Postby admin » Wed Jun 10, 2015 8:52 pm

About the Author

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Shane O'Sullivan is an Irish-born writer and filmmaker living in London. He spent four years reinvestigating this case for his recent film documentary, R.F.K. Must Die, and this book. For more information, go to http://www.rfkmustdie.com.
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