Part 3 of 3
MediaThe Waco siege has been the subject of numerous documentary films and books. The first film was a made-for-television docudrama film, In the Line of Duty: Ambush in Waco, which was made during the siege, before the April 19 assault on the church, and presented the government's view of the initial ambush of February 28, 1993. The writer, Phil Penningroth, has since disowned his screenplay.[126] The first book about the incident was 1993's Inside the Cult co-authored by ex-Branch Davidian Marc Breault, who left the group in September 1989, and Martin King who interviewed Koresh for Australian TV in 1992. In July 1993, true crime author Clifford L. Linedecker published his book Massacre at Waco, Texas. Shortly after, in 1994, a collection of 45 essays called From the Ashes: Making Sense of Waco was published, about the events of Waco from various cultural, historical, and religious perspectives. The essays in the book include one by Michael Barkun that talked about how the Branch Davidians' behavior was consistent with other millenarian religious sects and how the use of the word cult is used to discredit religious organizations, one by James R. Lewis that discussed the large amount of evidence there was that the FBI lit the fires, and many others. All of these perspectives, however, are united in the belief that the deaths of the Branch Davidians at Waco could have been prevented and that "the popular demonization of nontraditional religious movements in the aftermath of Waco represents a continuing threat to freedom of religion".[127] Other scholarly articles after the tragedy also condemned the government's actions, especially on the day of the final siege, but also on the days leading up to it. An article by Stuart A. Wright that was published in Nova Religio discussed how the FBI mishandled the situation, saying that "there is no greater example of misfeasance than the failure of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to bring about a bloodless resolution to the 51-day standoff".[128] Some of Wright's major concerns about the operation include that the FBI officials, especially Dick Rogers, behaved increasingly aggressively and impatiently, when the conflict could have been resolved by more peaceful negotiation. He mentions that Dick Rogers said in an interview with the FBI that "[W]hen we started depriving them, [we were] really driving people closer to him [Koresh] because of their devotion to him",[128] which was different from what he said in the Department of Justice report. Because of these tactics, Wright says, pressure was added unnecessarily, creating conflict.
The first documentary film that was critical of the official reports were Waco, the Big Lie,[129] and Waco II, the Big Lie Continues, both produced by Linda Thompson. Thompson's films made a number of controversial allegations, the most famous of which was her claim that footage of an armored vehicle breaking through the outer walls of the compound, with an appearance of orange light on its front,[130] was showing a flamethrower attached to the vehicle, setting fire to the building. As a response to Thompson, Michael McNulty released footage to support his counter-claim that the appearance of light was a reflection on aluminized insulation that was torn from the wall and snagged on the vehicle. (The vehicle is an M728 CEV, which is not normally equipped with a flamethrower.[131]). McNulty accused Thompson of "creative editing" in his film Waco: An Apparent Deviation. Thompson worked from a VHS copy of the surveillance tape; McNulty was given access to a beta original. However, McNulty in turn was later accused of having digitally altered his footage, an allegation he denied.[132] The next film was Day 51: The True Story of Waco, produced by Richard Mosley and featuring Ron Cole, a self-proclaimed militia member from Colorado who was later prosecuted for weapons violations.[133] Thompson's and Mosley's films, along with extensive coverage given to the Waco siege on some talk radio shows, galvanized support for the Branch Davidians among some sections of the right including the nascent militia movement, while critics on the left also denounced the government siege on civil liberties grounds. America Wake Up (Or Waco) is a 2000 film by radio host and conspiracy theorist Alex Jones that documents the incident.
In 1997, filmmakers Dan Gifford and Amy Sommer produced their Emmy Award-winning documentary, Waco: The Rules of Engagement,[92] presenting a history of the Branch Davidian movement and a critical examination of the conduct of law enforcement, both leading up to the raid and through the aftermath of the fire. The film features footage of the Congressional hearings on Waco, and the juxtaposition of official government spokespeople with footage and evidence often directly contradicting the spokespeople. In the documentary, Dr. Edward Allard (who held patents on FLIR technology) maintained that flashes on the FBI's infra-red footage were consistent with grenade launcher and automatic small arms fire from FBI positions at the back of the complex toward the locations which would have been exits for Branch Davidians attempting to flee the fire. Waco: The Rules of Engagement was nominated for a 1997 Academy Award for best documentary and was followed by another film in 1999, Waco: A New Revelation.[134] In 2001, another Michael McNulty documentary, The F.L.I.R. Project, researched the aerial thermal images recorded by the FBI, and using identical FLIR equipment recreated the same results as were recorded by federal agencies April 19, 1993. Subsequent government-funded studies[135] contend that the infra-red evidence does not support the view that the FBI improperly used incendiary devices or fired on Branch Davidians. Infra-red experts continue to disagree and filmmaker Amy Sommer stands by the original conclusions presented in Waco: The Rules of Engagement.
The documentary The Assault on Waco was first aired in 2006 on the Discovery Channel, detailing the entire incident. A British-American documentary, Inside Waco, was produced jointly by Channel 4 and HBO in 2007, attempting to show what really happened inside by piecing together accounts from the parties involved. Branch Davidian survivor David Thibodeau wrote his account of life in the group and of the siege in the book A Place Called Waco, published in 1999. The City of God: A New American Opera, an opera by Joshua Armenta dramatizing the negotiations between the FBI and Koresh, premiered in 2012, utilizing actual transcripts from the negotiations as well as biblical texts and hymns from the Davidian hymnal.[136] In 2015, Retro Report released a mini documentary looking back at Waco and how it has fueled many right-wing militias.[137]
In 2011, the English indie rock band The Indelicates released their third album David Koresh Superstar. It is a concept album about Koresh and the Waco siege.[138]
In 2018, the Paramount Network aired a six-part miniseries based on the siege starring Michael Shannon and Taylor Kitsch.[139][140]
References1. Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh, September 1993, PDF of actual report, p. 8.
2. Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh, September 1993, p. 1, 9, 11, 213.
3. Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh. September 1993. pp. 51, 77.
4. Justin Sturken and Mary Dore (February 28, 2007). "Remembering the Waco Siege". ABC News. Retrieved 2008-06-23.
5. Wright, Stuart A. (September 20, 1995). Armageddon in Waco: Critical Perspectives on the Branch Davidian Conflict. University of Chicago Press. p. 269. ISBN 978-0-226-90844-1.
6. JSmyrl, Vivian Elizabeth. "Elk, Texas". Handbook of Texas – Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
7. Ames, Eric S (May 4, 2009). Images of America WACO. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-7131-7.
8. Dick J. Reavis, The Ashes of Waco: An Investigation (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), p.13. ISBN 0-684-81132-4
9. Gennaro Vito, Jeffrey Maahs,Criminology: Theory, Research, and Policy, Edition 3, revised, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2011, ISBN 0-7637-6665-8, 9780763766658, P. 340
10. "Scholars tackle "cult" questions 20 years after Branch Davidian tragedy – WacoTrib.com: Religion". WacoTrib.com. 2013-04-13. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
11. [Psychotherapy Networker, March/April 2007, "Stairway to Heaven; Treating children in the crosshairs of trauma." Excerpt from the book The Boy Who Was Raised as a Dog by Bruce Perry and Maia Szalavitz.
12. "Adventists kicked out cult, leader". Chicago Tribune. March 1993. After spending two years regrouping in Palestine, Texas, Koresh returned to Mt. Carmel ...
13. Jordan Bonfante in Los Angeles; Sally B. Donnelly in Waco; Michael Riley in Waco; Richard N. Ostling in New York (15 March 1993). "Cult of Death". TIME magazine (TIME.com). Retrieved November 1, 2010. It ended with Howell being driven from the sect at gunpoint. He briefly established his own desolate congregation, living with them in tents and packing crates in nearby Palestine, Texas.
14. Clifford L. Linedecker, Masscre at Waco, Texas, St. Martin's Press, 1993, page 70-76. ISBN 0-312-95226-0.
15. Marc Breault and Martin King, Inside the Cult, Signet, 1st Printing June 1993, ISBN 978-0-451-18029-2. (Australian edition entitled Preacher of Death).
16. Ashley Fantz. "Who was David Koresh? - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
17. Clifford L. Linedecker, Masscre at Waco, Texas, St. Martin's Press, 1993, page 94. ISBN 0-312-95226-0.
18. Ten years after Waco, People Weekly, April 28, 2003
19. Waco Tribune-Herald, "The Sinful Messiah", February 27, 1993.
20. Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians/Section 2|Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians: II. The ATF Investigation.
21. Steve Higgins (July 2, 1995). "The Waco Dispute – Why the ATF Had to Act". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
22. Neil Rawles (February 2, 2007). Inside Waco (Television documentary). Channel 4/HBO.
23. Marc Smith, "Agent allegedly refused Koresh's offer," Houston Chronicle, September 11, 1993; "Gun Dealer Alerted Koresh to ATF Probe, Lawyer Says," Houston Post, Associated Press, September 11, 1993.
24. Henry McMahon, Testimony, 1995 Congressional Hearings on Waco, part 1, pp. 162–63. Stuart H. Wright, Editor of Armageddon at Waco, and Robert Sanders, former ATF Deputy Director, also remarked on the ATF refusal of Koresh's offer in testimony.
25. Darlene McCormick, "Sheriff says he did not curb probe," Waco Tribune-Herald, October 10, 1993.
26. "Tripped Up By Lies: A report paints a devastating portrait of ATF's Waco planning – or, rather, the lack of it", Time, October 11, 1993.
27. Rep Hughes, William J. (1986). "H.AMDT.777 to H.R.4332". Library of Congress THOMAS. Retrieved August 3,2010.
28. Search Warrant W93-15M for the "residence of Vernon Wayne Howell, and others", signed by U.S. Judge or Magistrate Dennis G. Green, dated 25 February 1993 8:43 pm at Waco, Texas
29. Theodore H. Fiddleman, David B. Kopel (June 28, 1993). "TF's basis for the assault on Waco is shot full of holes – Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms fatal attack on the Branch Davidian complex in Waco, Texas – Column". Insight on the News. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
30. Cohen, W. S.; Reno, J. F.; Summers, L. H. (August 26, 1999). "Military Assistance Provided at Branch Davidian Incident" (PDF). Report to the Secretary of Defense, the Attorney General, and the Secretary of the Treasury. United States General Accounting Office.
31. Thomas R. Lujan, "Legal Aspects of Domestic Employment of the Army," Parameters U.S. Army War College Quarterly, Autumn 1997, Vol. XXVII, No. 3.
32. Eric Christensen (June 18, 2001). "Reno's halfway house". Insight on the News.
33. Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell Also Known as David Koresh, September 1993, PDF of actual report, pp. 9–10.
34. Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell also known as David Koresh, September, 1993, p. 136-40.
35. Albert K Bates (Summer 1995). "Showtime At Waco". Communities Magazine. Thefarm.org. Archived from the original on July 21, 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
36. Jump up^ Clifford L. Linedecker, Massacre at Waco, Texas, St. Martin's Paperback's, July 1993. ISBN 978-0-86369-713-5.
37. "Agents prepared for worst before Waco raid". Associated Press. July 5, 2000. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
38. Davidian Criminal Trial Transcripts, Richardson – Cross (Mr. Rentz), pp. 2054–2055.
39. Bovard, James (May 15, 1995). "Not So Wacko", The New Republic: "Rolland Ballestros, one of the first ATF agents out of the cattle trucks, told Texas Rangers and Waco police shortly after the raid that he thought the first shots came from agents aiming at the Davidians' dogs."
40. House of Representatives report, "c. Pre-raid military assistance requested by ATF and assistance actually received". Also Section 4, chapters "1.3.5 5. True Army National Guard role only made clear 24 hours prior to the raid"and "1.5.2 2. Were shots fired from the helicopters?". Also final version of Danforth report, pages 24–25 (footnote 26), 33, 42–43, 132, 134.
41. Waco: The Rules of Engagement
42. Chuck Hustmyre, "Trojan Horse: Inside the ATF raid at Waco, Texas," TruTV Crime Library, 2003. An account by an ATF agent, Chuck Hustmyre, who was part of the raiding party.
43. William Gazecki (2003). Waco – The Rules of Engagement (Film documentary). New Yorker Video.
44. Coulson, Danny O & Shannon, Elaine, No Heroes ISBN 0-671-02062-5
45. "Report and Recommendations. Concerning the Handling of Incidents Such As the Branch Davidian Standoff in Waco Texas". October 10, 1993. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
46. FBI, "Project Megiddo," January 31, 2000, page 29; United States Department of Justice, "Operation Megiddo" November 2, 1999. A strategic assessment of the potential for domestic terrorism in the United States undertaken in anticipation of, or response to, the arrival of the new millennium.
47. Report of the Department of the Treasury on the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms Investigation of Vernon Wayne Howell also known as David Koresh, September, 1993, Appendix D, 136–140.
48. FBI. "Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas/Child Abuse". Retrieved 2009-01-08.
49. Nick Davies (January 14, 1994). "Lost in America". The Guardian.
50. Waco: The Rules of Engagement contains several sequences taken from the FBI negotiation videotape.
51. PBS Frontline Waco Timeline from the government report "Evaluation of the Handling of the Branch Davidian Stand-off in Waco, Texas, February 28 to April 19, 1993" by Edward S. G. Dennis, Jr. October 8, 1993, at 11. Footage from this tape was later obtained and used in the documentary Waco: The Rules of Engagement.
52. Testimony to the Subcommitee on National Security et al., loc cite. Congressional Record, July, 1995.
53. "U.S. ignores religion's fringes". USA Today. October 4, 2001. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
54. Jump up^ Lee Hancock, "No Easy Answers: Law Authorities Puzzle over Methods to End Branch Davidians Siege," Dallas Morning News, April 15, 1993.
55. FBI. "Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas/Attitudes of Koresh and others in the Compound". Retrieved 2009-01-08.
56. Bill Clinton, My Life, Alfred A. Knopf, Vintage Books (Random House), ISBN 1-4000-3003-X, 2005. Pages 497–499.
57. "Joe Rosenbloom III, "Waco: More than Simple Blunders?," Wall Street Journal, October 17, 1995". Pbs.org. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
58. Interoffice Memorandum Memo to Bruce Casteel, Chief, Texas Rangers, from Earl R. Pearson, Captain, Texas Rangers, Company "A," dated September 3, 1999, in Texas Rangers, Department of Public Safety, Branch Davidian Evidence, Investigative Report No. 2, January 2000.
59. Texas Rangers, Department of Public Safety, Branch Davidian Evidence, Investigative Report No. 1, September 1999; Investigative Report No. 2, January 2000 (PDFs available at Texas Rangers website). The Army considers the M651 a pyrotechnic device and that it is known to cause fires, note that the Army does not have a formal definition for "pyrotechnic device" (from Casteel memo). Army Tech Manual for the M651 (TM 3-1310-243-10 January 1975) warns the M651 can penetrate 3/4" plywood at 200 meters and "projectile may explode upon target impact." During inventory of the Waco evidence the Texas Rangers also found flash bang grenades in FBI evidence envelopes labelled as Branch Davidian silencers.
60. "Tanks, chemicals couldn't break resolve of cultists", Associated Press, Washington Times, April 23, 1993.
61. "Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas/The Aftermath of the April 19 Fire ("The Fire Development Analysis" section)". Retrieved 2012-04-25.
62. Waco: The Rules of Engagement, 1997 film directed by William Gazecki, produced by Michael McNulty. Congressional testimony and interviews of Branch Davidian survivors David Thibodeau, Clive Doyle and Derek Lovelock.
63. David Thibodeau, A Place Called Waco: A Survivor's Story, Public Affairs 1999, ISBN 1-891620-42-8.
64. "Koresh's Top Aide Killed Cult Leader, FBI Official Says". highbeam.com. September 5, 1993.
65. Daniel Klaidman & Michael Isikoff (July 20, 1999), "A fire that won't die", Newsweek
66. cesnur.org "Final report to the Deputy Attorney General concerning the 1993 confrontation at the Mt. Carmel Complex, Waco Texas," by John C. Danforth, special counsel. Issued November 8, 2000
67. Newport, Kenneth G. C.The Branch Davidians of Waco: The History and Beliefs of an Apocalyptic Sect, 294–301 (The FBI transcript quote is on page 298.) (Oxford University Press, 2006). ISBN 0-19-924574-6, ISBN 978-0-19-924574-1
68. nytimes.com
69. A team of independent arson investigator assembled by the Texas Rangers. "Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas/Appendix D". Archived from the original on April 11, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
70. "C. Identification of Bodies/Medical Examiner Reports". Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas. April 3, 1993. Archived from the original on March 8, 2008. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
71. United States General Accounting Office, GAO Report to the House Subcommittee on Treasury, USE OF FORCE: ATF Policy, Training and Review Process Are Comparable to DEA's and FBI's, March 1996, page 49.
72. Mabin, Connie (April 19, 2000). "Branch Davidians hope a new church can close wounds". The Independent. London.
73. p. 7403 of the trial transcripts.
74. The British Waco survivors'- The Sunday Times December 14, 2008.
75. United States v. Branch
76. United States v. Castillo, 179 F.3d 321 (5th Cir. 1999)
77. Castillo v. United States, 530 U.S. 120 (2000)
78. Staff reports, "Davidians have prison terms cut", The Dallas Morning News, September 20, 2000.
79. Six Branch Davidians due for Release 13 Years After Waco Inferno, FoxNews, April 19, 2006; personal letter to Carol Moore from Livingstone Fagan, June 2007.
80. "United States vs. Branch". August 2, 1996 – via caselaw.findlaw.com.
81.
https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar_ca ... AMIJygAMAA82. Zulaika, J. and W.A. Douglass. 1996. Terror and Taboo: The Follies, Fables, and Faces of Terrorism: Routledge.
83. Johnstone, Nick (December 12, 2004). "Beyond Belief". The Observer. London. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
84. Wright, S.A. 1995. Armageddon in Waco: Critical Perspectives on the Branch Davidian Conflict: University of Chicago Press.
85. Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas February 28 to April 19, 1993 (Report). United States Department of Justice. October 8, 1993. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
86. MacWilliams, Mark (2005). "Symbolic Resistance to the Waco Tragedy on the Internet". Nova Religio. University of California Press. 8 (3): 59–82. doi:10.1525/nr.2005.8.3.59.
87. Weitzman, Steven P. 2013. "Religious Studies and the FBI: Adventures in Academic Interventionism". Journal of the American Academy of Religion 81 (4): 959–995.
88. Gladwell, Malcolm (March 31, 2014). "Sacred and Profane". The New Yorker. New York. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
89. "James Bovard, "Not So Wacko", The New Republic, May 15, 1995". Jimbovard.com. 2007-04-19. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
90. Robert Bryce (August 18, 2000). "Prying Open the Case of the Missing Door". The Austin Chronicle. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
91. House investigators determined that "someone" at BATF lied to the military about the Davidians being involved with drugs in order to get U.S. Army Special Forces and other military aid, in violation of the Posse Comitatus Act. Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs, and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight and the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary at the Oversight Hearings on Federal Law Enforcement Conduct in Relation to the Branch Davidian Compound near Waco, Texas, and appended documents, Congressional Record, July, 1995.
92. "Waco: The Rules of Engagement" Official site of documentary.
93. House of Representatives report, Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians, Section 5, note 168: "ATF did not mention a drug lab or possession of illegal drugs as suspected crimes in its search warrant."
94. Diana R. Fuentes, "Davidian Told Grand Jury of Arming before the Raid," San Antonio Express-News, February 16, 1994, 4A.
95. Katherine Ramsland. "David Koresh: Millennial Violence". trutv.com. Archived from the original on March 10, 2005. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
96. Graeme Craddock Testimony on Waco Fire, October 1999 civil suit deposition regarding April 19, 1993 fire at Branch Davidian home and church.
97. Brigitte Lebens Nacos (2002). Mass-mediated terrorism: the central role of the media in terrorism and counterterrorism(illustrated ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 168–169. ISBN 978-0-7425-1083-8.
98. Koresh's Lawyer Critical of Danforth Report Archived August 17, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., UPI, July 22, 2000
99. Lichtblau, Eric (July 22, 2000). "Report Clears Feds in Deaths of Davidians". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 27,2010. (page 3 in the link)
100. Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians: V. Military involvement in the Government operations at WACO
101. House of Representatives report, Activities of Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Toward the Branch Davidians/Section 5, section about equipment for raiding a methamphetamine lab being used or not by ATF agents the day of the raid.
102. Hustmyre, Chuck. "Chuck Hustmyre, "Trojan Horse: Inside the ATF raid at Waco, Texas," TruTV Crime Library, 2003". Trutv.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
103. Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas Appendix B. List of Military Personnel and Equipment Archived March 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
104. FBI brings out secret electronics weapons as Waco siege drags on, by James Adams. The Sunday Times, p. 23, March 21, 1993
105. "SAS history and operations list". Sasspecialairservice.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
106. Evaluation of the Handling of the Branch Davidian Stand-off in Waco, Texas. (section "3. FBI Restraint")Archived May 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Edward S.G. Dennis, Jr.
107. Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas Archived March 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. Appendix F Copy of indictment.
108. US Treasury Department July 13, 1995 Memorandum to the Press "Weapons Possessed by the Branch Davidians."
109. Part 1 of "Investigative Report #2," EXHNUM 001037, 001383, 001525, and also 000768, 002247, and 002248
110. "Texas Rangers Branch Davidian Evidence Reports", Texas Department of Public Safety, released online September 1999 and January 2000.
111. David Kopel. "Can Soldiers Be Peace Officers? The Waco Disaster and The Militarization of American Law Enforcement".
112. Victoria Loe (March 14, 1993). "FBI'S "A-Team" Plying Varied Skills in Sect Talks But Experts Say Obstacles Numerous". The Dallas Morning News.
113. Brady Campaign "Selling High Powered Military Weapons in the Suburbs" [1].
114. VPC Criminal Use of the .50 Caliber Sniper Rifle "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 2, 2011. Retrieved 2009-03-22..
115. Office of Special Investigations, U.S. General Accounting Office, Briefing Paper: Criminal Activity Associated with .50 Caliber Semiautomatic Rifles, Number, presented to GAO/OSI-99-15R of the U.S. House Committee on Government Reform, July 15, 1999 p. 5 [2].
116. Whitcomb, Christopher. Cold Zero: Inside the FBI Hostage Rescue Team. ISBN 0-552-14788-5
117. Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck, American Terrorist: Timothy McVeigh & The Oklahoma City Bombing (New York: ReganBooks, 2001); ISBN 0-06-039407-2
118. Prior to 9–11, the deadliest act of terror against the United States was the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which killed 189 Americans.
119. Agent describes Waco video found in Nichols' home Archived June 3, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., CNN and Associated Press, November 17, 1997. Retrieved March 15, 2008, "A key government witness, Michael Fortier, has testified that Nichols and Timothy McVeigh, his Army pal and convicted Oklahoma City bomber, began plotting the bombing in response to the government's deadly raid on the Branch Davidian compound." (see archived copy)
120. Vidal, Gore (2001). "The Meaning of Timothy McVeigh". Vanity Fair (September). Archived from the original on March 20, 2007.
121. Lopez, Pat. Presentation: OKC National Memorial. July 2012. DVD Recording. Oklahoma City National Memorial Center Archives, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Acc. No. 397.5.078.
122. "Boston, Oklahoma City, Waco: Why Patriots Day? - CNN.com". Edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
123. "Texas Explosion Casts Pall Over Waco – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. 2013-04-18. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
124. "Boston Marathon Explosion Date Evokes Oklahoma City, Columbine, Waco And Hitler's Birthday". Ibtimes.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
125. "Fox And CNN Speculate Link To Boston Marathon Bombing: Waco And Oklahoma City Were On Patriots' Day". Mediaite. 2013-04-15. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
126. Penningroth, Phil (2001-08-25). "Righting Waco: Confessions of a Hollywood Propagandist < Killing the Buddha". Killingthebuddha.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28.
127. Lewis, James (1994-01-01). From the Ashes: Making Sense of Waco. Rowman & Littlefield.
128. Wright, Stuart A. (2003-10). "A Decade After Waco: Reassessing Crisis Negotiations at Mount Carmel in Light of New Government Disclosures". Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions, Vol. 7, No. 2. Check date values in: |date= (help)
129. Waco: The big lie, documentary, Google Video.
130. captainwess (November 10, 2010). "Bill Hicks Waco Bradley Tank Setting Fire To The Compound" – via YouTube.
131. Ewing, Phillip; Hoffman, Michael (May 30, 2009). "Flamethrowing Tanks Gave U.S. the Edge on Iwo Jima". Marine Corps Tankers Association. Archived from the original on June 14, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
132. [3]
133. Day 51 Waco Tragedy Memorial & Information, link to film[dead link]
134. Waco: a new revelation, official site of the documentary.
135.
136. Larry Bangs, Review of "The City of God", DC Theatre Scene.com, July 15, 2012.
137. Retro Report. "The Shadow of Waco". Retro Report. Retro Report. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
138. "David Koresh Superstar". corporaterecords.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
139. "EPIC SCRIPTED EVENT SERIES "WACO," LANDS ON SPIKE TV". Spike. October 26, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
140. Pedersen, Erik (August 30, 2016). "Michael Shannon & Taylor Kitsch Topline Weinstein Co. Series 'Waco', Based On 1993 Siege". Deadline. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
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• "Recommendations of Experts for Improvements in Federal Law Enforcement after Waco," October 8, 1993 (Washington: USDOJ, 1993). ISBN 0-16-042974-9 (not available online)
• Wikicommons FBI photos of April 19, 1993 siege and fire at Mount Carmel
• "Branch Davidian Negotiation Transcript from April 18," the day before the 1993 FBI actions and the Mount Carmel fire.
• "Report and Recommendations. Concerning the Handling of Incidents Such As the Branch Davidian Standoff in Waco Texas", Alan A. Stone, M.D., November 10, 1993. (Also known as "Stone Report") (full copy including all documents, appendixes, press release, exhibits, etc.)
• "House of Representatives Report 104-749 – s:Activities of federal law enforcement agencies toward the Branch Davidians." Joint report by the House of Representatives' Committee on Government Reform and Oversight and Committee on the Judiciary's July 2005 hearings. (Or see Government printing office PDF.)
• "Joint Hearings before the Subcommittee on Crime of the Committee on the Judiciary House of Representatives and the Subcommittee on National Security, International Affairs and Criminal Justice of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Secession." Part 1 – July 19, 20, 21, 24: PDF; Part 2 – July 25, 26, 27: PDF; Part 3 – July 28, 31, August 1: PDF
• "Department of Defense: Military Assistance During the Branch Davidian Incident," August 21, 2000 letter from Carol R. Schuster of National Security Preparedness Issues, to Dan Burton, Chairman of the Committee on Government Reform. PDF version
• "Remarks to Federal Law Enforcement" regarding the House hearings, July 20, 1995 by Bill Clinton
• "The aftermath of Waco: changes in federal law enforcement. Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Fourth Congress. October 31 and November 1, 1995." Link to online and PDF versions.
• "Final report to the Deputy Attorney General concerning the 1993 confrontation at the Mt. Carmel Complex, Waco Texas," by John C. Danforth, special counsel. Issued November 8, 2000. (Also known as the "Danforth Report.") (cesnur.org copy, linked from PBS report [4])
• "House Report 106-1037 – The Tragedy at Waco: New Evidence Examined, Committee on Government Reform. Thursday, December 28, 2000."
• Sacred and Profane: How not to negotiate with believers by Malcolm Gladwell, New Yorker, March 31, 2014
Legal proceedings• United States v. Branch, W.D. Texas Criminal Case No. 6:93cr46, trial transcript January 10, 1994 – February 26, 1994; 91 F.3d 699 (5th Cir. 1996)
• United States v. Castillo, 179 F.3d 321 (1999); Castillo v. United States, 120 S.Ct. 2090 (2000); on remand, 220 F.3d 648 (5th Cir. 2000)
• Andrade v. United States, W.D. Texas Civil Action No. W-96-CA-139, trial transcript June 19, 2000 – July 14, 2000; 116 F.Supp.2d 778 (W.D. Tex. 2000)
• Andrade v. Chojnacki, 338 F.3d 448 (5th Cir. 2003)
• Graeme Craddock Testimony on Waco Fire, October 1999 civil suit deposition regarding April 19, 1993 fire at Branch Davidian home and church.
Books[edit]
• Anthony, D. and T. Robbins (1997). "Religious totalism, exemplary dualism and the Waco tragedy." In Robbins and Palmer 1997, 261–284.
• Bell, Randall (2009). Strategy 360. Laguna Beach, CA: Owners Manual Press. ISBN 978-1-933969-16-9.
• Christopher Whitcomb. Cold Zero: Inside the FBI Hostage Rescue Team. ISBN 0-552-14788-5. (Also covers Ruby Ridge.)
• Docherty, Jayne Seminare. Learning Lessons From Waco: When the Parties Bring Their Gods to the Negotiation Table(Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2001). ISBN 0-8156-2751-3
• Kerstetter, Todd. "'That's Just the American Way': The Branch Davidian Tragedy and Western Religious History," Western Historical Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4, Winter 2004.
• Kopel, David B. and Paul H. Blackman. No More Wacos: What's Wrong With Federal Law Enforcement and How to Fix It(Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 1997). ISBN 1-57392-125-4
• Lewis, James R. (ed.). From the Ashes: Making Sense of Waco (Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994). ISBN 0-8476-7915-2 (cloth) ISBN 0-8476-7914-4 (paper)
• Linedecker, Clifford L. Massacre at Waco, Texas: The Shocking Story of Cult Leader David Koresh and the Branch Davidians (New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 1993). ISBN 0-312-95226-0
• Lynch, Timothy. No Confidence: An Unofficial Account of the Waco Incident (Washington: Cato Institute, 2001).
• Moore, Carol. The Davidian Massacre: Disturbing Questions About Waco Which Must Be Answered." (Virginia: Gun Owners Foundation, 1995). ISBN 1-880692-22-8
• Newport, Kenneth G. C. "The Branch Davidians of Waco: The History and Beliefs of an Apocalyptic Sect" (Oxford University Press, 2006). ISBN 0-19-924574-6, ISBN 978-0-19-924574-1
• Reavis, Dick J. The Ashes of Waco: An Investigation (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995). ISBN 0-684-81132-4
• Tabor, James D. and Eugene V. Gallagher. Why Waco?: Cults and the Battle for Religious Freedom in America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995). ISBN 0-520-20186-8
• Thibodeau, David and Leon Whiteson. A Place Called Waco: A Survivor's Story (New York: PublicAffairs, 1999). ISBN 1-891620-42-8
• Wright, Stuart A. (ed.). Armageddon in Waco: Critical Perspectives on the Branch Davidian Conflict (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).