Part 3 of 3
ScienceThe mainstream scientific community dismissed Reich's orgone theory as pseudoscience.[n 10] James Strick, a historian of science at Franklin and Marshall College, wrote in 2015 that the dominant narrative since Reich's death has been that "there is no point in looking more closely at Reich's science because there was no legitimate science from Reich".[198]
From 1960, apparently in response to the book burning, the New York publisher Farrar, Straus and Giroux began republishing his major works.[199] Reichian physicians organized study groups. In 1967 one of his associates, Dr. Elsworth Baker, established the bi-annual Journal of Orgonomy, still published as of 2015, and in 1968 founded the American College of Orgonomy in Princeton, New Jersey.[200] According to Sharaf, contributors to the Journal of Orgonomy who worked in academia often used pseudonyms.[201] The Orgone Biophysical Research Laboratory was founded in 1978 by James DeMeo and the Institute for Orgonomic Science in 1982 by Morton Herskowitz.[202]
There was renewed interest in November 2007, when the Reich archives at the Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine at Harvard University were unsealed; Reich had left instructions that his unpublished papers be stored for 50 years after his death.[203] James Strick began studying Reich's laboratory notebooks from the 1935–1939 bion experiments in Norway.[204]
In 2015 Harvard University Press published Strick's Wilhelm Reich, Biologist, in which he writes that Reich's work in Oslo "represented the cutting edge of light microscopy and time-lapse micro-cinematography".[205] He argues that the dominant narrative of Reich as a pseudoscientist is incorrect and that Reich's story is "much more complex and interesting".[198]Speaking to Christopher Turner in 2011, Reich's son, Peter, said of his father, "He was a nineteenth-century scientist; he wasn't a twentieth-century scientist. He didn't practice science the way scientists do today. He was a nineteenth-century mind who came crashing into twentieth-century America. And boom!"[206]
Works
German
Selected early papers• "Über einen Fall von Durchbruch der Inzestschranke" ("About a Case of Breaching the Incest Taboo"), Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft, VII, 1920
• "Triebbegriffe von Forel bis Jung" ("Forel's Argument Against Jung"), "Der Koitus und die Geschlechter" ("Sexual Intercourse and Gender"), Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft, 1921
• "Über Spezifität der Onanieformen" ("Concerning Specific Forms of Masturbation"), Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, VIII, 1922
• "Zur Triebenergetik" ("The Drive for Power"), Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft, 1923
• "Kindliche Tagträume einer späteren Zwangsneurose" ("Childhood Daydreams of a Later Neurosis"), Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, 1923
• "Über Genitalität" ("About Genitality"), Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, IX, 1923
• "Die Rolle der Genitalität in der Neurosentherapie" ("The Role of Genitality in the Treatment of Neurosis"), Zeitschrif für Ärztliche Psychotherapie (Journal for Medical Psychotherapy), IX, 1923
• "Der Tic als Onanieequivalent" ("The Tic as a Masturbation Equivalent"), Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft, 1924
• "Die therapeutische Bedeutung der Genitallibido" ("The Therapeutic Importance of Genital Libido"), and "Über Genitalität vom Standpunkt der psa. Prognose und Libidotheorie". ("On Genitality from the Standpoint of PENSA. Prognosis and Libido Theory") Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, X, 1924
• "Eine hysterische Psychose in statu nascendi" ("Hysterical Psychosis in Statu Nascendi"), Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, XI, 1925
• Der Sexuelle Kampf der Jugend, Sexpol Verlag, 1932 (pamphlet)
• "Dialektischer Materialismus und Psychoanalyse", Kopenhagen: Verlag für Sexualpolitik, 1934 (pamphlet)
Books/booklets• Der triebhafte Charakter: Eine psychoanalytische Studie zur Pathologie des Ich, Wien: Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, 1925
• Die Funktion des Orgasmus: Zur Psychopathologie und zur Soziologie des Geschlechtslebens, Wien: Internationaler Psychoanalytischer Verlag, 1927
• Sexualerregung und Sexualbefriedigung, Münster Verlag, 1929
• Geschlechtsreife, Enthaltsamkeit, Ehemoral: Eine Kritik der bürgerlichen Sexualreform, 1930
• Der Einbruch der Sexualmoral: Zur Geschichte der sexuellen Ökonomie, Kopenhagen: Verlag für Sexualpolitik, 1932, 2nd edition 1935
• Charakteranalyse: Technik und Grundlagen für studierende und praktizierende Analytiker, Berlin, 1933
• Massenpsychologie des Faschismus, 1933
• Was ist Klassenbewußtsein?: Über die Neuformierung der Arbeiterbewegung, 1934
• Psychischer Kontakt und vegetative Strömung, 1935
• Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf: Zur sozialistischen Umstrukturierung des Menschen, 1936
• Experimentelle Ergebniße Über Die Elektrische Funktion von Sexualität und Angst, 1937
• Menschen im Staat, 1937
• Die Bione: Zur Entstehung des vegetativen Lebens, Sexpol Verlag, 1938
• Die Entdeckung des Orgons Erster Teil: Die Funktion des Orgasmus, 1942
• Rede an den kleinen Mann, 1945
Journals• (ed.) Zeitschrift für Politische Psychologie und Sexualökonomie (Journal for Political Psychology and Sex-Economy), using pseudonym Ernst Parell, 1934–1938
• (ed.) Klinische und Experimentelle Berichte (Clinical and Experimental Report), c. 1937–1939 English
Books
• The Discovery of Orgone, Volume 1: The Function of the Orgasm, 1942 (Die Entdeckung des Orgons Erster Teil: Die Funktion des Orgasmus, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
• Character Analysis, 1945 (Charakteranalyse, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
• The Sexual Revolution, 1945 (Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
• The Mass Psychology of Fascism, 1946 (Massenpsychologie des Faschismus, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
• The Discovery of Orgone, Volume 2: The Cancer Biopathy, 1948
• Listen, Little Man!, 1948 (Rede an den kleinen Mann, translated by Theodore P. Wolfe)
• The Orgone Energy Accumulator, Its Scientific and Medical Use, 1948
• Ether, God and Devil, 1949
• Cosmic Superimposition: Man's Orgonotic Roots in Nature, 1951
• The Invasion of Compulsory Sex-Morality, 1951
• The Oranur Experiment: First Report (1947–1951), 1951
• The Murder of Christ (The Emotional Plague of Mankind), 1953
• People in Trouble (The Emotional Plague of Mankind), 1953 (Menschen im Staat)
• The Einstein Affair, 1953
• Contact with Space: Oranur Second Report, 1951–1956, 1957
Journals• (ed.) International Journal of Sex-Economy & Orgone Research, 1942–1945
• (ed.) Annals of the Orgone Institute, 1947–1949
• (ed.) Orgone Energy Bulletin, 1949–1953
• (ed.) CORE – Cosmic Orgone Engineering, 1954–1955
Posthumous• Selected Writings: An Introduction to Orgonomy, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1960
• Reich Speaks of Freud, Souvenir Press, 1967
• Sexpol. Essays 1929–1934, Random House, 1972
• The Sexual Struggle of Youth, Socialist Reproduction, 1972 (Der Sexuelle Kampf der Jugend)
• Early Writings: Volume One, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1975
• The Bion Experiments: On the Origin of Life, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1979 (Die Bione: Zur Entstehung des vegetativen Lebens)
• Genitality in the Theory and Therapy of Neurosis, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1980
• Record of a Friendship: The Correspondence of Wilhelm Reich and A.S. Neill (1936–1957), 1981
• The Bioelectrical Investigation of Sexuality and Anxiety, 1982
• Children of the Future: On the Prevention of Sexual Pathology, 1983 (the chapter entitled "The Sexual Rights of Youth" is a revision of Der Sexuelle Kampf der Jugend)
• Reich's autobiographical writings in four volumes:
o Mary Boyd Higgins and Chester M. Raphael (eds.), Passion of Youth: An Autobiography, 1897–1922. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1988
o Mary Boyd Higgins (ed.), Beyond Psychology: Letters and Journals 1934–1939, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994
o Mary Boyd Higgins (ed.), American Odyssey: Letters and Journals 1940–1947, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999
o Mary Boyd Higgins (ed.), Where's the Truth?: Letters and Journals, 1948–1957, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012
See also• Media related to Wilhelm Reich at Wikimedia Commons
• Quotations related to Wilhelm Reich at Wikiquote
• Aether (classical element)
• Aether (mythology)
• Élan vital
• Energy (esotericism)
• Luminiferous aether
• Qi
• Vitalism
Sources
Notes1. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, 2008: "Reich, a year and a half younger than Anna Freud, was the youngest instructor at the Training Institute, where his classes on psychoanalytic technique, later presented in a book called Character Analysis, were crucial to his whole group of contemporaries."[3]
Richard Sterba (psychoanalyst), 1982: "This book [Character Analysis] serves even today as an excellent introduction to psychoanalytic technique. In my opinion, Reich's understanding of and technical approach to resistance prepared the way for Anna Freud's Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936)."[4]
Harry Guntrip, 1961: " ... the two important books of the middle 1930s, Character Analysis (1935) by Wilhelm Reich and The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936) by Anna Freud."[5]
2. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2015: "From 1956 to 1960 many of his writings and his equipment were seized and destroyed by FDA officials. In the 21st century some considered this wholesale destruction to be one of the most blatant examples of censorship in U.S. history."[16]
James Strick (historian of science), 2015: "In 1956 and again in 1960, officers of the U.S. government supervised the public burning of the books and scientific instruments of Austrian-born scientist Wilhelm Reich. This was one of the most heinous acts of censorship in U.S. history, as New York publisher Roger Straus was heard to remark many times over decades afterward, explaining why his firm, Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, steadfastly brought all of Reich's published works back into print beginning in 1960."[17]
3. Myron Sharaf, 1994: Sharaf writes about Sandor Rado's diagnosis of an "insidious psychotic process" that Reich's personality and views were seen as "dangerous", that Federn regarded Reich as a "psychopath", and that Annie Reich and Otto Fenichel concurred.[47]
Christopher Turner, 2011: "Paul Federn, who had lobbied to exclude Reich from the executive committee since the late twenties, now went so far as to label him a psychopath who slept with all his female patients. 'Either Reich goes or I go,' he said. [Sandor] Rado, who in 1930 had described Reich as suffering from a 'mild paranoid tendency', now claimed to have observed signs of an 'insidious psychotic process' at that time, and Federn also later maintained he had detected 'incipient schizophrenia' during his analysis of Reich."[48]
4. Freud's letter read: "Dear Dr. Reich, I took plenty of time, but finally I did read the manuscript which you dedicated to me for my anniversary. I find the book valuable, rich in observation and thought. As you know, I am in no way opposed to your attempt to solve the problem of neurasthenia by explaining it on the basis of the absence of genital primacy."[60]
5. Einstein to Reich, 7 February 1941: "I have now investigated your apparatus ... In the beginning I made enough readings without any changes in your arrangements. The box-thermometer showed regularly a temperature of about 0.3-0.4 higher than the one suspended freely."[120]
6. Einstein to Reich, 7 February 1941: "One of my assistants now drew my attention to the fact that in the room ... the temperature on the floor is always lower than the one on the ceiling."[120]
7. Reich to Einstein: "The original arrangement of the apparatus results, under all circumstances, in a temperature difference between the thermometer in the box and the control thermometer, in the absence of any known kind of constant heat source."[123]
8. According to his estate, Reich rejected the idea that the accumulator could provide orgastic potency. He wrote in 1950: "The orgone accumulator, as has been clearly stated in the relevant publications (The Cancer Biopathy, etc.), cannot provide orgastic potency."[136]
9. Bangor's Daily News reported on 24 July 1953: "Dr. Reich and three assistants set up their 'rain-making device off the shore of Grand Lake, near the Bangor hydro-electric dam ... The device, a set of hollow tubes, suspended over a small cylinder, connected by a cable, conducted a 'drawing' operation for about an hour and ten minutes ...
"According to a reliable source in Ellsworth, the following climactic changes took place in that city on the night of July 6 and the early morning of July 7: 'Rain began to fall shortly after ten o'clock Monday evening, first as a drizzle and then by midnight as a gentle, steady rain. Rain continued throughout the night, and a rainfall of 0.24 inches was recorded in Ellsworth the following morning.'
"A puzzled witness to the 'rain-making' process said: 'The queerest looking clouds you ever saw began to form soon after they got the thing rolling.' And later the same witness said the scientists were able to change the course of the wind by manipulation of the device."[147]
10. Kenneth S. Isaacs (psychoanalyst), 1999: "Orgone—a useless fiction with faulty basic premises, thin partial theory, and unsubstantiated application results. It was quickly discredited and cast away."[195]
Henry H. Bauer, 2000: "Reich's personal charisma seems to have misled some number of people into taking his 'science' seriously. His outward behavior was not inconsistent with that of a mainstream scientific investigator. In the light of everyday common sense rather than of deep technical knowledge, his ideas could seem highly defensible. For those who lack familiarity with the real science of matters Reich dealt with, why would orgone be less believable than black holes, a bounded yet infinite universe, or "dark matter" ... ?"[196]
Jon E. Roeckelein (psychologist), 2006: "The current consensus of scientific opinion is that Reich's orgone theory is basically a psychoanalytic system gone awry, and is an approach that represents something most ludicrous and totally dismissible."[197]
Citations1. Danto 2007, p. 43.
2. For radicalism, Sheppard (Time magazine) 1973; Danto 2007, p. 43; Turner 2011, p. 114.
For The Mass Psychology of Fascism and Character Analysis, Sharaf 1994, pp. 163–164, 168; for The Mass Psychology of Fascism, Turner 2011, p. 152; for The Sexual Revolution, Stick 2015, p. 1.
3. Young-Bruehl 2008, p. 157.
4. Sterba 1982, p. 35.
5. Guntrip 1961, p. 105.
6. For Anna Freud: Bugental, Schneider and Pierson 2001, p. 14, and Sterba 1982, p. 35.
For Perls, Lowen and Janov: Sharaf 1994, p. 4
7. Strick 2015, p. 2.
8. Elkind (New York Times) 18 April 1971; Turner 2011, pp. 13–14; Strick 2015, p. 2.
9. Sharaf 1994, p. 66; Danto 2007, p. 83.
10. For Danto's description of Reich, Danto 2007, p. 118.
That he visited patients in their homes, Grossinger 1982, p. 278, and Turner 2011, p. 82.
For the issues he promoted, Turner 2011, p. 114, and Sharaf 1994, pp. 4–5, 347, 481–482.
For orgastic potency and neurosis, Corrington 2003, p. 75; and Turner (New York Times), 23 September 2011.
11. Turner 2011, p. 114.
12. Sharaf 1994, p. 169.
13. Sharaf 1994, pp. 234–235; Danto 2007, p. 120.
14. Sharaf 1994, pp. 301–306; that Reich said God was the spiritual aspect of orgone and the ether the physical, p. 472; Reich, Ether, God and Devil, 1949, pp. 39ff, 50.
15. For the articles, Brady, April 1947; Brady, 26 May 1947. For "fraud of the first magnitude", Sharaf 1994, p. 364.
16. "Wilhelm Reich", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2015; Sharaf 1994, pp. 460–461.
17. Strick 2015, p. 1.
18. Sharaf 1994, p. 477.
19. Sharaf 1994, p. 36.
20. Sharaf 1994, pp. 37.
21. Sharaf 1994, pp. 39, 463; Corrington 2003, pp. 90–91; Reich, Passion of Youth, p. 3.
22. Corrington 2003, pp. 5, 22; Reich, Passion of Youth, pp. 6, 22, 25, 42, 46.
23. Turner 2011, p. 323.
24. Turner 2011, pp. 42–43; Corrington 2003, pp. 6–10; Sharaf 1994, pp. 42–46; Reich, Passion of Youth, pp. 31–38; Reich, "Über einen Fall von Durchbruch der Inzestschranke", Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft, VII, 1920.
25. Sharaf 1994, pp. 47–48; Reich, Passion of Youth, pp. 46–47.
26. Sharaf 1994, pp. 47–48; Turner 2011, pp. 47–48; Reich, Passion of Youth, p. 50.
27. Turner 2011, p. 50; Reich, Passion of Youth, p. 58.
28. Turner 2011, pp. 23–26, 31–32, 34–35.
29. Sharaf 1994, pp. 54–55.
30. Turner 2011, pp. 18–19, 39.
31. Turner 2011, pp. 55–57; Corrington 2003, pp. 23–25; Reich, Passion of Youth, pp. 125–126.
32. Turner 2011, p. 56.
33. Turner 2011, pp. 57–59.
34. Sharaf 1994, pp. 108–109.
35. Strick 2015, p. 1; Turner 2011, p. 59.
36. Sharaf 1994, p. 67.
37. Danto 2007, p. 138.
38. Danto 2007, pp. 2, 90–93, 241; Turner (London Review of Books), 6 October 2005; Danto 1998.
39. Danto 2007, p. 137. For character armour, Yontef and Jacobs 2010, p. 348.
40. Blumenfeld 2006, p. 135.
41. Danto 2007, p. 137.
42. Bocian 2010, p. 205ff.
43. Sharaf 1994, p. 131.
44. Reich, Der triebhafte Charakter, 1925.
45. Danto 2007, p. 125.
46. Sharaf 1994, p. 84.
47. Sharaf 1994, p. 194.
48. Turner 2011, p. 167.
49. Sharaf 1994, p. 73.
50. Sharaf 1994, p. 91; for "Steckenpferd", Danto 2007, p. 138.
51. Strick 2015, p. 11.
52. Reich, Reich Speaks of Freud, p. 24, quoted in Turner 2011, p. 80.
53. Sharaf 1994, pp. 178–179. For Reich's view that psychic health depends on orgastic potency, Reich, The Function of the Orgasm, p. 6.
54. Sharaf 1994, p. 86.
55. Turner 2011, pp. 87–88, 103–108; Corrington 2003, pp. 96–97.
56. Turner 2011, p. 108, quoting Reich, People in Trouble, p. 7.
57. Danto 2007, pp. 118–120, 137, 198, 208; Sharaf 1994, p. 129ff; Turner (Guardian) 2013.
58. Danto 2007, pp. 115–116.
59. Sharaf 1994, pp. 91–92, 100.
60. Sharaf 1994, pp. 100–101.
61. Sharaf 1994, p. 154.
62. "Freud to Lou Andreas-Salomé, May 9, 1928", The International Psycho-analytical Library.
63. Sharaf 1994, pp. 142–143, 249.
64. Lee Baxandall (ed.), Sex-Pol: Essays, 1929-1934, London: Verso.
65. Sharaf 1994, pp. 169–171.
66. Corrington 2003, pp. 133–134.
67. Greenberg and Safran 1990, pp. 20–21.
68. Strick 2015, p. 18.
69. Corrington 2003, p. 90.
70. For Lindenberg, see Karina and Kant 2004, pp. 54–55.
71. Sharaf 1994, p. 170.
72. Turner 2011, pp. 150–154.
73. Turner 2011, pp. 154–155.
74. Danto 2007, p. 270.
75. Turner 2011, p. 158.
76. Corrington 2003, p. 181.
77. Sharaf 1994, pp. 234–235, 241–242.
78. Sharaf 1994, p. 242.
79. Turner 2011, p. 9.
80. Sharaf 1994, pp. 234–235.
81. Sharaf 1994, pp. 238–241, 243; Reich, Function of the Orgasm, p. 5.
82. "she got rid of him"- BBC | The Century of the Self, 2002| There is a Policeman Inside All Our Heads: He Must Be Destroyed | Season 1 Episode 3 - (06m31s)
83. Anna Freud "acknowledged leader" of IPA in 1934 - BBC | The Century of the Self, 2002| There is a Policeman Inside All Our Heads: He Must Be Destroyed | Season 1 Episode 3 - (06m15s)
84. Turner 2011, pp. 166–167.
85. Sharaf 1994, p. 187, citing his own interview with Grete Bibring, 30 May 1971; Turner 2011, p. 167.
86. Turner 2011, p. 172; Søbye 1995, p. 213.
87. Søbye 1995, p. 194; Turner 2011, p. 173.
88. Sharaf 1994, pp. 209–210.
89. Strick 2015, pp. 57–59; Sharaf 1994, pp. 209–210.
90. Strick 2015 p. 65; Turner 2011, pp. 173–175.
91. Turner 2011, pp. 173–175.
92. Sharaf 1994, pp. 228, 230.
93. Strick 2015, p. 10.
94. Sharaf 1994, p. 220ff.
95. Sharaf 1995, p. 223; Reich, Beyond Psychology: Letters and Journals 1934–1939, p. 66.
96. Cordon 2012, p. 412; Reich, The Cancer Biopathy, chapter 2, section 3.
97. Sharaf 1994, pp. 231–232.
98. Brady, April 1947; Brady, 26 May 1947; Turner 2011, p. 272ff.
99. Strick 2015, p. 230.
100. Sharaf 1994, p. 233.
101. Sharaf 1994, p. 228.
102. Sharaf 1994, p. 230.
103. Sharaf 1994, pp. 232–233.
104. Sharaf 1994, pp. 245–246.
105. Sharaf 1994, p. 253–255.
106. Turner 2011, p. 206.
107. Sharaf 1994, pp. 257–259.
108. Corrington 2003, p. 187.
109. Turner 2011, pp. 220–2212.
110. Sharaf 1944, pp. 263–265; Elkind, 18 April 1971.
111. Sharaf 1994, pp. 273–274.
112. Sharaf 1994, pp. 17, 352; Reich, The Function of the Orgasm, pp. 384–385.
113. Turner 2011, pp. 222–223.
114. Sharaf 1994, pp. 302–303.
115. Turner 2011, p. 231.
116. Turner 2011, pp. 230–233.
117. Turner 2011, p. 232; Grossinger 1982, pp. 268ff, 293.
118. Janet L. Cummings and Nicholas A. Cummings (2008). "Holistic and Alternative Medicine as Adjunctive to Psychotherapy". In O'Donohue, William; Cummings, Nicholas A. (eds.). Evidence-Based Adjunctive Treatments. New York: Elsevier. p. 245. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
119. Brian 1996, pp. 325–327.
120. Einstein's letter to Reich, 7 February 1941, in Reich, The Einstein Affair, 1953. For Reich's argument, Sharaf 1994, p. 286.
121. Sharaf 1994, pp. 286–287.
122. Corrington 2003, pp. 188–189.
123. Corrington 2003, p. 189.
124. Turner 2011, pp. 226–230.
125. Turner 2011, pp. 230–231.
126. Sharaf 1994, pp. 271–272; Turner 2011, p. 241.
127. "FBI adds new subjects to electronic reading room", U.S. State Department, 2 March 2000.
128. Turner 2011, p. 240.
129. Turner 2011, pp. 242–243.
130. Sharaf 1994, p. 340.
131. Sharaf 1994, p. 356.
132. Obituary: Eva Renate Reich, MD", Bangor Daily News, 25 September 2008.
133. "Rental cottages", Wilhelm Reich Infant Trust.
134. Brady, 26 May 1947.
135. Turner 2011, p. 274.
136. Reich, Orgone Energy Bulletin, April 1950, 2(2), cited by Kevin Hinchley, letter to the editor, New York Times Book Review, 16 October 2011 (Wilhelm Reich Infant Trust).
137. Sharaf 1994, pp. 360–361.
138. Turner 2011, pp. 281–282.
139. Sharaf 1994, pp. 363–364.
140. Sharaf 1994, pp. 410–413.
141. Turner 2011, pp. 314, 317–319, 321.
142. Turner 2011, pp. 315–316.
143. Turner 2011, pp. 325–326.
144. Turner 2011, pp. 338–339.
145. Turner 2011, pp. 11, 333, 365–367.
146. Sharaf 1994, pp. 379–380; Turner 2011, p. 367.
147. Sharaf, p. 379.
148. Interview of Arthur Dickerman, 28 January 1981, Food and Drug Administration, p. 39.
149. Sharaf 1994, p. 418; "Complaint for injunction", 10 February 1954, USA v. Wilhelm Reich, 1954–1957.
150. "Wilhelm Reich's Response to FDA's Complaint for Injunction", 25 February 1954, USA v. Wilhelm Reich, 1954–1957.
151. Sharaf 1994, p. 458ff; "Decree of Injunction Order", 19 March 1954, USA v. Wilhelm Reich, 1954–1957.
152. Turner 2011, pp. 370–374; for "thin cigar shape with the little windows", p. 376; Reich, Contact with Space: Oranur Second Report, 1951–1956, p. 199.
153. Turner 2011, pp. 370–376.
154. Turner 2011, p. 406.
155. Sharaf 1994, p. 30; Turner 2011, p. 397.
156. Turner 2011, pp. 398–400.
157. Turner 2011, p. 380–381.
158. Turner 2011, pp. 401–408.
159. Sharaf 1994, pp. 458–461.
160. Turner 2011, p. 410.
161. Sharaf 1994, p. 460; "Book Order Appealed; Liberties Unit Asks U.S. Not to Destroy Reich's Writings", The New York Times, 13 July 1956.
162. Sharaf 1994, pp. 419, 460–461.
163. Sharaf 1994, p. 461.
164. Sharaf 1994, p. 458.
165. Turner 2011, p. 417.
166. Sharaf 1994, pp. 465–466.
167. Sharaf 1994, p. 480; Turner 2011, p. 421; "Two Scientists Jailed; Pair Sentenced in Maine in Sale of 'Accumulators'", The New York Times, March 12, 1957.
168. Sharaf 1994, pp. 469–470; Turner 2011, pp. 419–421.
169. Sharaf 1994, p. 476.
170. Turner 2011, pp. 425–426.
171. Sharaf 1994, p. 5; Turner 2011, pp. 398, 427–428.
172. "Milestones, Nov. 18, 1957", Time Magazine, 18 November 1957.
173. Sterba 1982, pp. 34–36.
174. Sharaf 1994, p. 8.
175. Cordon 2012, p. 405.
176. Sharaf 1994, p. 78.
177. Turner 2011, pp. 11, 60, 167–169.
178. Sharaf 1994, pp. 4–5, 347, 481–482.
179. Turner 2011, pp. 430–431.
180. Turner 2011, introduction; also see Turner (Guardian), 8 July 2011; Murphy (Times Literary Supplement), 4 January 2012.
181. Foucault 1978, p. 131.
182. Edwards 1977, p. 43
183. Sharaf 1994, p. 481.
184. Turner 2011, p. 445; Turner (The New York Times), 23 September 2011.
185. "IMDB".
186. "Venicedream".
187. Cooper, Kim (September 26, 2011). "Very Different Tonight: The Contagious Nightmares of Wilhelm Reich". Post45. Yale University. Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
188. Abrahams, Ian (2004), Hawkwind: Sonic Assassins, SAF Publishing Ltd, p. 257, ISBN 9780946719693, retrieved September 11, 2016
189. "Marilyn as Opera", High Fidelity, 33(1-6), 1983.
190. Moy 2007, p. 99.
191. DeMarco and Wiker 2004, p. 231.
192. "Four-Beat Rhythm: The Writings Of Wilhelm Reich", AllMusic.
193. "Orgone chair", marc-newson.com.
194.
http://www.anti-oedipuspress.com/p/soft-invasions.html195. Isaacs 1999, p. 240.
196. Bauer 2000, p. 159.
197. Roeckelein 2006, pp. 517–518.
198. Strick 2015, p. 3.
199. Lehmann-Haupt, 4 January 1971; MacBean 1972; Sharaf 1994, p. 480; Strick 2015, p. 1.
200. Sharaf 1994, pp. 479–482; "The College", American College of Orgonomy; The Journal of Orgonomy, The American College of Orgonomy.
201. Sharaf 1994, p. 482.
202. For DeMeo: Sharaf 1994, pp. 380–381; Cordon 2011, p. 422; and Orgone Biophysical Research Lab, Ashland, Oregon. For Morton Herskowitz: "Institute for Orgonomic Science".
203. Turner 2011, pp. 519–520.
204. Strick 2015, p. 10.
205. Wilhelm Reich, Biologist, Harvard University Press.
206. Turner 2011, p. 376.
Works citedAbrahams, Ian. Hawkwind: Sonic Assassins, SAF Publishing Ltd, 2004.
Bauer, Henry H. (2000). "Wilhelm Reich", in Science or Pseudoscience?, University of Illinois Press.
Blumenfeld, Robert (2006). "Wilhelm Reich and Character Analysis", Tools and Techniques for Character Interpretation. Limelight Editions.
Bocian, Bernd. Fritz Perls in Berlin 1893–1933, Peter Hammer Verlag GmbH, 2010.
Brady, Mildred Edie (April 1947). "The New Cult of Sex and Anarchy", Harper's.
Brady, Mildred Edie (26 May 1947). "The Strange Case of Wilhelm Reich", The New Republic.
Brian, Denis (1996). Einstein: A Life, John Wiley & Sons.
Bugental, James F. T., Schneider, Kirk J. and Pierson, J. Fraser (2001). The Handbook of Humanistic Psychology, Sage.
Cooper, Kim (26 September 2011). "Very Different Tonight: The Contagious Nightmares of Wilhelm Reich", Post45.
Cordon, Luis A. (2012). "Reich, Wilhelm" in Freud's World: An Encyclopedia of His Life and Times, Greenwood, pp. 405–424.
Corrington, Robert S. (2003). Wilhelm Reich: Psychoanalyst and Radical Naturalist, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Danto, Elizabeth Ann (2007). Freud's Free Clinics: Psychoanalysis & Social Justice, 1918–1938, Columbia University Press, first published 2005.
DeMarco, Donald and Wiker, Benjamin D. (2004). "Wilhelm Reich", Architects of the Culture of Death, Ignatius Press.
Edwards, Paul (1977). "The Greatness of Wilhelm Reich", The Humanist, March/April 1974, reprinted in Charles A. Garfield (ed.) (1977). Rediscovery of the Body. A Psychosomatic View of Life and Death, Dell, pp. 41–50.
Elkind, David (18 April 1971). "Wilhelm Reich -- The Psychoanalyst as Revolutionary; Wilhelm Reich", The New York Times.
Encyclopædia Britannica (2012). "Wilhelm Reich".
Foucault, Michel (1978). The History of Sexuality, Volume 1, Vintage Books.
Freud, Sigmund (1928). "Letter from Freud to Lou Andreas-Salomé, May 9, 1928" in Ernest Jones (ed.), The International Psycho-Analytical Library, 89, pp. 174–175.
Greenberg, Leslie S. and Safran, Jeremy D. (1990). Emotion in Psychotherapy, Guilford Press.
Grossinger, Richard (1982). "Wilhelm Reich: From Character Analysis to Cosmic Eros", Planet Medicine: From Stone Age Shamanism to Post-industrial Healing, Taylor & Francis.
Guntrip, Harry (1961). Personality Structure and Human Interaction, Hogarth Press.
Isaacs, Kenneth S. (1999). "Searching for Science in Psychoanalysis", Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 29(3), pp. 235–252.
Karina, Lilina and Kant, Marion (2004). Hitler's Dancers: German Modern Dance And The Third Reich, Berghahn Books.
Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (4 January 1971). "Back Into the Old Orgone Box", The New York Times.
MacBean, James Roy (1972). "Sex and Politics: Wilhelm Reich, World Revolution, and Makavejev's WR", Film Quarterly, 25(3), Spring, pp. 2–13.
Moy, Ron (2007). Kate Bush and Hounds of Love, Ashgate Publishing.
Murphy, James M. (4 January 2012). "The man who started the sexual revolution", The Times Literary Supplement.
Reich, Peter (1973). A Book Of Dreams, Harper & Row.
Reich, Wilhelm (1920). "Über einen Fall von Durchbruch der Inzestschranke", Zeitschrift für Sexualwissenschaft, VII.
Reich, Wilhelm (1942). The Function of the Orgasm.
Reich, Wilhelm (1953). People in Trouble.
Reich, Wilhelm (1957). Contact with Space: Oranur Second Report, 1951–1956.
Reich, Wilhelm (1973). Ether, God and Devil. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Reich, Wilhelm (1974). The Cancer Biopathy. Farrar, Straus and Giroux (first published 1948).
Reich, Wilhelm (1982). The Bioelectrical Investigation of Sexuality and Anxiety.
Reich, Wilhelm (1988). Leidenschaft der Jugend/Passion of Youth. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Reich, Wilhelm (1994). Beyond Psychology: Letters and Journals 1934–1939. Farrar Straus & Giroux.
Reich, Wilhelm (1967). Reich Speaks of Freud. Souvenir Press.
Roeckelein, Jon E. (2006). "Reich's Orgone/Orgonomy Theory", Elsevier's Dictionary of Psychological Theories. Elsevier.
Rubin, Lore Reich (2003). "Wilhelm Reich and Anna Freud: His Expulsion from Psychoanalysis", Int. Forum Psychoanal, 12, pp. 109–117.
Sharaf, Myron (1994). Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich, Da Capo Press; first published by St. Martin's Press, 1983.
Sheppard, R. Z. (14 May 1973) "A family affair", Time magazine.
Sterba, Richard F. (1982). Reminiscences of a Viennese Psychoanalyst, Wayne State University Press.
Søbye, Espen (1995). Rolf Stenersen. En biografi, Forlaget Oktober (in Norwegian).
Strick, James E. (2015). Wilhelm Reich, Biologist, Harvard University Press.
Time magazine (18 November 1957). "Milestones, Nov. 18, 1957" (obituary).
Turner, Christopher (6 October 2005). "Naughty Children", London Review of Books, 27(19).
Turner, Christopher (2011). Adventures in the Orgasmatron, Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Turner, Christopher (8 July 2011). "Wilhelm Reich: the man who invented free love", The Guardian.
Turner, Christopher (23 September 2011). "Adventures in the Orgasmatron", The New York Times.
Yontef, Gary and Jacobs, Lynn (2010). "Gestalt Therapy" in Raymond J. Corsini and Danny Wedding (eds.), Current Psychotherapies, Cengage Learning.
Young-Bruehl, Elisabeth (2008). Anna Freud: A Biography, Yale University Press, first published 1988.
Further reading
External links• "Biography of Wilhelm Reich" and "Last Will & Testament of Wilhelm Reich", Wilhelm Reich Infant Trust.
• "Mikrofilm-Bestand der Staatsbibliotheken in Berlin, München und Bremen aus dem Nachlaß Wilhelm Reichs", Wilhelm Reich archive on microfilm, from Dr. Eva Reich.
• "Man's Right to Know", documentary on Reich, Wilhelm Reich Infant Trust.
• Recording of Reich speaking, Orgonon, 3 April 1952.
• Dabelstein, Nicolas, and Svoboda, Antonin (2009). Wer Hat Angst vor Wilhelm Reich?("Who's Afraid of Wilhelm Reich?"), documentary, Coop99, Austrian television (IMDb entry).
• Federal Bureau of Investigation. "Dr. Wilhelm Reich" (also see here [1]).
• FBI files about Wilhelm Reich
Einstein experiments• Brian, Denis (1996). Einstein: A Life, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 326–327.
• Clark, Ronald W. (1971). Einstein: The Life and Times, Avon, pp. 689–690.
• Correa, Paul N.; Correa, Alexandra N. (October 2010). "The Reproducible Thermal Anomaly of the Reich-Einstein Experiment under Limit Conditions", Journal of Aetherometric Research, 2(6), pp. 25–31.
• Reich, Wilhelm (ed.) (1953). The Einstein Affair, Orgone Institute Press.
Books about Reich• Baker, Elsworth F. (1967). Man In The Trap. Macmillan.
• Bean, Orson (1971). Me and the Orgone. St. Martin's Press.
• Boadella, David (1971). Wilhelm Reich: The Evolution Of His Work. Henry Regnery.
• Boadella, David (ed.) (1976). In The Wake Of Reich. Coventure.
• Cattier, Michael (1970). The Life and Work of Wilhelm Reich. Horizon Press, 1970.
• Cohen, Ira H. (1982). Ideology and Unconsciousness : Reich, Freud, and Marx. New York University Press.
• Corrington, Robert S. (2003). Wilhelm Reich: Psychoanalyst and Radical Naturalist. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
• Chesser, Eustice (1972). Reich and Sexual Freedom. Vision Press.
• Chesser, Eustice (1973). Salvation Through Sex: The Life and Work of Wilhelm Reich. W. Morrow.
• Dadoun, Roger (1975). Cent Fleurs pour Wilhelm Reich. Payot.
• De Marchi, Luigi (1973). Wilhelm Reich, biographie d'une idée. Fayard.
• Gebauer, Rainer and Müschenich, Stefan (1987). Der Reichische Orgonakkumulator. Frankfurt/Main: Nexus Verlag.
• Greenfield, Jerome (1974). Wilhelm Reich Vs. the U.S.A.. W.W. Norton.
• Herskowitz, Morton (1998). Emotional Armoring: An Introduction to Psychiatric Orgone Therapy. Transactions Press.
• Johler, Birgit (2008). Wilhelm Reich Revisited. Turia & Kant.
• Kavouras, Jorgos (2005). Heilen mit Orgonenergie: Die Medizinische Orgonomie. Turm Verlag.
• Kornbichler, Thomas (2006). Flucht nach Amerika: Emigration der Psychotherapeuten: Richard Huelsenbeck, Wilhelm Reich, Erich Fromm. Kreuz.
• Lassek, Heiko (1997). Orgon-Therapie: Heilen mit der reinen Lebensenergie. Scherz Verlag.
• Mairowitz, D. & Gonzales, G. (1986). Reich For Beginners. Writers & Readers.
• Makavejev, Dusan (1972). WR Mysteries of the Organism. Avon Publishers.
• Mann, Edward (1973). Orgone. Reich And Eros: Wilhelm Reich's Theory Of The Life Energy. Simon & Schuster.
• Mann, Edward & Hoffman, Edward (ed.) (1980). The Man Who Dreamed Of Tomorrow: A Conceptual Biography Of Wilhelm Reich. J.P. Tarcher.
• Martin, Jim (2000). Wilhelm Reich and the Cold War. Flatland Books.
• Meyerowitz, Jacob (1994). Before the Beginning of Time. Rrp Publishers.
• Mulisch, Harry (1973). Het seksuele bolwerk. De Bezige Bij.
• Ollendorff, Ilse. (1969). Wilhelm Reich: A Personal Biography. St. Martin's Press.
• Raknes, Ola (1970). Wilhelm Reich And Orgonomy. St. Martin's Press.
• Reich, Peter (1973). A Book Of Dreams. Harper & Row.
• Ritter, Paul (ed.) (1958). Wilhelm Reich Memorial Volume. Ritter Press.
• Robinson, Paul (1990). The Freudian Left: Wilhelm Reich, Geza Roheim, Herbert Marcuse. Cornell University Press, first published 1969.
• Rycroft, Charles (1971). Reich. Fontana Modern Masters.
• Seelow, David (2005). Radical Modernism and Sexuality : Freud, Reich, D.H. Lawrence and Beyond. Palgrave Macmillan.
• Senf, Bernd (1996). Die Wiederentdeckung des Lebendigen (The Rediscovery of the Living). Zweitausendeins Verlag.
• Sharaf, Myron (1994). Fury on Earth: A Biography of Wilhelm Reich. Da Capo Press; first published by St. Martin's Press, 1983.
• Sinelnikoff, Constantin (1970). L'Oeuvre de Wilhelm Reich. François Maspero.
• Strick, James E. (2015). Wilhelm Reich, Biologist, Harvard University Press.
• Turner, Christopher (2011). Adventures in the Orgasmatron: Wilhelm Reich and the Invention of Sex. HarperCollins.
• Wilson, Robert Anton (1998). Wilhelm Reich in Hell. Aires Press.
• Wilson, Colin (1981). The Quest for Wilhelm Reich. Doubleday.
• Wright, Paki (2002). The All Souls' Waiting Room. 1st Book Library (novel).
• Wyckoff, James (1973). Wilhelm Reich: Life Force Explorer. Fawcett.