AMERICA'S SECRET ESTABLISHMENT -- AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ORD

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America's Secret Establishment: An Introduction to the Order of Skull and Bones
by Antony C. Sutton

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"Some of the biggest men in the U.S. in the fields of commerce and manufacturing know that there is a power so organized, so subtle, so complete, so pervasive that they had better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it."

-- President Woodrow Wilson

CHAPTER VI

[CLEMENT] 'Naturally therefore superstition, having somewhere found a beginning, has become a fountain of senseless wickedness; and afterwards, as it was not checked, but gained increase and rushed on in full flood, it has created a multitude of daemons, sacrificing hecatombs, celebrating public festivals, setting up statues, and building temples, which indeed----for I will not keep silence even on this, but will convict them----were called euphemistically temples, but were in reality tombs, that is to say, tombs which had got the name of temples. But now, I pray you, forget at length your superstition, and be ashamed to worship tombs.

'In the temple of Athena at Larissa in the Acropolis is the tomb of Acrisius, and at Athens in the Acropolis the tomb of Cecrops, as Antiochus says in the ninth book of his Histories. And what of Erichthonius? Is he not buried in the temple of Athena Folias? And Ismarus the son of Eumolpus and Daeira, is he not buried in the precincts of the Eleusinium, which lies under the Acropolis? And the daughters of Celeus, are they not buried at Eleusis?

'Why should I tell you of the women who came from the Hyperboreans? There are two called Hyperoche and Laodice, who are buried in the precinct of Artemis at Delos, which is in the temple of the Delian Apollo.

'Leander says that Cleomachus is buried at Miletus in the Didyrnaeum. Here, if we follow Zeno of Myndus, it would not be right to pass over the monument of Leucophryne, who is buried in the temple of Artemis in Magnesia, nor yet the altar of Apollo in Telmessus, which also, the story says, is the monument of Telmesseus the soothsayer.

'Ptolemy too, the son of Agesarchus, in his first book concerning Philopator says that Cinyras and the descendants of Cinyras are buried in Paphos in the temple of Aphrodite.

'Were I, however, to go over all the tombs which are worshipped by you, "all time would not suffice for me to tell"; [Homer, Od. xx. 351] while you, if no shame for these audacities steals over you, may wander round with your faith in the dead, utterly dead yourselves:

"Ah! wretched men, what evil doom is this?"

A little further on he says:

'Another new god the Roman Emperor has deified with great solemnity in Egypt, and almost in Greece; his favourite Antinous, who was extremely beautiful, was deified by him, as Ganymede was by Zeus.

'For lust, when free from fear, is not easily restrained: and men now celebrate the sacred nights of Antinous, the shame of which was known to the lover who shared his vigils.'

He also adds:

'And now the favourite's tomb is the temple and city of Antinous: for just as temples are held in reverence, so, I suppose, are tombs, pyramids, mausoleums, and labyrinths----other temples these of the dead, as those before mentioned were tombs of the gods.'

And again, a little further on:

'Come then, let us also briefly make the round of your games, and put an end to these great sepulchral festivals, the Isthmian, Nemean, and Pythian, and besides these the Olympian. At Pytho the Pythian dragon is worshipped, and the festival of the serpent is proclaimed as the Pythia. At the Isthmus the sea cast up a miserable carcass, and the Isthmian games are a lamentation for Melicertes: at Nemea another child Archemorus is buried, and the boy's funeral games are called Nemea. Pisa is the tomb in your midst, O Panhellenes, of a Phrygian charioteer, and the Zeus of Phidias claims as his own the Olympian games, which are the funeral libations of Pelops.'

-- Praeparatio Evangelica (Preparation for the Gospel), by Eusebius of Caesarea

Table of Contents

1. An Introduction To The Order
o Author's Preface
o Memorandum Number One: Is there a conspiracy explanation for recent history?
o Memorandum Number Two: The Order, What it is and how it began
o Memorandum Number Three: How much is known about The Order?
o Memorandum Number Four: Who is in this secret society?
o Memorandum Number Five: What organizations has it penetrated?
o Memorandum Number Six: Operations of The Order
o Memorandum Number Seven: How The Order relates to the CFR and Trilaterals
o Memorandum Number Eight: The Chain of Influence: how it works
o Memorandum Number Nine: The Bundy Operation
o Memorandum Number Ten: Keeping the lid on the pot
2. How the Order Controls Education
o Memorandum Number One: It all began at Yale
o Memorandum Number Two: The look-say reading scam
o Memorandum Number Three: The Illuminati Connection
o Memorandum Number Four: The Leipzig Connection
o Memorandum Number Five: The Baltimore Scheme
o Memorandum Number Six: The Troika spreads its wings
o Memorandum Number Seven: The Order's objective for education
o Memorandum Number Eight: Summary
o Memorandum Number Nine: Conclusions and Recommendations
3. How The Order Creates War and Revolution
o Preface
o Memorandum Number One: Created Conflict and the Dialectic Process
o Memorandum Number Two: Operational Vehicles for Conflict Creation
o Memorandum Number Three: Thesis: The Order Creates the Soviet Union
o Memorandum Number Four: Antithesis: Financing the Nazis
o Memorandum Number Five: Angola and China -- the New Dialectic
4. The Secret Cult of The Order
o Memorandum Number One: Introduction to the Cult of The Order
o Memorandum Number Two: Organization of The Order
o Memorandum Number Three: Ritual of The Order
o Memorandum Number Four: Satanic aspects of The Order
o Memorandum Number Five: Is The Order also Illuminati?
5. Reprints of Rare Material on The Order
6. Index

To Whom It May Concern
We come before the college now on Justice's side arrayed,
To claim redress for open wrongs that Vandal hands have made,
To give a college sentiment expression bold and free,
Asserting each man's native right, if such a thing there be.
We represent no clique or clan, but honest men and true,
Who never will submit to that which fifteen men may do,
Who feel the shameful yoke that long has on the college lain,
And who propose to do their best to break that yoke in twain.
We are not "soreheads." God forbid that we should cherish strong
Desires to be identified with principles that long
Have been a blight upon the life and politics of Yale,
Before whose unjust aims the glow of "Boss Tweed's" brass would pale.
We represent the neutral men, whose voices must be heard,
And never can be silenced by a haughty look or word.
Of those whose influence here at Yale would be but void and null
Did they not wear upon their breasts two crossed bones and a skull.
We hold no grudge 'gainst any man, but wish that all may be
United by the common bond of peace and harmony;
Yet, when a few do to themselves most proudly arrogate
The running of affairs, there can be no such happy state.
What right, forsooth, have fifteen men to lord it over all?
What right to say the college world shall on their faces fall
When they approach? Have they, indeed, to "sickly greatness grown,"
And must each one with servile speech them his "superiors" own?
If they have grounds on which they base their claim as just and true,
We challenge them to set them forth exposed to public view,
That all may know the reasons why this oligarchy proud
Elect themselves as lords supreme o'er us, the "vulgar crowd"
We offer no objections to their existing clan --
No one disputes with them this right, we question but the plan
On which they act, -- That only he who wears upon his breast
Their emblem, he for every post shall be considered best.
We wish this understood by all. Let none who read this say
That we are moved by petty wrongs or private spite obey;
It is for principles of right that we with them contend,
For principles which they've ignored, but which we here defend.
O fellow students, who with us revere these classic halls,
O ye across whose pathway bright their sacred glory falls, --
Ye men of every class who feel our Alma Mater's care,
Shall college life beneath these elms this loathsome aspect wear?
Shall none assert the right to act as to each seemeth best,
But cringe and fawn to him who wears a death's head on his breast?
Nay, let all rise and break the spell whose sickly glamour falls
About all that originates within those brown stone walls.
And if they will not hear our claims, or grant the justice due,
But still persist in tarnishing the glory of the blue,
Ruling this little college world with proud, imperious tones,
Be then the watchword of our ranks -- Down, Down With Skull and Bones!

-- Anonymous

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The Author: ANTONY SUTTON was a research Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, from 1968 to 1973. He is a former economics professor at California State University, Los Angeles. He was born in London in 1925 and educated at the universities of London, Gottingen and California.

Authors Preface: America's Secret Establishment

After 16 books and 25 years in basic research I thought I'd heard it all ... the world was a confused mess, probably beyond understanding and certainly beyond salvation -- and there was little I could do about it.

Back in 1968 my Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development was published by the Hoover Institution at Stanford University. In three substantial volumes I detailed how the West had built the Soviet Union. However, the work generated a seemingly insoluble puzzle -- why have we done this? Why did we build the Soviet Union, while we also transferred technology to Hitler's Germany? Why does Washington want to conceal these facts? Why have we boosted Soviet military power? And simultaneously boosted our own?

In subsequent books, the Wall Street series, I added more questions -- but no answers. I had more or less arrived at the conclusion that there was no rational answer that could be proven.

Then a year or so ago I received an eight-inch batch of documents, nothing less than the membership lists of an American secret society. Glancing through the sheets it was more than obvious this was no ordinary group. The names spelled Power, with a capital P. As I probed each individual a pattern emerged, and a formerly fuzzy world became crystal clear.

The book you will read here is a combined version of a series reporting on this research. Each volume builds on the previous volume in a logical step-by-step process.

These volumes will explain why the West built the Soviets and Hitler; why we go to war, to lose; why Wall Street loves Marxists and Nazis; why the kids can't read; why the Churches have become propaganda founts; why historical facts are suppressed, why politicians lie, and a hundred other whys.

This series is infinitely more important than the original Western Technology series on technological transfers. If I have a magnum opus, this is it.

ANTONY C. SUTTON

Phoenix, Arizona
July 30, 1983
Knight Woolley, Brooklyn, N.Y.

Introduction for 2002 Edition

AMERICAS SECRET ESTABLISHMENT has had an unusual publishing history.

The book began with an anonymous donation to the author of an 8-inch package of documents in the early 1980s. Nothing less than the membership list and supporting documents for a truly secret society, the Yale Skull and Bones. The late Johnny Johnson, of Phoenix Arizona, was the spark that moved me to write first a four-part series and later, a jumbo volume based on this material. This volume went to several editions with several publishers, even a Russian edition of 12,000 copies. Probably in the past few years, as many copies have been sold in Russia as in the United States. America's Secret Establishment has had little publicity, few reviews ignored by mainline distributors yet, has sold steadily for the past 16 years at a rate of several hundred copies a month. This activity, in turn, has generated other articles and books by other authors. But my real intent, to generate an exploration of Hegelian influence in modern America, has not been fulfilled. In great part, this can be attributed to an educational system based on a statist-Hegelian philosophy, and which has already achieved the "dumbing down" of America. This disastrous, destructive philosophy, the source of both Naziism and Marxism, has infected and corrupted our constitutional republic. Much of the blame for this corruption is with an elitist group of Yalie "Bonesmen." Their symbol of Skull and Bones, and their Hegelian philosophy, says it all, although with typical duplicity, they would have you believe otherwise. Hegelianism glorifies the State, the vehicle for the dissemination of statist and materialist ideas and policies in education, science, politics and economics. Wonder why we have a "dumbed-down" society? Look no further than the Bonesman troika who imported the Prussian education system into the U.S. in the 19th Century. A political philosophy in direct opposition to the classical liberalism nurtured in 19th Century British and American history. In classical liberalism, the State is always subordinate to the individual. In Hegelian Statism, as we see in Naziism and Marxism, the State is supreme, and the individual exists only to serve the State. Our two-party Republican-Democrat (= one Hegelian party, no one else welcome or allowed) system is a reflection of this Hegelianism. A small group -- a very small group -- by using Hegel, can manipulate, and to some extent, control society for its own purposes. More than that, reflect on their pirate flag. An emblem found on poison bottles, the symbol of the Nazi Death Head Division in World War Two. Not only did Skull and Bones become a major force in drug smuggling (the Bush and Prescott families in the 1860s), but in true Hegelian fashion, generated the antithesis, the so-called "war on drugs." This hypocritical policy maintains the price of drugs, controls supply, and puts millions in jail while the gainers, in great part, are none other than the same "Bonesmen" who pass the laws to prohibit (Bonesman Taft, 1904).

Right and Left -- A Control Device

For Hegelians, the State is almighty, and seen as "the march of God on earth." Indeed, a State religion. Progress in the Hegelian State is through contrived conflict: the clash of opposites makes for progress. If you can control the opposites, you dominate the nature of the outcome. We trace the extraordinary Skull and Bones influence in a major Hegelian conflict: Naziism vs. Communism. Skull and Bones members were in the dominant decision-making positions -- Bush, Harriman, Stimson, Lovett, and so on -- all Bonesmen, and instrumental in guiding the conflict through use of "right" and "left." They financed and encouraged the growths of both philosophies and controlled the outcome to a significant extent. This was aided by the "reductionist" division in science, the opposite of historical "wholeness." By dividing science and learning into narrower and narrower segments, it became easier to control the whole through the parts. In education, the Dewey system was initiated and promoted by Skull and Bones members. Dewey was an ardent statist, and a believer in the Hegelian idea that the child exists to be trained to serve the State. This requires suppression of individualist tendencies and a careful spoon-feeding of approved knowledge. This
"dumbing down" of American education is not easily apparent unless you have studied in both foreign and domestic U.S. universities -- then the contrast becomes crystal clear. This dumbing down is now receiving attention. Two excellent books are The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America, by Charlotte Thomson Iserbyt (Conscience Press, Revenna Ohio, 2001), and The Dumbing Down of America, by John Taylor Gotta. Both books trace this process to the impact of education, and both give remarkable detail of the process. We go further, in that we trace the import of the system to three Yalies members of Skull & Bones. For Iserbyt, in The Deliberate Dumbing Down of America, the American education system begins with Rockefeller and Gates. But in fact, this statist system is a reflection of the Hegelian ideas brought to the United States by the Skull and Bones "troika" of Gilman, White and Dwight, and then financed by Rockefeller.

People Control

Today in California, one can see in real time the use of controlled conflict to achieve a desired outcome. The debate over the energy crisis is carefully contained to a debate over price caps and price control. Republicans want no caps and no controls. Most Democrats want price controls through caps. But look at what is NOT discussed anywhere. The entire spectrum of almost free energy, based on a decade of research is carefully kept out of the discussion. Isn't this highly relevant to an energy crisis? In fact, the existence of free energy systems just down the road is the reason for the controlled debate. Mills Blacklight Power now has its patents and some utilities have already bought in. Bearden's MEG energy from space, is under discussion. Working models exist. The maligned cold fusion has hundreds of successful experiments, but so far as we know, cannot be repeated with sufficient assurance. Other systems have come into the view of government agencies, and then disappear from sight. A knowing public would ask, Why are these not included in the discussion?" -- Simple. Because the utilities know they are for real, and only a few years down the road. The problem for utilities is not the price of energy today, but how to dump their fixed assets (hydro plants, transmission lines, etc.) onto the public. These "valuable" assets will have zero value down the road, because all new systems are stand-alone units which don't need fixed plant and transmission lines. If the public is aware of the dilemma of the utilities, the ability to dump assets onto the State is heavily reduced. The Republican-Democrat debate over "caps" is a diversion. The relevant question carefully avoided is, how long will it take to get these new systems into production? Another example is Monsanto Corporation development of genetic engineering and predator seed, a barely-concealed effort for world domination of agriculture. President George Bush, Jr. , a Bonesman, appoints a Monsanto vice president, Dr. Virginia Weldon, as Director of Food and Drug Administration, which has the power to block labeling of genetically-engineered foods, and pass on other corporate control efforts. Just before this, in New Technology, we had the 1989 dramatic announcement of "cold fusion." When this announcement was made public, President George Bush (also a Bonesman) called establishment scientist the late physicist Seagrum into his office and gave instructions. We don't know what was said, but we know what happened. Cold fusion, a valid process for free energy, as was subsequently revealed, was slandered and harassed by the establishment, no doubt fearful of what free energy would do to the oil industry.

What is to be Done?

If the voting public was even vaguely aware of this rampant and concealed scenario, it could, and possibly would force change. However, this is not a likely possibility. Most people are "go-along" types, with limited personal objectives and a high threshold for official misdeeds. What has taken over a century to establish cannot be changed in a few years. The initial question is education. To eliminate the Hegelian system that stifles individual initiative and trains children to become mindless zombies, serving the State. We need a lot less propaganda for "education" and a more individual creative search for learning. Instead of more money for education, we need to allocate a lot less. The existing system of education is little more than a conditioning mechanism. It has little to do with education in the true sense, and a lot to do with control of the individual. It is more likely that time, rather than the voting booth, will erode the secret power of this Yale group. Nothing this outrageous can survive forever.

Antony Sutton


Announcement of Weekly Meeting
322
Wednesday Evening, June 28th, 1882
VIII. S.B.C.
"Est hodie in bonis."
Cicero, Fam. XIII. 30.
E. L. McLaughlin, S.C.C.
YALE COLLEGE,
June 15th, 1882.

New Initiates Into The Order for 1985

BOASBERG, James Emanuel, 3136 Newark Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20008
CARLIN, William John Carr, Jr., 21 Schermerhorn Street, Brooklyn, New York 11201.
CHANDRASEKHAR, Ashok Jai, 120 East 34th Street, New York, New York 10016.
FRANKEL, Scott David, 3290 Kersdale Road, Pepper Pike Ohio 44124.
GROSSMAN, Jay Alan, 48 Niles Road, Randolph, Massachusetts 02368.
KWOK, Wei-Tai, 5 109 Philip Road, Annandale, Virginia 22003.
LINDY, Peter Barnes, 105 South Perkins, Memphis, Tennessee 38117.
MISNER, Timothy Charles, 1009 Crest Park Drive, Silver Spring, Maryland 20903.
MNU CHIN, Steven Terner, 721 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10022.
PETELA, James Gerard, 47 Knollwood Drive, Branford, Connecticut 06405.
POWERS, Richard Hart, 21 Haigh Avenue, Niantic Connecticut 06357.
SMOCK, Morgan Robert, 4017 Louisiana Avenue North, New Hope, Minnesota 55427.
TAFT, Horace Dutton, 403 St. Ronan Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.
THOMPSON, Gregory Allan, 118 Whitman Drive, Brooklyn, New York 11234.
WALSH, Kevin Sanchez, 1030 Clay Avenue, Pelham Manor, New York 10803.


Initiates for 1917

Alfred Raymond Bellinger, Syracuse, N.Y.
Prescott Sheldon Bush, Columbus, O.
Henry Sage Fenimore Cooper, Albany, N.Y.
Oliver Baty Cunningham, Evanston, Ill.
Samuel Sloan Wuryee, New York City
Edward Roland Noel Harriman, Arden, N.Y.
Henry Porter Isham, Chicago, Ill.
William Ellery Sedgwick James, New York City
Harry William LeGore, LeGore, Md.
Henry Neil Mallon, Cincinnati, O.
Albert William Olsen, Glenbrook, Conn.
John Williams Overton, Nashville, Tenn.
Frank Parsons Shepard, Jr., St. Paul, Minn.
Kenneth Farrand Simpson, New York City

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Memorandum Number One: Is There A Conspiracy Explanation For Recent History?

The reader anxious to get into the story of The Order should go directly to Memorandum Number Two. This section concerns methods, evidence and proof. Essential, but perhaps boring for most readers.

During the past one hundred years any theory of history or historical evidence that falls outside a pattern established by the American Historical Association and the major foundations with their grantmaking power has been attacked or rejected -- not on the basis of any evidence presented, but on the basis of the acceptability of the argument to the so-called Eastern Liberal Establishment and its official historical line.

The Official Establishment History

There is an Establishment history, an official history, which dominates history textbooks, trade publishing, the media and library shelves. The official line always assumes that events such as wars, revolutions, scandals, assassinations, are more or less random unconnected events. By definition events can NEVER be the result of a conspiracy, they can never result from premeditated planned group action. An excellent example is the Kennedy assassination when, within 9 hours of the Dallas tragedy, TV networks announced the shooting was NOT a conspiracy, regardless of the fact that a negative proposition can never be proven, and that the investigation had barely begun.

Woe betide any book or author that falls outside the official guidelines. Foundation support is not there. Publishers get cold feet. Distribution is hit and miss, or non-existent.

Just to ensure the official line dominates, in 1946 the Rockefeller Foundation allotted $139,000 for an official history of World War Two. This to avoid a repeat of debunking history books which embarrassed the Establishment after World War One. The reader will be interested to know that The Order we are about to investigate had great foresight, back in the 1880s, to create both the American Historical Association and the American Economic Association (most economists were then more historians than analysts) under their terms, with their people and their objectives. Andrew Dickson White was a member of The Order and the first President of the American Historical Association.

Failure of Official History

Times have changed. The weaknesses, inconsistencies and plain untruths in official history have surfaced. In the 1980s it is rare to find a thinking reader who accepts official history. Most believe it has been more or less packaged for mass consumption by naive or greedy historians. Although an historian who will stick out his neck and buck the trend is rare, some who do are victims of an even deeper game.

Conspiracy then is an accepted explanation for many events at the intelligent grass roots level, that level furthest removed from the influence of The Order. We can cite at random the Kennedy assassination where the official "lone gunman" theory was never accepted by Americans in the street; Watergate, where a "deep throat" informer and erased tapes reek of conspiracy, and Pearl Harbor, where Rear Admiral Husband E. Kimmel and Major General Walter C. Short took the rap for General George C. Marshall and President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

The revisionist historian has a double burden as well as a double task. The double burden is that research likely to question the official historical line will not get financed. The double task is that research must be more than usually careful and precise.

A non-official work is not going to be judged on its merits. The work will be judged on the basis of its acceptability to a predetermined historical standard. What this standard is we shall explore later.

Hypotheses and Method

Which brings us to methodology. In this volume we will present three hypotheses. What is a hypothesis? A hypothesis is a theory, a working theory, a start point, which has to be supported by evidence. We arrived at these three hypotheses by examining certain documents which will also be described. The official history hatchet mongers will scream that our hypotheses are now being presented as proven assertions -- and whatever we write here will not stop the screams. But again, these are only hypotheses at this point, they have to be supported with evidence. They are a first step in a logical research process.

Now in scientific methodology a hypothesis can be proven. It cannot be disproven. It is up to the reader to decide whether the evidence presented later supports, or does not support, the hypotheses. Obviously no one author, critic, or reader can decide either way until all the evidence has been presented.

We also intend to use two other principles of scientific research ignored by official establishment historians.

Firstly, in science the simplest explanation to a problem is always the most acceptable solution. By contrast, in establishment history, a simple answer is usually criticized as "simplistic." What the critic implies is "The poor writer hasn't used all the facts," In other words, it's a cheap "putdown" without the necessity of providing an alternate answer or additional facts.

Secondly, again in science, an answer that fits the most cases, i.e., the most general answer, is also the most acceptable answer. For example, you have 12 events to explain and a theory that fits 11 of these events. That theory is more acceptable than a theory that fits only 4 or 5 of the events.

The Devil Theory of History

Using this methodology we are going to argue and present detailed precise evidence (including names, dates and places) that the only reasonable explanation for recent history in the United States is that there exists a conspiracy to use political power for ends which are inconsistent with the Constitution.

This is known by the official historians as the "devil theory of history," which again is a quick, cheap device for brushing facts under the rug. However, these critics ignore, for example, the Sherman Act, i.e., the anti-trust laws where conspiracy is the basic accepted theory. If there can be a conspiracy in the market place, then why not in the political arena? Are politicians any purer than businessmen? Following the antitrust laws we know that conspiracy can only be proven in a specific manner. A similar pattern of market actions is not proof of conspiracy. Just because something looks like a duck, walks like a duck, and all the ducks act similarly, does not make it a duck -- or a conspiracy. Under the Sherman Act a similar pattern of prices, where all prices are the same, is not proof of conspiracy.Similarity of prices can occur in a purely competitive market. Neither is similar political action necessarily a conspiracy.

Proof of conspiracy requires specific types of evidence, i.e.,:

(a) there must be secret meetings of the participants and efforts made to conceal joint actions,

(b) those meetings must jointly agree to take a course of action,

(c) and this action must be illegal.

The Council on Foreign Relations

Widely accepted explanations of recent history based on a conspiracy theory do not present evidence that fits the above criteria. For example, the Council on Foreign Relations cannot be claimed as a conspiracy even for the period since its founding in 1921. Membership in the CFR is not a secret. Membership lists are freely available for the cost of a postage stamp. There is no proof that the entire membership conspires to commit illegal acts.

What has to be proven in any conspiracy explanation of history is that the participants have secret groupings, and meet to plan illegal actions.

Members of the CFR, when accused of being involved in a conspiracy, have protested to the contrary. And by and large they are right. Most CFR members are not involved in a conspiracy and have no knowledge of any conspiracy. And some personally known to the author are about the last people on earth to get involved in an illegal conspiracy.

HOWEVER, there is a group WITHIN the Council of Foreign Relations which belongs to a secret society, sworn to secrecy, and which more or less controls the CFR. CFR meetings are used for their own purposes, i.e., to push out ideas, to weigh up people who might be useful, to use meetings as a forum for discussion.

These members are in The Order. Their membership in The Order can be proven. Their meetings can be proven. Their objectives are plainly unconstitutional. And this ORDER has existed for 150 years in the United States.

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Memorandum Number Two: The Order - What It Is And How It Began

Those on the inside know it as The Order. Others have known it for more than 150 years as Chapter 322 of a German secret society. More formally for legal purposes, The Order was incorporated as The Russell Trust in 1856. It was also once known as the "Brotherhood of Death." Those who make light of it, or want to make fun of it, call it "Skull & Bones," or just plain "Bones."

The American chapter of this German order was founded in 1833 at Yale University by General William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft who, in 1876, became Secretary of War in the Grant Administration. Alphonso Taft was the father of William Howard Taft, the only [man] to be both President and Chief Justice of the United States.

What Is The Order?

The Order is not just another campus Greek letter fraternal society with passwords and handgrips, common to most campuses. Chapter 322 is a secret society whose members are sworn to silence. It only exists on the Yale campus (that we know about). It has rules. It has ceremonial rites. It is not at all happy with prying, probing citizens -- known among initiates as "outsiders" or "vandals." Its members always deny membership (or are supposed to deny membership) and in checking hundreds of autobiographical listings for members we found only half a dozen who cited an affiliation with Skull & Bones. The rest were silent. An interesting point is whether the many members in various Administrations or who hold government positions have declared their members in the biographical data supplied for FBI "background checks.

Above all, The Order is powerful, unbelievably powerful. If the reader will persist and examine the evidence to be presented -- which is overwhelming -- there is no doubt his view of the world will suddenly come sharply into focus, with almost frightening clarity. [1]

Before we go further we need to add a couple of important observations about The Order:

It is a Senior year society which exists only at Yale. Members are chosen in their Junior year and spend only one year on campus, the Senior year, with Skull & Bones. In other words, the organization is oriented to the post graduate outside world. The Order meets annually -- patriarchs only -- on Deer Island in the St. Lawrence River.

Senior societies are unique to Yale. There are two other senior societies at Yale, but none elsewhere. Scroll & Key and Wolf's Head are supposedly competitive societies founded in the mid-19th century. We believe these to be part of the same network. Rosenbaum commented in his Esquire article, very accurately, that anyone in the Eastern Liberal Establishment who is not a member of Skull & Bones is almost certainly a member of either Scroll & Key or Wolf's Head.

What is the significance of the "322" in Chapter 322? William Russell imported the society from Germany and so it has been argued the 322 stands for '32 (from 1832), the second chapter, of this German organization. Possibly a chapter 320 and a chapter 321 may exist somewhere. And 323 is the designation of a room within the Skull & Bones temple at Yale.

Another interpretation is that The Order is descended from a Greek fraternal society dating back to Demosthenes in 322 B.C. This has perhaps some credibility because Bones records are dated by adding 322 to the current year, i.e., records originating in 1950 are dated Anno - Demostheni 2272.

How A Member Is Chosen By The Order?

The selection procedure for new members of The Order has not changed since 1832. Each year 15, and only 15, never more, never fewer, are selected. In the past 150 years about 2500 Yale graduates have been initiated into The Order. At any one time about 500-600 are alive and active. Roughly about one-quarter of these take an active role in furthering the objectives of The Order. The others either lose interest or change their minds. They are silent drop-outs.

A Yale Junior cannot ask to join. There is no electioneering. Juniors are invited to join and are given two options: accept or reject. Apparently some amount of personal information is gathered on potential members. The following is the kind of evaluation made in the last century; we doubt it has changed too much down to the present time:

• "Frank Moore is an ideal Bones man, he is a hard worker and a man whose efforts have been more for Yale than himself. He is manager of the Musical clubs and has been active in Dwight Hall. His election will be well deserved and popular."
• "Don Thompson is a sure man whom the class wishes well for and will be glad to see go. He comes from a Bones family."

In selection emphasis is placed on athletic ability -- the ability to play on a team. The most unlikely potential member of The Order is a loner, an iconoclast, an individualist, the man who goes his own way in the world.

The most likely potential member is from a Bones family, who is energetic, resourceful, political and probably an amoral team player. A man who understands that to get along you have to go along. A man who will sacrifice himself for the good of the team. A moment's reflection illustrates why this is so. In real life the thrust of The Order is to bring about certain objectives. Honors and financial rewards are guaranteed by the power of The Order. But the price of these honors and rewards is sacrifice to the common goal, the goal of The Order. Some, perhaps many, have not been willing to pay this price.

"For a Communist, there is only one way to relate to the Party -- maintain the Party's line against everything and everybody, never for a moment doubting its correctness. To hold a personal opinion at variance with the Party's line means doubling one's burden. It means that, while continuing to fight the enemies of the revolution, one incurs the enmity of friends to whom the slightest difference of view appears as a betrayal."

-- Diego Rivera -- My Art, My Life -- An Autobiography, by Diego Rivera

Inside The Order

Entry into The Order is accompanied by an elaborate ritual and no doubt by psychological conditioning. For example:

"Immediately on entering Bones the neophyte's name is changed. He is no longer known by his name as it appears in the college catalogue but like a monk or Knight of Malta or St. John, becomes Knight so and so. The old Knights are then known as Patriarch so and so. The outside world are known as Gentiles and vandals."

The Catalogue (or membership list -- it became "Addresses" sometime in this century) of Chapter 322, however, is made with the usual "outside" names and is unique and impressive. Each member has a copy bound in black leather with peculiar symbols on the outside and inside. The symbols presumably have some meaning.

The owner's name and the single letter "D" is gilt-stamped on the outer cover of earlier issues, at least up to the mid-19th century. It then appears to have been omitted, at least on copies we have seen: Each righthand page, printed one side only, about 6 x 4 inches, has the members listed for one year and surrounded by a heavy black border, thick in the early years, not so thick in recent decades. This symbolizes the death of the person named as he adopts his new name and new life upon entering The Order.

Most interesting is an entry between the decade lists of members. On the 1833 list, before the 15 founders' names, are the words "Period 2 Decade 3." Similarly, before names on the 1843 list are the words "Period 2 Decade 4." In brief, "Period" stays the same throughout the years, but the "Decade" number increases by one in each ten years. No doubt this means something to The Order, else it wouldn't be there. Another mystical group of letters and numbers is at the top of the first list of names in 1833, "P.231-D.31." The numbers increase by one in each succeeding class. In 1834, for example, the entry reads "P.232-D 32."

Furthermore, the first class list of 1833 has two blank lines in place of the eleventh name on the list. This supports the argument that the society has German origins and this is the listing of the anonymous German connection.

The Members of 1833

We estimate that at any one time only about one-quarter of the membership is active. Even the active quarter is not always effective or successful. It's instructive to compare 1833 with 1983 and how, over the century and a half span, a group of 20-30 families has emerged to dominate The Order.

The very first name on the very first membership list, Samuel Henshaw Bates, was a private in the Union Army, went west to farm in Santa Rosa, California, at that time very much in the boondocks, and died in 1879. A life not different to millions of other Americans.

In fact, out of the first 15 members (actually 14 plus the anonymous member), achievements were not much greater than we would expect from the cream of a Yale "class". Rufus Hart spent several years in the Ohio Senate, Asahel Hooker Lewis was in the Ohio Legislature for a couple of years, Samuel Marshall was an Illinois State Legislator for a while, and Frederick Mather was in the New York Legislature. Other members, apart from the two founders of The Order, did nothing much with their lives or for The Order.

By contrast, the two founding members, William Huntington Russell and Alphonso Taft, went far. William Russell was a member of the Connecticut State Legislature in 1846-47, a General in the Connecticut National Guard from 1862-70, and founded the Collegiate and Commercial Institute in New Haven, Connecticut. Alphonso Taft went further: he was Secretary of War in 1876 -- the first of several members of The Order to hold this post down into the 1950s. Taft became U.S. Attorney General in 1876-7, then U.S. Minister to Austria in 1882-4, and finally U.S. Ambassador to Russia in 1884-5.

During the 150-year interval since 1833, active membership has evolved into a core group of perhaps 20-30 families; it seems that active members have enough influence to push their sons and relatives into The Order, and there is significant intermarriage among the families. These families fall into two major groups.

First we find old line American families who arrived on the East coast in the 1600s, e.g., Whitney, Lord, Phelps, Wadsworth, Allen, Bundy, Adams and so on.


Second, we find families who acquired wealth in the last 100 years, sent their sons to Yale and in time became almost old line families, e.g., Harriman, Rockefeller, Payne, Davison.

Some families, like the Whitneys, were Connecticut Yankees and acquired wealth in the nineteenth century.

In the last 150 years a few families in The Order have gained enormous influence in society and the world.

One example is the Lord family. Two branches of this family date from the 1630s: Those descended from Nathan Lord and those from Thomas Lord. Other Lords arrived in the U.S. over the years but do not enter our discussion. Of these two main branches, only the Thomas Lord group appears to have contributed members to The Order. Their ancestry traces to Thomas Lord, who left Essex, England in 1635 in a company led by Rev. Thomas Hooker, and settled in what is now Hartford, Connecticut. In fact, part of Hartford is still known as Lord's Hill. The line of descent for this Lord family is full of DeForest and Lockwood names because intermarriage is more than common among these elite families.

The first Lord to be initiated into The Order was George DeForest Lord (1854), a New York lawyer. Together with his father, Daniel Lord (another Yale graduate), George DeForest Lord established the New York law firm of Lord, Day and Lord. Among its present day clients are The New York Times and the Rubin Foundation. The Rubin Foundation is one of the financial angels for the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, D.C.

In the next hundred years five more Lords were initiated into The Order:

Franklin Atkins Lord ('98)
William Galey Lord ('22)
Oswald Bates Lord ('26)
Charles Edwin Lord, II ('49)
Winston Lord ('59)

When we ask the question, what have these members achieved? And what are they doing today? a dramatic picture emerges ... as demonstrated in the chart ...



_______________

Notes:

1. Readers who want more on the ceremonial and initiation aspects should read the September, 1977 Esquire article by Ron Rosenbaum, "The Last Secrets of Skull and Bones." Unfortunately, the article completely misses the historical significance of Skull & Bones, although it is an excellent source of lurid details and the mumbo-jumbo rites.

[admin]

Memorandum Number Three: How Much Is Known About The Order?

The openly published literature on The Order amounts to merely two articles over a span of one hundred years: The Iconoclast (Volume One, Number One only) published October 13, 1873 and an already cited article in Esquire by Ron Rosenbaum, published in 1977. This book and its successors are based on unpublished archival material originating with The Order.

The Iconoclast (October 1873)

Back in October 1873 an enterprising Yale student, stung to action because The Order had taken over Yale finances and left the University near poverty, took it upon himself to publish an expose. Unfortunately, some of the anonymous student's acutest observations were buried in not-so-good verse. We will reprint some of the verse below as in the original Iconoclast because it's impossible to summarize.

The Yale college newspapers, Courant and Record, had a blackout policy on The Order. As Iconoclast puts it,

"We speak through a new publication, because the college press is closed to those who dare to openly mention 'Bones'."

The College Press was controlled by The Order. From time to time Yale newspapers were run by Editors in The Order. For example, one noteworthy editor of the Yale Record also in The Order was Thomas Cochran ('94), who went on to make a career as an influential partner in the influential banking firm of J.P. Morgan.

Three paragraphs in this anonymous publication summarize the Iconoclast accusation.

First, there is a Yale secret society open only to a select few:

"For more than forty years a secret society called Skull and Bones has existed in Yale College. It receives a certain number of men from each class. These are chosen nominally by the members of the class ..., although it is understood that a prominent man's influence avails for his friends and relatives through several years after his graduation. By observing the men elected from year to year, we find that they are chosen with a distinct end in view, namely, that of obtaining for the society the most honors. Some of these honors are given to literary, some to wealthy men. This, then, is the case. Men receive marks of distinction from Yale College or from their entire class, because of which they are taken into this secret society. Since Yale honors men, this fraternity professes to honor them also."

Secondly, the Iconoclast states that The Order has obtained control of Yale, and its members care more for their society than for Yale:

To Whom It May Concern

We come before the college now on Justice's side arrayed,
To claim redress for open wrongs that Vandal hands have made,
To give a college sentiment expression bold and free,
Asserting each man's native right, if such a thing there be.

We represent no clique or clan, but honest men and true,
Who never will submit to that which fifteen men may do,
Who feel the shameful yoke that long has on the college lain,
And who propose to do their best to break that yoke in twain.

We are not "soreheads." God forbid that we should cherish strong
Desires to be identified with principles that long
Have been a blight upon the life and politics of Yale,
Before whose unjust aims the glow of "Boss Tweed's" brass would pale.

We represent the neutral men, whose voices must be heard,
And never can be silenced by a haughty look or word.
Of those whose influence here at Yale would be but void and null
Did they not wear upon their breasts two crossed bones and a skull.

We hold no grudge 'gainst any man, but wish that all may be
United by the common bond of peace and harmony;
Yet, when a few do to themselves most proudly arrogate
The running of affairs, there can be no such happy state.

What right, forsooth, have fifteen men to lord it over all?
What right to say the college world shall on their faces fall
When they approach? Have they, indeed, to "sickly greatness grown,"
And must each one with servile speech them his "superiors" own?

If they have grounds on which they base their claim as just and true,
We challenge them to set them forth exposed to public view,
That all may know the reasons why this oligarchy proud
Elect themselves as lords supreme o'er us, the "vulgar crowd"

We offer no objections to their existing clan --
No one disputes with them this right, we question but the plan
On which they act, -- That only he who wears upon his breast
Their emblem, he for every post shall be considered best.

We wish this understood by all. Let none who read this say
That we are moved by petty wrongs or private spite obey;
It is for principles of right that we with them contend,
For principles which they've ignored, but which we here defend.

O fellow students, who with us revere these classic halls,
O ye across whose pathway bright their sacred glory falls, --
Ye men of every class who feel our Alma Mater's care,
Shall college life beneath these elms this loathsome aspect wear?

Shall none assert the right to act as to each seemeth best,
But cringe and fawn to him who wears a death's head on his breast?
Nay, let all rise and break the spell whose sickly glamour falls
About all that originates within those brown stone walls.

And if they will not hear our claims, or grant the justice due,
But still persist in tarnishing the glory of the blue,
Ruling this little college world with proud, imperious tones,
Be then the watchword of our ranks -- Down, Down With Skull and Bones!

"Out of every class Skull and Bones takes its men. They have gone out into the world and have become, in many instances, leaders in society. They have obtained control of Yale. Its business is performed by them. Money paid to the college must pass into their hands, and be subject to their will. No doubt they are worthy men in themselves, but the many whom they looked down upon while in college, cannot so far forget as to give money freely into their hands. Men in Wall Street complain that the college comes straight to them for help, instead of asking each graduate for his share. The reason is found in a remark made by one of Yale's and America's first men: Few will give but Bones men, and they care far more for their society than they do for the college.'"

Finally, the Iconoclast calls The Order a "deadly evil" growing year by year:

"Year by year the deadly evil is growing. The society was never as obnoxious to the college as it is today, and it is just this ill-feeling that shuts the pockets of non-members. Never before has it shown such arrogance and self-fancied superiority. It grasps the College Press and endeavors to rule it all. It does not deign to show its credentials, but clutches at power with the silence of conscious guilt.

To tell the good which Yale College has done would be well nigh impossible. To tell the good she might do would be yet more difficult. The question, then, is reduced to this -- on the one hand lies a source of incalculable good, -- on the other a society guilty of serious and far-reaching crimes. It is Yale College against Skull and Bones!! We ask all men, as a question of right, which should be allowed to live?"

The power of The Order is put to use on behalf of its members even before they leave Yale. Here's a case from the late 19th century which predates the cases we will present later and suggests how long immoral use of power has prevailed within The Order:

"The Favoritism Shown To Bones Men"

"Are not we coming to a sad state when open injustice can be done by the Faculty, and when the fact that a man is a member of Skull and Bones can prejudice them in his favor? Briefly, the case which calls forth this question is this: Two members of the Senior class, the one being a neutral, the other a Bones man, returned at the beginning of the college year laden with several conditions, some of which, upon examination, they failed to pass. Up to this point the cases were parallel, and the leniency, if there was to be leniency, should have been shown to the neutral, who has done all that lay in his power to further the interests of the college, rather than to the Bones man, who has, during his three years at Yale, accomplished nothing that we wot of. But, strange to say, the former has been suspended until the end of the term and obliged to leave town, not being permitted to pass another examination until he returns. The Bones man, on the contrary, is allowed to remain in New Haven, attends recitation daily, is called upon to recite, and will have a second examination in less than six weeks. Why is this distinction made? 'O, Mr. So-and-so's is a special case,' said a professor (a Bones man), -- the specialty, we presume, being the fact that Mr. So-and-so wears a death's head and cross bones upon his bosom. We understand that Mr. So-and-so claims to have been ill during vacation and offers the illness as an excuse for not passing the examination; but the neutral gentleman was also ill, as the Faculty were expressly informed in a letter from his father."

"The circumstance has caused a very lively indignation throughout the Senior class. It is certainly time for a radical reform when the gentlemen who superintend our destinies, and who should be just if nothing else, can allow themselves to be influenced by so petty a thing as society connections."

Esquire (September 1977)

Only one article is known to have been published within the last 100 years on The Order. Unfortunately, it is a superficial, almost mocking, review and provides some enlightenment but little contribution to historical knowledge. The article is the "Last Secrets of Skull and Bones" by Ron Rosenbaum (Esquire, September 1977).

Rosenbaum is a Yale graduate attracted by the fictional possibilities of a secret society out to control the world; he is apparently not aware of the political implications. The contribution is a blend of known authentic documents and outright hearsay. On the other hand, Rosenbaum does make some notable observations. Among these are: "... the people who have shaped America's national character since it ceased being an undergraduate power had their undergraduate character shaped in that crypt over there" (i.e., the "temple" on the Yale campus).

Another comment: when a new member is initiated into The Order, "tonight he will die to the world and be born again into The Order as he will thenceforth refer to it. The Order is a world unto itself in which he will have a new name and fourteen new blood brothers, also with new names."

And when Rosenbaum starts to inquire about The Order, he is told: "They don't like people tampering and prying. The power of Bones is incredible. They've got their hands on every lever of power in the country. You'll see -- it's like trying to look into the Mafia. Remember they're a secret society too."

The Esquire piece is well worth reading, it gives a side of The Order that doesn't concern us too much.

The "Addresses" Books

As The Order is a secret society it does not publish minutes or journals. As Rosenbaum suggests, "they don't like people tampering and prying."

This author does, however, possess copies of the "Addresses" books, which used to be called "Catalogues." These are the membership lists all the way back to 1832, the founding date in the United States. How did this material make its way into outside hands? It is possible that one or more members, although bound by oath, would not be dismayed if the story became public knowledge. That's all we will say.

Other material exists, Skull & Bones is always a lively topic for Yale conversation. Some time back a few practical minded students made their own investigation; they did a break-in job, a "Yalegate." A small hoard of Bones momentos, a layout diagram and considerable embarrassment resulted.

The core of the research for this book is the "Addresses" books. With these we can reconstruct a picture of motives, objectives and operations. The actions of individual members are already recorded in open history and archives.

By determining when members enter a scene, what they did, what they argued, who they appointed and when they faded out, we can assemble patterns and deduce objectives.

[admin]

Memorandum Number Four: Who Is In This Secret Society?

The membership list of about 2500 initiates into The Order has very obvious features:

• Most members are from the Eastern seaboard United States. As late as 1950 only three members resided in Los Angeles, California, but 28 members resided in New Haven, Connecticut.
• Members are all males and almost all WASPS (White Anglo Saxon Protestant). In great part they descended from English Puritan families, their ancestors arrived in North America in the 1630-1660 period.
• These Puritan families either intermarried with financial power or invited in sons of money moguls, e.g., Rockefellers, Davisons, and Harrimans, whose sons became members of The Order.

From this preliminary information we can derive Hypothesis One:

THERE EXISTS [N THE UNITED STATES TODAY, AND HAS EXISTED SINCE 1833, A SECRET SOCIETY COMPRISING MEMBERS OF OLD LINE AMERICAN FAMILIES AND REPRESENTATIVES OF FINANCIAL POWER.

The chart on page 19 presents a simplified layout of this hypothesis. Full information remains for a later book -- for now we'll give details of just two key families, the Whitneys and the Harrimans.


THE ORDER
WHITNEY FAMILY (1635, Watertown, Mass.)
PERKINS FAMILY (1631, Boston, Mass.)
STIMSON FAMILY (1635, Watertown, Mass.)
TAFT FAMILY (1679, Braintree, Mass.)
WADSWORTH FAMILY (1632, Newtown, Mass.)
GILMAN FAMILY (1638, Hingham, Mass.)
PAYNE FAMILY (Standard Oil)
DAVISON FAMILY (J.P. Morgan)
PILLSBURY FAMILY (Flour milling)
SLOANE FAMILY (Retail)
WEYERHAEUSER FAMILY (Lumber)
HARRIMAN FAMILY (Railroads)
ROCKEFELLER FAMILY (Standard Oil)
LORD FAMILY (1635, Cambridge, Mass.)
BUNDY FAMILY (1635, Boston, Mass.)
PHELPS FAMILY (1630, Boston, Mass.)

The Whitney Family

A key family is the Whitneys, descended from English Puritans who came to the U.S. about 1635 and settled in Watertown, Mass. Eight Whitneys have been members of The Order. Of these, three had brief lives; Emerson Cogswell Whitney died a few months after initiation and Edward Payson Whitney "disappeared in 1858" according to his biographer. However, three Whitneys, William Collins Whitney and his two sons, are the core of Whitney influence in The Order which survives today through the Harriman family and intermarriage with Paynes and Vanderbilts.

Whitneys In The Order:

Initiation / Name / Field
1851: Emerson Cogswell Whitney: Education: "Died December 1, 1851."
1854: Edward Payson Whitney: Medicine: "Disappeared in 1858"
1856: James Lyman Whitney: Library work: Boston Public Library
1863: William Collins Whitney: Secretary of Navy (1885-9) Promoter and Financier
1878: Edward Baldwin Whitney: Law: Justice, New York Supreme Court
1882: Joseph Ernest Whitney: Education: "Died Feb. 25, 1893"
1894: Payne Whitney (son of W.C. Whitney): Finance: Knickerbocker Trust Co.
1898: Harry Payne Whitney (son of W.C. Whitney): Finance: Guaranty Trust and Guggenheim Exploration Co.

William Collins Whitney (1841-1904) is a fine example of how members of The Order rise to fame and fortune. W.C. Whitney was initiated in 1863 and by 1872 had only advanced his career to Inspector of Schools for New York. However, in the last three decades of the century, he rolled up a massive fortune, became a power behind the throne in the Cleveland Administration, and directed the often unscrupulous activities of a cluster of capitalists known as "the Whitney Group". A brief quotation suggests the power that Whitney amassed in a brief 30 years. This is a list of Whitney estates at the turn of the century:

"... a city residence in New York, a Venetian palace and 5,000 acres in Wheatley Hills, near Jamaica, L.I.; a Sheepshead Bay house, with a private track covering 300 acres; a mansion at Berkshire Hills, Mass., with 700 acres of land; October Mountain house, with a large tract of land; Stony Ford Farm, New York, used as an auxiliary to his Kentucky Stock Farm; an Adirondack game preserve of 16,000 acres; a lodge at Blue Mountain Lake with a fine golf course, a Blue Grass farm of 3,000 acres in Kentucky; and an estate at Aiken, S.C., comprising a mansion, race course, and 2,000 acres of hunting land."

William C. Whitney married Flora Payne, daughter of Standard Oil Treasurer Oliver Payne. The Paynes are not in The Order, but adding the Payne piece of the Standard Oil fortune made Whitney's fortune that much larger. Their two sons, Harry Payne ('94) and Payne Whitney ('98), went to Yale and became members of The Order. After Yale Harry Payne promptly married Gertrude Vanderbilt in 1896 and so the Whitney-Payne fortune now joined some Vanderbilt money. This financial power was channeled into Guaranty Trust, the J.P. Morgan and Guggenheim outfits.

And it gets more complicated. For example, the son of Harry Payne Whitney, Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney, married Marie Norton. After their divorce, Marie Norton Whitney married W. Averell Harriman (his first wife) who is today at 91 a key member. It is these tightly woven family and financial interlocks that make up the core of The Order.

So let's take a look at the Harriman family.

The Harriman Family

In the first few days of June 1983 a prominent American, a private citizen, flew to Moscow for a confidential chat with Yuri Andropov. A State Department interpreter went along.

This American was not the President, nor the Vice-President, nor the Secretary of State, nor any member of the Reagan Administration. It was a private individual -- W. Averell Harriman. The first time any American had talked with Yuri Andropov since the death of his predecessor, Brezhnev. So who is W. Averell Harriman?

The elder Harriman, a prominent and not too scrupulous railroad magnate, sent both his sons to Yale. William Averell Harriman ('13) and Edward Roland Noel Harriman ('17) joined The Order. A good example of how old line families in The Order absorbed new wealth families, although as history has unfolded it may be that Harriman and his fellow investment bankers have dominated the direction of The Order in the past few decades.


Brown Brothers Harriman, advertisement from Wall Street Journal listing partners.

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, Tuesday, July 11, 1972

Business Established 1818
BROWN BROTHERS HARRIMAN & CO.
PRIVATE BANKERS
NEW YORK, BOSTON, PHILADELPHIA, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS

STATEMENT OF CONDITION, JUNE 30, 1972

ASSETS
Cash on Hand and Due from Banks $125,311,119
U.S. Government Securities, Direct and Guaranteeed $45,083.406
State, Municipal and Other Public Securities $59,169,090
Other Marketable Securities $1,408,308
Loans and Discounts: $178,690,569
Customers' Liability on Acceptances: $11,940,935
Other Assets: $21,879,118
Total: $443,482,545

LIABILITIES
Deposits: $398,446,959
Acceptances: Less Amount in Portfolio: $12,389,930
Other Liabilities: $5,860,372
Capital: $8,000,000
Surplus: $18,785,284
Total: $443,482,545

PARTNERS
J. Eugene Banks
Moreau D. Brown
Walter H. Brown
Prescott Bush
Granger Costikyan
William R. Driver, Jr.
Terrence M. Farley
Elbridge T. Gerry
John C. Hanson
E.R. Harriman
Frank W. Hoch
Stephen Y. Hord
R. L. Ireland III
F. H. Kingsbury, Jr.
Robert A. Lovett
John B. Madden
Thomas McCance
L. J. Newquist
William F. Fray
Robert V. Roosa
L. Parks Shipley
Maarten van Hengel
John C. West
Knight Woolley

LIMITED PARTNERS
Louis Curtis
Gerry Brothers & Co.
W. Averell Harriman

COMPLETE BANKING FACILITIES
Deposit Accounts, Commercial Loans and Discounts
Commercial Letters of Credit and Acceptances, Foreign Exchange
Custody of Securities, Corporate Financial Counseling
Investment Advisory Service
Brokers for Purchase and Sale of Securities
Members of Principal Stock Exchanges

BROWN HARRIMAN INTERNATIONAL LTD. LONDON

Licensed as Private Bankers and subject to examination and regulation by the Superintendent of Banks of the State of New York and by the Department of Banking of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Subject to supervision and examination by the Commissioner of Banks of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The activities of the Chicago and St. Louis offices are limited to Investment Advisory and Brokerage Services.

In the 1930s W.A. Harriman & Company merged with Brown Brothers. This was an older financial house whose partners were also members of The Order. Alexander Brown was founded 1800 in New York and Philadelphia.

By the 1970s the relatively unknown private international banking firm of Brown Brothers, Harriman, with assets of about one-half billion dollars, had taken in so many of "the Brotherhood" that out of 26 individual partners, no fewer than 9 were members of The Order. We don't know of any greater concentration of members.

And to make it more interesting, Prescott Bush, father of President George H. W. Bush (both in The Order), was a partner in Brown Brothers, Harriman for over 40 years.

Finally, because Brown Brothers, Harriman is a private banking firm it has relatively no government supervision and does not publish an annual report. In other words, we know NOTHING about its operations -- at least we know nothing from Brown Brothers, Harriman sources.

Here's a line-up of Brown Brothers, Harriman partners who were also members of The Order in the mid 1970s:

Name of Partner / Date Initiated
Walter H. Brown: 1945
Prescott Sheldon Bush: 1917
Granger Kent Costikyan: 1929
Edward Roland Noel Harriman: 1917
W. Averell Harriman: 1913
Stephen Young Hord: 1921
Robert Abercrombie Lovett: 1918
John Beckwith Madden: 1941
Knight Woolley: 1917

It's worth thinking about this concentration of names and the power it represents in the light of outside comments on The Order over the years.

After the title page of this volume we reprint the verse of an anonymous Yale student of the 1870s. He commented on the requirement to put The Order ahead of all else.

The Editor of The Iconoclast (also in the 1870s) wrote:

And on their breasts they wear a sign
That tells their race and name
It is the ghastly badge of death
And from his kingdom came
The son of Satan, son of sin
The enemy of man.

Another writer in the 1870s called The Order the "Brotherhood of Death":

And settle down in silence solidly,
Crow-wise, the frightful Brotherhood of Death.
Black-hatted and black-hooded huddle they,
With black cravats a-dangling from each neck;
So take they their grim station at the door,
Torches lit, skull-and-cross-bones-banner spread.

Ron Rosenbaum in his 1977 Esquire article a century later, was no less caustic. Rosenbaum called it a Mafia.

From evidence to be presented later this author would term The Order "an international Mafia" ... unregulated and all but unknown.

To the outside world, however, it's merely Brown Brothers, Harriman, 59 Wall Street, New York. But obviously Yuri Andropov over in Moscow knows who holds the cards.

The British Connection

Some well read readers may raise a question -- how does The Order and its families relate to Cecil Rhodes' secret society, Milners Round Table, the Illuminati and the Jewish secret society equivalents? How do these fit into the picture?

We are concerned here only with the core of a purely American phenomenon with German origin. It is undoubtedly linked to overseas groups. The links between The Order and Britain go through Lazard Freres and the private merchant bankers. Notably the British establishment was also founded at a University -- Oxford University, and especially All Souls College at Oxford. The British element is called "The Group."

The Group links to the Jewish equivalent through the Rothschilds in Britain (Lord Rothschild was an original member of Rhodes' "inner circle"). The Order in the U.S. links to the Guggenheim, Schiff and Warburg families. There were no Jews at all in The Order until very recently. In fact, The Order has, as Rosenbaum suggests, some definite anti-semitic tendencies. Token Jews (and token blacks) have been admitted in recent years.

There is an Illuminati connection. Some details are in the Esquire article, more details will be in our future volumes.

All these groups have cooperative and competitive features. But to argue that all the world's ills can be ascribed to any one of these groups is false. The core of The Order, like the core of "The Group" in England, comprises about 20 families. In the U.S. case they are mostly descendents from the original settlers in Massachusetts. New wealth did not enter The Order until the mid-19th century and until recently, has never dominated The Order. On the other hand, key families, the Whitneys and the Harrimans, are linked to their own banking interests.

In many ways these old line Yankee families have outsmarted the bankers. The Puritans diverted bankers' wealth to their own objectives without always absorbing the banker families. The Order controls the substantial wealth of Andrew Carnegie, but no Carnegie has ever been a member of The Order. The Order used the Ford wealth so flagrantly against the wishes of the Ford family that two Fords resigned from the board of the Ford Foundation. No Ford has been a member of The Order. The name Morgan has never appeared on the membership lists, although some Morgan partners are with the inner core, for example, Davison and Perkins. Interestingly, the Astor name is prominent in "The Group" in England, but not in The Order in the U.S.

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Memorandum Number Five: What Organizations Has It Penetrated?

The Order has either set up or penetrated just about every significant research, policy, and opinionmaking organization in the United States, in addition to the Church, business, law, government and politics. Not all at the same time, but persistently and consistently enough to dominate the direction of American society. The evolution of American society is not, and has not been for a century, a voluntary development reflecting individual opinion, ideas and decisions at the grass roots. On the contrary, the broad direction has been created artificially and stimulated by The Order.

Not all organizations know they have been penetrated or used for another purpose. It's a situation very much as Quigley (see page 30) found in "The Group":

"there is ... an inner core of intimate associates who unquestionably knew that they were members of a group devoted to a common purpose and an outer circle of a larger number on whom the inner circle acted by personal persuasion, patronage distribution and social pressure. It is probable that most members of the outer circle were not conscious that they were being used by a secret society."

Therefore our Hypothesis Number Two is:

THE ORDER HAS PENETRATED OR BEEN THE DOMINANT INFLUENCE IN SUFFICIENT POLICY, RESEARCH AND OPINION MAKING ORGANIZATIONS THAT IT DETERMINES THE BASIC DIRECTION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY.


THE ORDER
The White House, Executive Branch
Law
Education, Media, Publishing
Business, Industry, Commerce
Churches
Banking, Federal Reserve System
Foundations, "Think Tanks", Policy Groups
Legislatures, Political parties

The Order Is The Original Impulse

One observation is that The Order gets the ball rolling in new organizations, i.e., puts in the FIRST President or Chairman and the ideas and then, when operations are rolling along, often just fades out of the picture.

Among universities we can cite Cornell University, where Andrew Dickson White ('53) was its FIRST President, and Johns Hopkins University, based on the German educational system, where Daniel Coit Gilman ('52) was the FIRST President (1875-1901).

Among academic associations the American Historical Association, the American Economic Association, the American Chemical Society, and the American Psychological Association were all started by members of The Order or persons close to The Order. These are key associations for the conditioning of society.

This phenomenon of The Order as the FIRST on the scene is found especially among foundations, although it appears that The Order keeps a continuing presence among Foundation Trustees. It does more than just be FIRST where money is concerned. It stays around to keep an eye on expenditures. The FIRST President of the Carnegie Institution (1902-5) was Daniel Coit Gilman, but other members of The Order have been on Carnegie boards since the turn of the century. Gilman was on the scene for the founding of the Peabody, Slater, and Russell Sage Foundations. McGeorge Bundy was President of the Ford Foundation from 1966-1979.

The FIRST Chairman of an influential but almost unknown organization established in 1910 was also a member of The Order. In 1920 Theodore Marburg founded the American Society for the Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, but Marburg was only President. The FIRST Chairman was member William Howard Taft ('78). The Society was the forerunner of the League to Enforce the Peace, which developed into the League of Nations concept and ultimately into the United Nations.

In United Nations we find, for example, that Archibald McLeash ('15) was the brains behind the constitution of the UNESCO organization.

We find the same FIRST on the scene phenomenon in "think tanks." In 1960, James Jeremiah Wadsworth ('27) set up the Peace Research Institute. In 1963 this was merged to become the Institute for Policy Studies, along with Marcus Rashkin, who had been National Security Council Aide (1961-3) to McGeorge Bundy ('40), a very active member of The Order.

The Church

About 2 percent of The Order is in the Church (all Protestant denominations), although this percentage has declined in recent years.

A key penetration is the Union Theological Seminary, affiliated with Columbia University in New York. This Seminary, a past subject of investigation for Communist infiltration, has close links to The Order. Henry Sloane Coffin ('97) was Professor of Practical Theology at Union from 1904 to 1926 and President of Union Theological Seminary, also known as the "Red Seminary," from 1926 to 1945. Union has such a wide interpretation of religious activity that has, or used to have, an Atheists Club for its students.

Henry Sloane Coffin, Jr. ('49) was one of the Boston Five indicted on federal conspiracy charges.

And this is only part of The Order's penetration into the Church.

The Law

The major establishment law firms in New York are saturated with The Order.

In particular, Lord, Day and Lord, dominated by the Lord family already discussed; also Simpson, Thacher and Bartlett, especially the Thacher family; David, Polk, Wardwell and Debevoise, Plimpton, the Rockefeller family law firm.

Communications

There has been a significant penetration into communications. Some examples:

• Henry Luce of Time-Life is in The Order.
• so is William Buckley ('50) of National Review
• and Alfred Cowles ('13), President of Cowles Communications, Des Moines Register, Minneapolis Star
• and Emmert Bates ('32) of Litton Educational Systems, plus
• Richard Ely Danielson ('07) of Atlantic Monthly
• Russell Wheeler Davenport ('23), Fortune
• John Chipman Farrar ('18), of Farrar, Straus, the publishers.

The most prestigious award in journalism is a Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University. Over 300 were granted from 1937-68. The FIRST Director of the Nieman Fund was member Archibald McLeash.

Industry

The oil companies have their links to The Order. Members Percy Rockefeller, the Paynes, the Pratts, all link to Standard Oil. Shell Oil, Creole Petroleum, and Socony Vacuum also link. A wide variety of manufacturing firms have members in The Order from the Donnelley family in Chicago (printers of the Official Airline Guide and other references); lumber companies like Weyerhaeuser, who is also a Trilateralist; Dresser Industries, and so on.

The Federal Reserve System

A dozen members can be linked to the Federal Reserve, but one appointment is noteworthy, Pierre Jay ('92), whose only claim to fame in 1913 was to run a private school and be an obscure Vice President of Manhattan Bank yet he became FIRST Chairman of the New York Federal Reserve, the really significant Reserve Bank.

The White House, Politics and Government

This is the area where The Order has made headway: with names like Taft, Bush, Stimson, Chafee, Lovett, Whitney, Bundy and so on. It will take a separate volume to cover this story and in Memorandum Nine we describe just one example, THE BUNDY OPERATION.

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Memorandum Number Six: Operations Of The Order

In 1981 The Anglo American Establishment, by Carroll Quigley, was published in New York by a small anti- Establishment publisher. Quigley was formerly instructor at Princeton and Harvard and then Professor at the School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University. The publisher notes in his introduction that Quigley had been unable to find a major publisher for the manuscript. This is not surprising. The book blows the lid off the British equivalent of The Order.

The Anglo American Establishment has nothing at all to do with the American establishment, which is hardly mentioned, but it has a lot to do with the British establishment. The publisher probably inserted the word "AMERICAN" into the title to enhance marketability in the States. Quigley describes in minute detail the historical operations of the British establishment controlled by a secret society and operating very much as The Order operates in the U.S. This is the real significance of Quigley's explosive book.

The Group

The British secret society, known as "The Group" or just plain "US", was founded at Oxford University, much as The Order was founded at Yale, but without the Masonic mumbo jumbo. As we noted in Memorandum Five, the Group operates in a series of concentric circles and like The Order consists of old line families allied with private merchant bankers, known in the U.S. as investment bankers.

Bearing in mind the proven existence of The Group, the operations of The Order and the kind of penetration it has achieved cannot be explained by mere chance. By examining The Order's operations we can generate a picture of its objectives without access to any internal constitution or statement of objectives even if such exists. It may only be word of mouth.

By contrast, The Group's objective is recorded in Cecil Rhodes' will. It was:

The extension of British rule throughout the world, the perfecting of a system of emigration from the United Kingdom and of colonization by British subjects of all lands wherein the means of livelihood are attainable by energy, labor and enterprise ... and the ultimate recovery of the United States of America as an integral part of the British Empire.

This objective is, of course, ridiculous and somewhat immature, but no less ridiculous and immature than the New World order objective of The Order. Yet The Group has controlled British policy for a hundred years and still does.

Both The Group and The Order have been created by Anglophiles who want to pattern the world on a Hegelian-Anglo hybrid culture. Where the Latins, the Slavs and the Sino races fit is not considered, but clearly these cultures will be disinclined to become pawns of either the British Empire or New England Yankees. Even within the Commonwealth, a voluntary association of nations, it is unlikely that Canada, Australia and New Zealand would accept the constitutional bondage envisaged by Cecil Rhodes. Both secret organizations overlook, and there is a philosophic basis for this neglect, the natural right of any ethnic group, be it white, black or yellow, English, Slavic or Latin, to develop its own culture without coercion.

Unlike this author, Quigley sympathizes with the ends of The Group, although he terms their methods despicable. Both The Group and The Order are unwilling or unable to bring about a global society by voluntary means, so they opted for coercion. To do this they have created wars and revolutions, they have ransacked public treasuries, they have oppressed, they have pillaged, they have lied -- even to their own countrymen.

How have they done this?

Modus Operandi Of The Order

The activities of The Order are directed towards changing our society, changing the world, to bring about a New World Order. This will be a planned order with heavily restricted individual freedom, without Constitutional protection, without national boundaries or cultural distinction.

We deduce this objective by examining and then summing up the actions of individual members: there has been a consistent pattern of activity over one hundred years. Part of this activity has been in cooperation with The Group, with its parallel and recorded objectives.

Now if, for example, we found that the dominant interest of members was raising ducks, that they wrote articles about ducks, bred ducks, sold ducks, formed duck-studying councils, developed a philosophy of ducks, then it would be reasonable to conclude that they had an objective concerning ducks, that this is not mere random activity.

Historically, operations of The Order have concentrated on society, how to change society in a specific manner towards a specific goal: a New World Order. We know the elements in society that will have to be changed in order to bring about this New World order, we can then examine The Order's actions in this context.

More or less these elements would have to be:

Education -- how the population of the future will behave,
Money -- the means of holding wealth and exchanging goods,
Law -- the authority to enforce the will of the state, a world law and a world court is needed for a world state,
Politics -- the direction of the State,
Economy -- the creation of wealth,
History -- what people believe happened in the past,
Psychology -- the means of controlling how people think,
Philanthropy -- so that people think well of the controllers,
Medicine -- the power over health, life and death,
Religion -- people's spiritual beliefs, the spur to action for many,
Media -- what people know and learn about current events,
Continuity -- the power to appoint who follows in your footsteps.

Operations in each of these areas will be detailed in subsequent volumes. For example, in the next volume, The Order Controls Education, we will describe how Daniel Coit Gilman, President of Johns Hopkins University, imported Wundt psychological methods from Germany, then welded education and psychology in the U.S., established laboratories, brought these educational laboratories into major Universities and generated 100s of PhDs to teach the new educational conditioning system. One of the first of these Johns Hopkins doctorates was John Dewey. The result we well know. The educational morass of the '80s where most kids -- not all -- can't spell, read or write, yet can be programmed into mass behaviour channels.

The Order's next move was to control the Foundations. They got all the big ones -- Carnegie, Ford, Peabody, Slater, Russell Sage and so on. That's the topic of another volume. As in education, the modus operandi of The Order was to get in FIRST and set the stage for the future. The initial objective was to establish a direction in an organization. Selection of managers, intuitive or amoral enough to catch on to the direction, kept the momentum going. In the case of Foundations, The Order has usually maintained a continuing presence over decades.

When it comes to activities by individual members, at first sight the pattern is confusing and superficially inconsistent. Let's give some examples:

• Andrew Carnegie profited from war through his vast steel holdings, but under the guidance of member Daniel Coit Gilman, Carnegie was also an enthusiastic president and financial backer of the American Peace Society. This is seemingly inconsistent. Could Carnegie be for war and peace at the same time?
• The League to Enforce the Peace, founded by members William H. Taft and Theodore Marburg, was promoting peace, yet active in urging U.S. participation in World War One. How could the League be for war and peace at the same time?
• In the 1920s, W. Averell Harriman was a prime supporter of the Soviets with finance and diplomatic assistance, at a time when such aid was against State Department regulations. Harriman participated in RUSKOMBANK, the first Soviet commercial bank. Vice-President Max May of Guaranty Trust, dominated by the Harriman-Morgan interests, became the FIRST Vice President of RUSKOMBANK in charge of its foreign operations. In brief, an American banker under guidance of a member of The Order had a key post in a Soviet bank! But we also find that Averell Harriman, his brother Roland Harriman, and members E.S. James and Knight Woolley, through the Union Bank (in which they held a major interest) were prime financial backers of Hitler.

Now our textbooks tell us that Nazis and Soviets were bitter enemies and their systems are opposites. How could a rational man support Soviets and Nazis at the same time? Is Harriman irrational or is the inconsistency explainable?

• The Bundy family (we have a Memorandum on them later) gives us another example of seeming inconsistency. William Bundy was with the Central Intelligence Agency for a decade. McGeorge Bundy was National Security Assistant to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. So the Bundys presumably support U.S.-European policy which is pro-NATO. Yet the Bundys have been linked to activities and organizations which are anti NATO and, indeed, pro-Marxist -- for example, the Institute for Policy Studies. Are the Bundys inconsistent?
• Among individual members of The Order we find a wide variety of publicly proclaimed beliefs, ideologies and politics. William Buckley periodically chews out the Soviets. On the other hand, member John Burtt has been a member of a dozen communist front groups. Member William S. Coffin, Jr. spent three years with CIA and then became a leader of anti-Vietnam war activity through the National Conference for a New Politics and Clergy and Laymen Concerned about Vietnam. In fact, Coffin was one of the Boston Five charged and indicted for conspiracy to violate Federal laws. And, of course, W. Averell Harriman is elder statesman of the Democratic Party.

Quite a mixture of beliefs and activities. Do they reflect inconsistent philosophies? How can The Order have a consistent objective with this potpourri of individual actions?

The answer is, they are not at all inconsistent: because the objective of The Order is above and beyond these actions and in fact needs these seeming contradictions.

The State is Absolute

How can there exist a common objective when members are apparently acting in opposition to one another?

Probably the most difficult task in this work will be to get across to the reader what is really an elementary observation: that the objective of The Order is neither "left" nor "right." "Left" and "right" are artificial devices to bring about change, and the extremes of political left and political right are vital elements in a process of controlled change.

The answer to this seeming political puzzle lies in Hegelian logic. Remember that both Marx and Hitler, the extremes of "left" and "right" presented as textbook enemies, evolved out of the same philosophical system:

Hegelianism. That brings screams of intellectual anguish from Marxists and Nazis, but is well known to any student of political systems.

The dialectical process did not originate with Marx as Marxists claim, but with Fichte and Hegel in late 18th and early 19th century Germany. In the dialectical process a clash of opposites brings about a synthesis. For example, a clash of political left and political right brings about another political system, a synthesis of the two, neither left nor right. This conflict of opposites is essential to bring about change. Today this process can be identified in the literature of the Trilateral Commission where "change" is promoted and "conflict management" is termed the means to bring about this change.

In the Hegelian system conflict is essential. Furthermore, for Hegel and systems based on Hegel, the State is absolute. The State requires complete obedience from the individual citizen. An individual does not exist for himself in these so-called organic systems but only to perform a role in the operation of the State. He finds freedom only in obedience to the State. There was no freedom in Hitler's Germany, there is no freedom for the individual under Marxism, neither will there be in the New World Order. And if it sounds like George Orwell's 1984 -- it is.

In brief, the State is supreme and conflict is used to bring about the ideal society. Individuals find freedom in obedience to the rulers.

So who or what is the State? Obviously it's a self-appointed elite. It is interesting that Fichte, who developed these ideas before Hegel, was a freemason, almost certainly Illuminati, and certainly was promoted by the Illuminati. For example, Johann Wolfgang Goethe (Abaris in the Illuminati code) pushed Fichte for an appointment at Jena University.

Furthermore, the Illuminati principle that the end justifies the means, a principle that Quigley scores as immoral and used by both The Group and The Order, is rooted in Hegel. Even the anonymous Yale student who wrote the verse in Memorandum Three observed this principle at work on the Yale campus.

This, then, is a vital part of our explanation of The Order. When its co-founder, William Russell, was in Germany in 1831-2, there was no way he could have avoided Hegelian theory and discussion. It was the talk of the campus. It swept intellectual Germany like a Pac Man craze. Most Americans haven't heard of it. And those who have don't want to hear any more about it. Why? Because its assumptions are completely at variance with our sense of individual freedom and Constitutional guarantees. Most of us believe the State exists to serve the individual, not vice versa.

The Order believes the opposite to most of us. That is crucial to understanding what they are about. So any discussion between left and right, while essential to promote change, is never allowed to develop into a discussion along the lines of Jeffersonian democracy, i.e., the best government is least government. The discussion and the funding is always towards more state power, use of state power and away from individual rights. So it doesn't matter from the viewpoint of The Order whether it is termed left, right, Democratic, Republican, secular or religious -- so long as the discussion is kept within the framework of the State and the power of the State.

This is the common feature between the seemingly dissimilar positions taken by members -- they have a higher common objective in which clash of ideas is essential. So long as rights of the individual are not introduced into the discussion the clash of ideas generates the conflict necessary for change.

As the objective is also global control, an emphasis is placed on global thinking, i.e., internationalism. This is done through world organizations and world law. The great contribution of the Tafts to The Order was on the world court system and world law -- to the internationalist aspect of the New World Order.

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Memorandum Number Seven: How The Order Relates To The Council On Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission And Similar Organizations

Organizations like the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) do not fit the requirements for a conspiracy. They are simply too large and their membership is not secret. The membership list for The Order has never surfaced until now. Anyone can obtain a list of members for the CFR and the Trilateral Commission. Also, too many people are included as members in these organizations who are just not given to membership in conspiratorial groups.

Certainly there is off-the-record discussion and certainly the general direction of U.S. policy reflects majority thinking in these organizations -- but they are not conspiracies.

Moreover, the CFR and its sister organizations are not geared to action and implementation of policy. Compare, for example, the Brown Brothers, Harriman firm with nine members of The Order and the CFR. Obviously the first is more cohesive, yet more low profile, more able to conceal its actions, yet more action oriented.

The larger open organizations are a forum for discussion, a place where ideas can be kicked around, "a rich man's club", as someone commented, where people can be assessed, where discrete comment and criticism can be made away from a nosy press and a possibly unsympathetic public. They may not be elected bodies, but neither are they conspiracies; they fall in the shadow of a conspiracy. They are neither democratic or dictatorial.

The Role Of The Order

The Order is represented in these organizations but does not always dominate. David Rockefeller, a former chairman of the CFR, is not a member of The Order (only Percy Rockefeller has represented the family), but the present CFR chairman, Winston Lord, is.

We can represent the relationship between The Order and the larger groups as a series of concentric circles. The CFR, etc. form an outer circle, i.e., a penumbra. They exist in a shadow cast by an inner organization. It is this inner organization that needs to be surfaced. The Order is the inner circle and Chapter 322 is a part of this inner circle because it is unlikely Chapter 322 is the only chapter in the U.S. We suspect, but cannot yet prove, at least one other.


How Chapter 322 Of The Order Relates To Other Organizations

In brief, it looks like three segments:

(1) The outer circle, made up of large, open organizations with some membership coming from The Order.

(2) The inner circle, made up of one or more secret societies like Chapter 322. We can only prove one chapter at this time.

(3) The inner core, a secret society within a secret society. This is the inner decision-making core. We cannot prove it exists, but logic suggests that some members of the inner circle will form an executive committee, an action group, an inner core. While we cannot prove the existence of an inner core, there are some obvious candidates for membership and we could hazard a guess as to the identity of the Chairman.

The Outer Circle

The Council on Foreign Relations is the largest organization in the outer circle. It has about 2500 members at any one time, as many as The Order in its entire history. The Trilateral Commission has 200 members world wide, but only 70 in the United States. These are younger organizations. The CFR dates from 1922, The Pilgrims from 1900, The Trilateral Commission from 1973, and the Bilderbergers from the 1950s.

How many members of The Order are in the CFR?

This is not the place for an exhaustive analysis, but a general idea can be gained from looking at names in The Order beginning with the letter "B":

The following are members of The Order and the Council on Foreign Relations:

Jonathan Bingham (Congressman)
William F. Buckley (Editor, National Review and The Order's house conservative)
McGeorge Bundy (Foundation executive)
William Bundy (Central Intelligence Agency)
George Herbert Walker Bush (President of the United States)

The make-up of the Council on Foreign Relations reflects its purpose as a meeting ground, a discussion forum. The CFR mainly consists of government officials, industrialists and academics. The Order has a distinctly different make-up, i.e., many more lawyers, for example, and a wider variety of declared occupations with far fewer industrialists.

The Trilateral Commission

The Trilateral Commission was founded in 1973 by David Rockefeller and comprises 200 members world wide, of whom about 77 are American. There is no overlap among memberships; for example, lumber industrialist Frederick Weyerhaeuser was in The Order, but his son is in the Trilateral Commission and not The Order. Similarly, Robert Taft, Jr., is in the Trilateral Commission but not The Order, even though The Order was co-founded by his great grandfather and eight Tafts have been members. The link is elusive, conceivably there may not be a link.

The Trilateral Commission is not a conspiracy. Its membership list is completely public -- it costs a postage stamp to get one. The Commission publishes dozens of booklets. The organization is completely above ground. In fact, this author has openly debated with George Franklin, Jr., Coordinator of the Trilateral Commission on the radio. Mr. Franklin did show a rather ill-concealed dislike for the assault on his pet global New World Order -- and made the mistake of attempting to disguise this objective, but evasion and hostility do not constitute conspiracy. Conspirators just don't appear on radio talk shows to debate their objectives.

Temporarily the following facts should be held in mind:

• J. Richardson Dilworth, at Room 3600 Rockefeller Plaza, and the Rockefeller Family Associates' chief financial and administrative officer, is a member of The Order.
• Percy Rockefeller (1900) was a member of The Order, but no other Rockefeller name is on the list.

It may be that the Trilateral Commission will prove to be a purely David Rockefeller personal endeavor rather than a broader establishment vehicle. However, Trilateral purposes, as portrayed in the literature, are almost identical to those of The Order. It may be a vehicle to attain an interim goal, i.e., three regional groupings. In this case J. Richardson Dilworth is the conduit and liaison.

Bilderbergers

So far as we can trace, only William F. Buckley is a member of the Bilderbergers and The Order.

Pilgrim Society

The Order does not show up directly on the Executive Committee of The Pilgrim Society, but only through family names, i.e., Aldrich and Pratt. The Pilgrim Society is probably a rather harmless social club using its annual dinners to cement ties between the British and American establishment.

The Inner Circle

Chapter 322 of The Order differs from the CFR, the Trilateral Commission and similar organizations in that it is truly a secret society. Its purposes and membership are not disclosed. It is paranoid about secrecy and in covering its trail.

The circumstances that surround the founding of Scroll & Key in the 1850s suggest this secret society may in fact be Chapter 323. But this is pure speculation. So we have two secret societies that differ extensively from the CFR, Trilaterals and others and which can be seen as making up an inner circle.

Even this inner circle is too large for decision making. No doubt it includes many active or just plain bored members, even many who have forgotten they were ever initiated and who might be shocked to read in this book that they belong to a subversive organization. So logically there is a secret society within the secret society. Again, we cannot prove it, but it's a logical deduction. This would be an executive committee that controls finances and makes basic decisions.

Another important distinction between the outer core and the inner circle is in funding. This is important because funding controls everything. The families in The Order are closer to more foundations and more sources of funding than the Rockefeller family. To be sure, the Rockefeller family has 1 percent of Chase Manhattan stock, enough for control, and it has influence in the Rockefeller Foundation, but this doesn't compare to the centuries long pervasive influence of The Order. Remember, it was The Order that got John D. Rockefeller off the ground with his General Education Board, not the other way round.

It's an open question quite how the Trilaterals fit with The Order. It may be the international aspect of The Order, it may be a Rockefeller dominated group.

Many of these old line families see the Rockefellers as upstarts, as nouveau riche, not quite on the outside looking in, but definitely not socially acceptable without some reservations -- except for their money, of course. Anyone who heard Nelson Rockefeller speak and compared his syntax to the polished charm of a Boston Brahmin will understand. There's a New England saying that "the Lowells only talk to the Cabots and the Cabots only talk to God." The Rockefellers just are not in this league.

And if we may be excused a little gossip: we have been told by several establishment people that David Rockefeller is just "not too bright," and Nelson Rockefeller was the only man in America who could torture the English language to the extent of placing two "non sequiters" in one sentence.

If we were to look back to 1983 from the year 2083, it could be that the Rockefellers will have followed in the footsteps of the Carnegies and the Morgans. Names in dusty files but no longer represented in the power group.

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Memorandum Number Eight: The Chain Of Influence

Initiates into The Order are assured of career advancement and success, even wealth, providing they follow the rule "to get along you must go along".

Intermarriage consolidates the power of the families and expands their span of influence.

Finally, a chain of influence spread over many years guarantees continuity and must be extraordinarily impressive to any new initiate who doubts the power of The Order.

We can identify two types of influence chains: a horizontal chain and a vertical chain. Both types are duplicated many times, for the moment we'll give a single example.

Horizontal Chains of Influence

Members of The Order are to be found in every segment of society: in education, in foundations, in politics, in government, industry, law and finance. Consequently, at any time The Order can tap influence in any area of society. The occupational breakdown of The Order demonstrates the great breadth of this horizontal chain of influence. The major occupations of members are law, education, business, finance and industry.

Approximately, the breakdown is as follows:

Occupation / Percent of members involved (approximately)
Law: 18 percent
Education: 16 percent
Business: 16 percent
Finance: 15 percent
Industry: 12 percent
77 percent

The Chain of Influence: How It Works

Members of THE ORDER
William Collins Whitney (1863)
Henry Lewis Stimson (1888)
William Howard Taft (1878)
Charles A. White (1854)
Harvey Hollister Bundy (1909)
William Putney Bundy (1939)
McGeorge Bundy (1940)
James Jeremiah Wadsworth (1927)
Harold Howe II (1940)

Non members of THE ORDER
Elihu Root (Whitneys' lawyer)
Marcus Raskin (aid to Bundy)
Dean Acheson (Scroll & Key)

W.C. WHITNEY
E Root "A" Whitney attorney
Sec. of Navy
New York Railroad scandals

H.L. STIMSON
"B"
Joins Root law firm
"D"
Taft's Sec. of War
"E"
Hoover's Sec. of State
"F"
Roosevelt's Sec. of War

"C"=Mabel (d. Charles A. White)
Harvey BUNDY
"G"
Spec. Ass't to Stimson

McGeorge BUNDY
"H"
Joint book w/Stimson
CFR Harvard
Ass't for National Security
Ford Foundation

William BUNDY
CIA
Ass't Sec. Defense
State

In other words, these five occupations account for over three quarters of the membership, and these are the key fields for control of society.

Government and politics account for only about 3 percent at any one time. This is misleading, as any member in the above five fields can find himself temporarily in and out of government through the "revolving door" phenomenon.

The Church accounts for only 2 percent of members. These are concentrated in the Union Theological Seminary (the so-called "Red Seminary") and the Yale School of Divinity.

Notably the areas of society least represented are those with the least ability to influence the structural direction of society. They may give depth and richness to society, but are not essential to its control and direction. For example, very, very few engineers have ever been members of The Order -- we only identified five engineers in the 150 year span. Yet engineering and technology are key elements to the success of the material aspects of American society. Art, architecture, and music are under-represented. We can only identify 16 members in these three occupations over 150 years. Again, these occupations are not influential in determining the structure of society. Farmers are under-represented; only 16 in 150 years, but we suspect some took up farming to get away from The Order.

In brief: at any one time The Order can call on members in any area of American society to do what has to be done.

Vertical Chains of Influence

A tribute to the success of The Order has been an ability to implement one of its principles. This principle is:

"That only he who wears upon his breast, Their emblem, he for every post shall be considered best."

The practice of absolute preferment for members of The Order has worked to perpetuate its influence over time in a remarkable manner. Before we look at this chain of influence we need to look at some basic statistics. The Order has only initiated about 2500 members in its history in the United States. Each year 15 new members are initiated, no more, no less. On the other hand, between 800,000 and 1 million persons receive college degrees each year from an institute of higher learning, including about 30,000 doctorates.

When you follow the chain of influence below, hold in mind that out of 30-40 million degree holders, a few hundred men (never women) or in this case less than a dozen men, are presumed to be the only ones fit to occupy top posts in government. No one else is even seriously considered. We are asked to believe that only a few hundred members of The Order are capable of guiding the United States.

If we assume a random distribution of ability throughout the United States, then our evidence cannot be accounted for by chance. It must reflect, just on the basis of mathematical laws of average, a conscious series of choices. Unless you want to assume that all wisdom and all ability in the United States is generated solely by 15 Yale graduates each year. And that gets you back to the argument of this book.


ON
ACTIVE SERVICE
IN PEACE AND WAR
BY
HENRY L. STIMSON
Secretary of War 1911-13 Secretary of State 1929-33
Secretary of War 1940-45
AND
McGEORGE BUNDY
Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows
Harvard University

HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK

On Active Service In Peace And War
authored by two members of The Order

Furthermore, there are approximately 2500 institutions of higher learning in the United States. Are we to believe that only one of these institutions can generate the talent to lead the country?

The Whitney-Stimson-Bundy-Acheson Chain of Influence

Four families provide an example of one such chain of influence. Multiply this chain by a few dozen and you readily see how control is perpetuated by a small group. The families in this chain are Whitney, Stimson, Acheson and Bundy. The Acheson family is only partly in The Order. Dean Acheson was a member of Scroll & Key at Yale. This is an offshoot of The Order and at least influenced by it. Dean Acheson's daughter, Mary Acheson, married William Bundy (The Order). Dean Acheson's son, David, is a member of The Order.

(1) We start with the Whitneys in the late 19th century. Whitney (The Order), along with Ryan and a handful of other capitalists, have been heavily criticized in several books on grounds of massive corruption and fraud. New York street railway franchises generated enormous profits for the Whitney group. When Whitney was Secretary of the Navy he promoted a giant naval ship building program -- which didn't hurt his friends who owned shipyards and steel mills.

Whitney's attorney and close associate was Elihu Root. Although not a member of The Order, Root has been called "Whitney's artful attorney" (Point "A" on our chart). Root, one of the sharpest legal minds in American history and a power in his own right, worked along with the purposes of The Order.

(2) 1n 1890 along comes young Henry Stimson, fresh out of Yale, The Order, and Harvard Law School. Stimson joins Root's law firm -- B"), then called Root & Clark. After a while, in 1897, it became mown as Root, Howard, Winthrop & Stimson and by 1901 it became Winthrop and Stimson. In the meantime ("C"), Stimson married Mabel White daughter of Charles A. White (The Order).

Stimson proved he was capable in the law and when Taft (The Order) was looking for a Secretary of War in 1911, he appointed Stimson (The Order), which brings us to Point "D."

Then Stimson's career went like this:

• As Secretary of War Stimson completed a reorganization begun by his predecessor none other than Elihu Root.
• From 1917 to 1922 Stimson was in the Army, with ranks up to Brigadier General.
• In 1927 Coolidge appointed Stimson Governor-General of the Philippine Islands.
• In 1929 Herbert Hoover appointed Stimson Secretary of State (Point "E" on the chart).
• In 1940 Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed Stimson Secretary of War (Point "F" on the chart).
• In 1945, as Truman's Secretary of War, Stimson recommended the atomic bomb drops on Japan.

(3) During World War II Stimson had a special assistant -- Harvey Hollister Bundy (The Order), (Point "G"). Special Assistant Harvey Bundy was the key Pentagon man on the Manhattan Project and was Stimson's constant companion to conferences in North Africa, Italy and Germany.

(4) While Stimson was still Secretary of War he brought Harvey Hollister's son, McGeorge Bundy (The Order), into the Pentagon to work on a book manuscript ("H" on the chart). This was published in 1948, entitled On Active Service In Peace And War. The joint authorship (see illustration) gave McGeorge Bundy a quick start in his career, as we shall describe in the next Memorandum when we pick up the career of the two younger Bundys, both members of The Order.

In a nutshell:

• Stimson was appointed to government offices by every President, except Harding, from 1911 to 1946, i.e., Taft, Wilson, Coolidge, Hoover, Roosevelt, and Truman.
• Stimson used his office to advance the career of fellow members of The Order, in particular Harvey Hollister Bundy and his son, McGeorge Bundy.