Re: National Security Council Memorandum 46
Posted: Fri Dec 25, 2015 4:58 am
MYTH CONCEPTIONS
Talk Radio Can't Handle the Truth
By Casey Lartigue Jr. and Eliot Morgan
August 5, 2007
NOTICE: THIS WORK MAY BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT
For nearly three decades, the memo has been passed around by word of mouth, the Internet, on nth-generation photocopied fliers, making the rounds among African American activists, politicians and talk-show hosts.
In "Black Africa and the U.S. Black Movement," also known as Memorandum 46, President Jimmy Carter's national security adviser outlines a sinister 1970s government strategy to undermine black leadership in the United States and sow discord with Africans abroad.
It's a fantastic story, and on June 23, we devoted an entire edition of "The Casey Lartigue Show," our weekly political talk show on an XM satellite radio channel aimed at black listeners, to debunking it and other urban legends.
Everywhere we looked, we found evidence that the document was fake: a 1980 news clipping in which the Carter administration denounced it as a forgery; a September 1980 National Security Council memo noting that the "scurrilous document" referred to nonexistent entities such as the "NSC Political Analysis Committee"; 1982 testimony by the deputy director of the CIA presenting Memorandum 46 as part of a dozen suspected forgeries by the Soviet Union; a 2002 article by Paul Lee, a consultant to the Malcolm X movie by Spike Lee, dismissing Memorandum 46 as a fraud; and the real Presidential Review Memorandum 46, a bland call for a bureaucratic review of U.S. policy toward Central American issues, which is available on the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum's Web site.
We also contacted Zbigniew Brzezinski, the liberal lion who supposedly authored the memo. Not only did he say he had nothing to do with it, but the former national security adviser pointed out that in one of the versions circulating on the Internet, "the idiot-forger could not even spell my name correctly."
But if you think that was the end of the story, you don't know the world of black talk radio. These are the airwaves in which the first president of the United States was a black man, in which AIDS was cooked up in a government laboratory to decimate the black population and in which major corporations lace their food with chemicals to make black men sterile.
Colleagues at the station accused us of performing "counter-intelligence." Stalwart callers cried that the station was being "infiltrated." Harsh words with a station manager were exchanged. And we found ourselves booted out of the talk-radio business.
Americans love conspiracy theories. We question official accounts about the assassinations of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy, as well as the (alleged) deaths of Elvis Presley, Howard Hughes, Tupac Shakur and Kenneth L. Lay. Some people have doubted whether Neil Armstrong really walked on the moon. But conspiracy theories take on a life of their own in the black community.
Often, just one word can silence those who doubt the conspiracy theory of the day: COINTELPRO, the FBI's notorious anticommunist program that was used against groups such as the Southern Christian Leadership Council and the Ku Klux Klan. From the Scottsboro Boys to the Tuskegee syphilis study, our government has displayed a willingness to conspire against its citizens.
Likewise, truth-squadding becomes difficult when such theories are linked to hard data: Black Americans constitute about 12 percent of the U.S. population but about half of the nation's AIDS cases. That sets up the conditions in which, according to researchers Sheryl Thorburn Bird and Laura M. Bogart, more than 20 percent of black Americans think that HIV was created to restrict the black population.
A 1990 survey by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference found that one-third of black American churchgoers believed that AIDS was a form of genocide. One-third also believed that HIV was produced in a germ-warfare lab, and 40 percent of black college students in Washington, D.C., agreed. An even higher percentage of blacks polled said they thought that crack cocaine was custom-made to be planted in African American communities to keep them crime-ridden and poor and that the government deliberately targeted black elected officials to drive them from office.
These beliefs keep some black Americans from having their children vaccinated, from receiving AIDS tests and early medical treatment, and from practicing safe sex or using clean needles, as Patricia A. Turner and Gary Alan Fine note in their book, "Whispers on the Color Line." They also make seeking the truth an uphill battle.
In "A Culture of Conspiracy," the Syracuse University political scientist Michael Barkun writes that "a conspiracist worldview implies a universe governed by design rather than by randomness." He notes that three principles are found in virtually every conspiracy theory: "Nothing happens by accident." "Nothing is as it seems." "Everything is connected."
We quickly learned there is a fourth factor: If you question a conspiracy, you might be a part of it.
"Information is power." That was an early mantra of the black-owned, Lanham-based conglomerate Radio One, which runs XM's Channel 169, "The Power." Over the past two decades, Radio One has been a resource for black people who may not have the financial means or wherewithal to highlight an injustice. Recently, hosts on the station have taken up the cause of a young black girl sentenced to jail time for pushing a hall monitor (the charges were dropped) and the case of a black 17-year-old boy in Georgia sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual sex with a 15-year-old girl.
We were eager to reach that audience, and on April 21, 2007, we launched the show.
Morgan is from the South Side of Chicago and a former Trotskyite who currently studies environmental issues at Harvard.
Lartigue is a native of Missouri City, Tex., who spent time working as an analyst at the libertarian Cato Institute and the advocacy group Fight for Children. Together, you can find us on any end of the political spectrum on any given issue. Our biggest goal of the show was to challenge orthodoxies of whatever stripe.
Our theme song was Prince's "Controversy," and that's exactly what we often created. The economist Walter E. Williams, who has been a guest host on "The Rush Limbaugh Show," irritated some of our listeners by denouncing reparations for slavery and dismissing the need for a minimum wage. On the 82nd anniversary of Malcolm X's birthday, we dared to ask, "What did Malcolm X do?" Judging from the response from callers, you would have thought we had confessed to assassinating the Nation of Islam leader.
We did get occasional warnings from others at the station, but we dismissed them as office scuttlebutt. We received plenty of feedback from listeners who found our program refreshing. This was the provocative Wild West world of XM Radio, where shock jocks such as Opie and Anthony typically roam unchecked. No reason to be concerned, right?
It may be that Memorandum 46 is just too good to be false. It could be the "smoking memo" that activists have been seeking to prove that the U.S. government is still plotting against black Americans. At the very least, it's a ready-made excuse for every disappointment or ill plaguing the black community.
The prominent psychiatrist Frances Cress Welsing has suggested that blacks should hang a framed copy of the document in their homes. Joe Madison, XM's lead talk show host and a longtime activist, spread the idea that Memorandum 46 was genuine as well. After a show in May that explored the topic, he noted that he'd received 600 e-mails asking for copies of the document.
On June 2, we shared our exchange with Brzezinski about the memo on the air. A few days later, Lartigue was in the studio recording a promotional teaser for a second show that would explore the topic in more detail. The production director was incredulous: "Are you telling me it's fake?"
We sent the production director some links to the Carter library Web site, which were passed along to Madison. Over the next several days, Madison took to the airwaves to blast those who questioned the veracity of Memorandum 46. Morgan called in to Madison's show to ask him for proof. We heard the response on the air: We were engaging in counter-intelligence, he said.
Armed with our research, we returned to the issue on Saturday, June 23. We tried to dispel other urban legends, such as claims that the first U.S. president was black and that fashion designers Liz Claiborne and Tommy Hilfiger didn't want black customers. In the final hour, we made our case that the anti-black Memorandum 46 never existed.
The following Monday, the station's programming director berated Lartigue in a phone call, threatening to suspend the show or pull it off the air. We agreed that we wouldn't "attack" other hosts again, if that was to be the station's policy. The programming director made it clear that he suspected that every source we cited was part of the cover-up. The tense discussion grew into a heated argument, and the programming director yanked the show off the air.
So ended our careers in talk radio. Looking back, we take our cue from Malcolm X, who said he wasn't afraid to just "tell the truth." We weren't afraid to tell the truth or to challenge sacred urban legends. Now that we have been dismissed, the station has resumed its regularly scheduled programming.
caseyradio@gmail.com
eliotmorgan@yahoo.com
Casey Lartigue Jr. is an education consultant based in Virginia. Eliot Morgan is a Boston-area writer and a graduate student in environmental science at Harvard University.
Talk Radio Can't Handle the Truth
By Casey Lartigue Jr. and Eliot Morgan
August 5, 2007
NOTICE: THIS WORK MAY BE PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT
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Kissinger naturally denied Mobutu's allegation of a CIA coup when CBS Evening News anchorman Walter Cronkite asked for his reaction:
CRONKITE: A story that has just crossed our desk from Zaire, that the U.S. Ambassador has been declared persona non grata, at least has been asked to leave the country, presumably over the allegation that Americans were involved in a plot against President Mobutu's life. Have you any reaction to that?
KISSINGER: Well, these allegations are totally unfounded, and we regret that this decision has been taken. We do consider Zaire one of the key countries of Africa with which we would like to maintain cordial relations. And the action was based on totally wrong information that fell into the hands of the Government of Zaire, probably as a result of forgery.
CRONKITE: As a result of what, sir?
KISSINGER: It must have been forgery, because we had absolutely no connection with any plot, nor did we know there was a plot.20
-- Emerging Viruses: AIDS & Ebola: Nature, Accident or Intentional?, by Leonard G. Horowitz, DMD, MA, MPH
For nearly three decades, the memo has been passed around by word of mouth, the Internet, on nth-generation photocopied fliers, making the rounds among African American activists, politicians and talk-show hosts.
In "Black Africa and the U.S. Black Movement," also known as Memorandum 46, President Jimmy Carter's national security adviser outlines a sinister 1970s government strategy to undermine black leadership in the United States and sow discord with Africans abroad.
It's a fantastic story, and on June 23, we devoted an entire edition of "The Casey Lartigue Show," our weekly political talk show on an XM satellite radio channel aimed at black listeners, to debunking it and other urban legends.
Everywhere we looked, we found evidence that the document was fake: a 1980 news clipping in which the Carter administration denounced it as a forgery; a September 1980 National Security Council memo noting that the "scurrilous document" referred to nonexistent entities such as the "NSC Political Analysis Committee"; 1982 testimony by the deputy director of the CIA presenting Memorandum 46 as part of a dozen suspected forgeries by the Soviet Union; a 2002 article by Paul Lee, a consultant to the Malcolm X movie by Spike Lee, dismissing Memorandum 46 as a fraud; and the real Presidential Review Memorandum 46, a bland call for a bureaucratic review of U.S. policy toward Central American issues, which is available on the Jimmy Carter Library and Museum's Web site.
We also contacted Zbigniew Brzezinski, the liberal lion who supposedly authored the memo. Not only did he say he had nothing to do with it, but the former national security adviser pointed out that in one of the versions circulating on the Internet, "the idiot-forger could not even spell my name correctly."
But if you think that was the end of the story, you don't know the world of black talk radio. These are the airwaves in which the first president of the United States was a black man, in which AIDS was cooked up in a government laboratory to decimate the black population and in which major corporations lace their food with chemicals to make black men sterile.
Covert Vaccine Experiments
Using kids as guinea pigs in potentially harmful vaccine experiments is every parents’ worst nightmare. This actually happened in 1989-1991 when Kaiser Permanente of Southern California and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) jointly conducted a measles vaccine experiment. Without proper parental disclosure, the Yugoslavian-made “high titre” Edmonston-Zagreb measles vaccine was tested on 1,500 poor, primarily black and Latino, inner city children in Los Angeles. Highly recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), the high-potency experimental vaccine was previously injected into infants in Mexico, Haiti, and Africa. It was discontinued in these countries when it was discovered that the children were dying in large numbers.
Unbelievably, the measles vaccine caused long-term suppression of the children’s immune system for six months up to three years. As a result, the immunodepressed children died from other diseases in greater numbers than children who had never received the vaccine. Tragically, African girl babies in the experiment were given twice the dose of boys, and therefore suffered a higher death rate. The WHO pulled the vaccine off the market in 1992.
Ironically, the E-Z measles vaccine tested by Kaiser on minority babies was supposed to increase immunity in younger infants. Instead, the vaccine produced the opposite effect. A Los Angeles Times editorial (June 20, 1996) assured readers that “none of the 1,500 was injured by the unlicensed vaccine” and called upon the CDC to ensure that experiments like the E-Z measles vaccine could never occur again.
One wonders how many secret vaccine experiments are conducted by health authorities that never come to the attention of the public. During the two-year measles experiment I was employed by Kaiser and I never knew anything about it until I read the report in The Times five years later, in 1996.
In the poor inner cities across the country the number of asthma cases is exploding and health officials don’t know why. According to the CDC, 5000 asthma deaths occur annually; and it is estimated that 17.3 million people (4.8 are children) suffer from the disease, up from 6.7 million in 1980. Asthma usually begins before age 6, and blacks are two to three times more likely to die from asthma than whites. In the Bronx and Harlem sections of New York City, the hospitalization rate for asthma is 21 times higher than in the more affluent areas of the city.
Could the sharp rise in asthma in poor children be connected with immunosuppression caused by by a barrage of vaccines, as well as a lack of quality medical care and insurance, poor diet, and environmental factors?
The possible connection of immunosuppressive vaccines to diseases like asthma has never been raised by health officials .
With vaccine experiments frequently performed in Africa and now on black Americans, no wonder one out of every four African-Americans believes AIDS was developed as a genocide program by the U.S. government to exterminate the black population.
-- Are Vaccines Causing More Disease Than They Are Curing? by Alan Cantwell, Jr., M.D.
Whistleblower Says CDC Knew in 2003 of Higher Autism Rate Among African-American Boys Receiving MMR Shot Earlier Than 36 Months
WATCHUNG, NJ--(Marketwired - August 18, 2014) - A top research scientist working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) played a key role in helping Dr. Brian Hooker of the Focus Autism Foundation uncover data manipulation by the CDC that obscured a higher incidence of autism in African-American boys. The whistleblower came to the attention of Hooker, a PhD in biochemical engineering, after he had made a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request for original data on the DeStefano et al MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) and autism study.
Dr. Hooker's study, published August 8 in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Translational Neurodegeneration, shows that African-American boys receiving their first MMR vaccine before 36 months of age are 3.4 times more likely to develop autism vs. after 36 months.
According to Dr. Hooker, the CDC whistleblower informant -- who wishes to remain anonymous -- guided him to evidence that a statistically significant relationship between the age the MMR vaccine was first given and autism incidence in African-American boys was hidden by CDC researchers. After data were gathered on 2,583 children living in Atlanta, Georgia who were born between 1986 and 1993, CDC researchers excluded children that did not have a valid State of Georgia birth certificate -- reducing the sample size being studied by 41%. Hooker explains that by introducing this arbitrary criteria into the analysis, the cohort size was sharply reduced, eliminating the statistical power of the findings and negating the strong MMR-autism link in African American boys.
Dr. Hooker has worked closely with the CDC whistleblower, and he viewed highly sensitive documents related to the study via Congressional request from U.S. Representative Darrell Issa, Chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. The CDC documents from Congress and discussions that Hooker had with the whistleblower reveal widespread manipulation of scientific data and top-down pressure on CDC scientists to support fraudulent application of government policies on vaccine safety. Based on raw data used in the 2004 DeStefano et al study obtained under FOIA, Dr. Hooker found that the link between MMR vaccination and autism in African-American boys was obscured by the introduction of irrelevant and unnecessary birth certificate criteria -- ostensibly to reduce the size of the study.
The results of the original study first appeared in the journal Pediatrics which receives financial support from vaccine makers via advertising and direct donations, according to a CBS News report. The DeStefano et al study is widely used by the CDC and other public health organizations to dismiss any link between vaccines and autism -- a neurological disorder on the rise.
Dr. Hooker stated "The CDC knew about the relationship between the age of first MMR vaccine and autism incidence in African-American boys as early as 2003, but chose to cover it up." The whistleblower confirmed this.
When asked if there could be any scientific basis for excluding children born outside of Georgia, Hooker responded, "I know of none, and none has been provided by the authors of the DeStefano study." He added, "The exclusion is reminiscent of tactics historically used to deprive African-Americans of the vote by requiring valid birth certificates."
Dr. Hooker concluded further study is needed to determine why this specific effect (3.4-fold increase when MMR is administered prior to 36 months) is seen exclusively in African-American males, and determine whether delaying the first MMR vaccination should be advised for this population. A link between the MMR vaccine and autism has been conceded in cases compensated by the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program.
-- A Study by Focus Autism Foundation Finds: CDC Whistleblower Reveals Widespread Manipulation of Scientific Data and Top-Down Pressure on CDC Scientists to Support the Fraudulent Application of Government Policies on Vaccine Safety, by focus Autism
Colleagues at the station accused us of performing "counter-intelligence." Stalwart callers cried that the station was being "infiltrated." Harsh words with a station manager were exchanged. And we found ourselves booted out of the talk-radio business.
Americans love conspiracy theories. We question official accounts about the assassinations of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy, as well as the (alleged) deaths of Elvis Presley, Howard Hughes, Tupac Shakur and Kenneth L. Lay. Some people have doubted whether Neil Armstrong really walked on the moon. But conspiracy theories take on a life of their own in the black community.
Often, just one word can silence those who doubt the conspiracy theory of the day: COINTELPRO, the FBI's notorious anticommunist program that was used against groups such as the Southern Christian Leadership Council and the Ku Klux Klan. From the Scottsboro Boys to the Tuskegee syphilis study, our government has displayed a willingness to conspire against its citizens.
Likewise, truth-squadding becomes difficult when such theories are linked to hard data: Black Americans constitute about 12 percent of the U.S. population but about half of the nation's AIDS cases. That sets up the conditions in which, according to researchers Sheryl Thorburn Bird and Laura M. Bogart, more than 20 percent of black Americans think that HIV was created to restrict the black population.
A 1990 survey by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference found that one-third of black American churchgoers believed that AIDS was a form of genocide. One-third also believed that HIV was produced in a germ-warfare lab, and 40 percent of black college students in Washington, D.C., agreed. An even higher percentage of blacks polled said they thought that crack cocaine was custom-made to be planted in African American communities to keep them crime-ridden and poor and that the government deliberately targeted black elected officials to drive them from office.
[BIONETICS RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC. (NIH-71-2025)
Title: Investigations of Viral Carcinogenesis in Primates
Contractor's Project Directors: Dr. John Landon, Dr. David Valerio, Dr. Robert Ting
Project Officers (NCI): Dr. Roy Kinard, Dr. Jack Gruber, Dr. Robert Gallo
Objectives: (1) Evaluation of long-term oncogenic effects of human and animal viral inocula in primates of various species, especially newborn macaques, (2) maintenance of monkey breeding colonies and laboratories necessary for inoculation, care and monitoring of monkeys, and (3) biochemical studies of transfer RNA under conditions of neoplastic transformation and studies on the significance of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in human leukemic tissues.
Major Findings: This contractor continues to produce over 300 excellent newborn monkeys per year. This is made possible by diligent attention to reproductive physiological states of female and male breeders. Semen evaluation, artificial insemination, vaginal cytology and ovulatory drugs are used or tried as needed.
Inoculated and control infants are hand-fed and kept in modified germ-free isolators. They are removed from isolators at about 8 weeks of age and placed in filtered air cages for months or years of observation. The holding ...
Date Contract Initiated: February 12, 1962]
There is now no doubt that Dr. Gallo officiated the development of these AIDS complex viruses. His group at Bionetics combined leukemia, lymphoma, and sarcoma viruses from various species of animals nearly 15 years before he was credited by the Department of Health and Human Services for having discovered the cause of AIDS, a similar retrovirus.
[DOCUMENT PROVES GENE CLONING AND RETROVIRAL ENGINEERING UNDERWAY BY THE LATE 1960s.]
They said this would lead to a cure, an AIDS vaccine within three years. It never happened.
[Reporter] Horowitz is one of the many top-dog researchers who is in Vancouver for the International Conference on AIDS. He is Harvard-educated. He has a doctorate in Dental Medicine from Tufts University in Massachusetts. He's an international authority in Public Health education. And he's also a prolific author. When Dr. Horowitz first heard the theory that the AIDS virus and other killer germs were deliberately cultured as biological weapons and deliberately targeted at unsuspecting victims, he thought the mere idea mad, some wild conspiracy perhaps, or at least good grist for a sci/fi novel. Somewhere along the way he's changed his mind. He's presenting his investigations at the AIDS conference in Vancouver on Wednesday. And Dr. Horowitz joins us in our studio. When did you go from thinking this was a mad idea to a possibility?
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] It took me about eight months having a document sit on my desk, which was a 1970 appropriations request for $10 million dollars for the development of AIDS-like viruses. And it sat on my desk and I realized I read it, it said "The National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council, and [inaudible] the Department of Defense, that they could develop synthetic biological agents for germ warfare in 1970, over five years, for the cost of $10 million. And that led me to investigate whether that document was accurate, whether it was real. And then I began to investigate what happened to the money. And that's what ended up in me looking, finding the origin of AIDS and Ebola.
[Reporter] What do you believe about the origin of AIDS?
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] What I know, and what I'm presenting on Wednesday, is that that it's a man-made virus. There's no question in my mind these viruses are man-made biological weapons, if you will, or they were developed for cancer research models by National Cancer Institute researchers, people under National Cancer Institute contract, who also were contractors for the Department of Defense.
So I know that they were man-made. The question that I leave the readers of my book, "Emerging Viruses," and what I'm going to be sharing the information on Wednesday, is that I leave it to you to figure out whether it was an accident whether these viruses got out accidentally, or whether they were intentionally deployed as some people would have us believe, or some of the evidence shows.
[EMERGING VIRUSES: AIDS & EBOLA, BY LEONARD G. HOROWITZ, DMD, MA, MPH]
[FIG. 6.5. DEVELOPMENT OF AIDS-LIKE VIRUSES, BY ROBERT GALLO AND ASSOCIATES AT THE NCI AND LITTON BIONETICS.
Gallo's group at the NCI and Litton Bionetics also experimented with other simian and human cancer viruses. (e.g., SV40), [10, 11] and developed recombinants (i.e., mutants) of these with other viral nucleic acids including those that caused the prominent features of AIDS-WBC dysfunction, leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, progressive wasting, and ultimate death in rats, mice, chickens, and humans. [10, 12-14] All this in the likely presence of other easily mutated retrovirus contaminants.
In 1971, Gallo and co-workers reported that a simian foamy virus (SFV) -- a common contaminant of monkey kidney cells used to make vaccines -- was the "only one" of 27 then known retroviruses, containing reverse transcriptase, that could not cause cancer in humans. [10] For this reason, little attempt to remove them from cancer virus cell cultures and viral vaccines was made.
Finally, these and other NCI investigators injected such mutant viruses into human WBC and fetal tissue cultures to enable them to infect humans and even transmit these same diseases. [15, 16]
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] I managed to catch up to Dr. Gallo at the 11th International Conference on AIDS in Vancouver in 1997. I asked him if he was concerned that some of his experiments might have given rise to the AIDS virus, or AIDS virus relatives that might have contaminated monkeys and chimpanzees shipped by Litton to the Merck's vaccine division in New York for the production of the earliest Hepatitis B vaccines. Here is the exchange Dr. Gallo eventually apologized to me for. He was obviously aggravated.
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] Do you have any concern that your early experiments in taking Simian virus 40 in the presence of Simian foamy retroviruses, and recombining them with cat leukemia and chicken leukemia sarcoma viruses, might have given rise to HIV or its relatives following their culture in human tissues, and that these mutants could have contaminated some live viral vaccines produced in contaminated monkeys and chimps supplied to vaccine manufacturers through your affiliates at Litton Bionetics?
[Dr. Robert Gallo] Frankly, I don't know what the hell you are talking about!
[Crowd] [Laughing]
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] I'll cite your paper, Dr. Gallo.
[Dr. Robert Gallo] If you can. You've got a paper that I don't know I ever published.
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] Okay.
[Dr. Robert Gallo] I'd sure like you to recite it. Would you begin?
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] I'd be happy to. National Academy of Sciences, 1970, Gallo, et al. It was an oral presentation that you presented for NATO, and NATO audiences in Mol. Belgium. You published it in the National Academy of Sciences. I would be happy to show you the paper.
[1970: Herrera F. Adamson RH and Gallo RC. Uptake of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid by Normal and Leukemic Cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1970; 67;4:1943-1950. Presented at the NATO International Symposium on Uptake of Informative Molecules by Living Cells, Mol, Belgium, 1970.]
[Dr. Robert Gallo] Stop! Stop! I mean, this is beyond asinine. In Mol, Belgium, my first trip to Europe, if I can remember it, a NATO meeting did take place. NATO meetings fund all scientific meetings all over the world, even East/West at that time. Biological meetings, scientific, chemistry meetings -- all kinds of meetings. Meetings about motherhood, fatherhood, everything. And what I talked about in Mol, Belgium, was in the 1960s, long before gene cloning took place, before I ever worked in virology. What I talked about was cellular transfer RNA. Okay? That's Mol, Belgium. Proceedings in the National Academy of Science and SV-40, I never published a paper in my life on SV-40 -- EXCEPT the transfer RNA species in SV-40 transformed [CAUSED CANCER] hamster cells compared to non-transformed cells as a control. You've got pineapples, kiwis, grapes, and cherries mixed in with some other tutti frutti. I don't know what in the hell you're talking about.
[CROWD] [LAUGHING]
I'm a little bit tired of this kind of nonsense and crap!
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] And Gallo, Sarin, et al., who were Litton Bionetic researchers, were your coauthors, in which you combined cat leukemia and chicken sarcoma viruses to create ...
[Dr. Robert Gallo] [Rudely interrupting]
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] That's right, leukemia, sarcoma complex models.
[DISCOVERY OF REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN TYPE ... ATED WITH LYMPHOMA. BY ADDING A SYNTHETIC RNA AND ... LEUKAEMIA VIRUS "TEMPLATE" TO THE HUMAN VIRUS, THE RATE OF ... (AND SUBSEQUENT PROVIRUS SYNTHESIS) INCREASE TWO AND ... SPECTIVELY. THIS HUMAN "TYPE C VIRUS" POSSESSES A DNA ... VERSE TRANSCRIPTASE) WHICH CAN UTILIZE BOTH ENDOGENOUS (I.E. ... RAL) RNA, OR "EXOGENOUS RNA" AS A TEMPLATE, (I.E., FOREIGN ... FROM OTHER CELLS OR VIRUSES) TO PRODUCE THE EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN ... FOR BY THE NEW GENETIC MATERIAL.]
[DISCOVERY OF AIDS ENZYME, REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE, IN LYMPHOMA CANCER VIRUSES ADDED TO CAT LEUKEMIA VIRUS "TEMPLATES" FORMING NEW HUMAN CANCER VIRUSES.]
[Dr. Robert Gallo] Yes, we did. Everything was created by us working in a laboratory. Look, just for those with some little bit of understanding of this, who care about this kind of idea. I've never, I mean I've heard a lot of things said, but never had anything quite like that one.
There were people who thought and made postulations that -- it was not actually directed at me; this is a good one; a new one -- that HIV could have been created in laboratory experiments. There are two answers to that that are definitive, conclusive, that no scientist could have deliberately created them UNLESS he was a super genius and ten years ahead of his time. The AIDS virus definitively existed long before molecular cloning. That's point 1. Point 2: we know the full sequence of the genome of HIV was published by our lab in 1985, and by a group from Paris around the same time.
[UNPROVEN DEFENSE NEGLECTS MILITARY'S 10-15 YEAR LEAD OVER BIOTECHNOLOGY R&D, AND EARLIER METHODS USED TO RECOMBINE VIRUSES.]
The genome has no homology to any known existing virus in the world, EXCEPT SIV discovered after it. It has nothing to do with cats; has nothing to do with chicken sarcoma viruses. SV-40 is a DNA virus that comes from little animals [MONKEYS] that can transform cells in culture [CAUSE CANCER], and has no sequences in HIV [LIE]. Further, we never worked with SV-40 with those viruses together [LIE], and if we did [HE DID], the whole thing would be irrelevant. And I think you need to begin with Biology 101 high school. Okay?
[BIONETICS RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC. (NIH-71-2025)
Title: Investigations of Viral Carcinogenesis in Primates
Contractor's Project Directors: Dr. John Landon, Dr. David Valerio, Dr. Robert Ting
Project Officers (NCI): Dr. Roy Kinard, Dr. Jack Gruber, Dr. Robert Gallo
Objectives: (1) Evaluation of long-term oncogenic effects of human and animal viral inocula in primates of various species, especially newborn macaques, (2) maintenance of monkey breeding colonies and laboratories necessary for inoculation, care and monitoring of monkeys, and (3) biochemical studies of transfer RNA under conditions of neoplastic transformation and studies on the significance of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase in human leukemic tissues.
Major Findings: This contractor continues to produce over 300 excellent newborn monkeys per year. This is made possible by diligent attention to reproductive physiological states of female and male breeders. Semen evaluation, artificial insemination, vaginal cytology and ovulatory drugs are used or tried as needed.
Inoculated and control infants are hand-fed and kept in modified germ-free isolators. They are removed from isolators at about 8 weeks of age and placed in filtered air cages for months or years of observation. The holding ...
Date Contract Initiated: February 12, 1962]
[LITTON BIONETICS CONTRACT CO-DIRECTED BY ROBERT GALLO TO DEVELOP AIDS-LIKE VIRUSES CREATING THE NEVER-BEFORE-SEEN LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA-SARCOMA CANCERS WE NOW CALL AIDS.]
[Dr. Leonard George Horowitz] These documents, including the U.S. government contracts, best explain how AIDS emerged on two far removed continents in Black Africans and gay New Yorkers by 1978. These were precisely the populations that received the first hepatitis B vaccines produced in Litton's chimpanzees just four years earlier. By the way, the man sitting to Dr. Robert Gallo's right is Dr. Jonathan Mann. At the time, Dr. Mann was the AIDS Czar for the World Health Organization. Not long after Dr. Mann witnessed my exchange with Gallo, he quit his most esteemed position saying, "Far more than a medical problem, AIDS is a socio-political imposition."
-- In Lies We Trust: The CIA, Hollywood & Bioterrorism, a documentary by Dr. Leonard George Horowitz
These beliefs keep some black Americans from having their children vaccinated, from receiving AIDS tests and early medical treatment, and from practicing safe sex or using clean needles, as Patricia A. Turner and Gary Alan Fine note in their book, "Whispers on the Color Line." They also make seeking the truth an uphill battle.
In "A Culture of Conspiracy," the Syracuse University political scientist Michael Barkun writes that "a conspiracist worldview implies a universe governed by design rather than by randomness." He notes that three principles are found in virtually every conspiracy theory: "Nothing happens by accident." "Nothing is as it seems." "Everything is connected."
We quickly learned there is a fourth factor: If you question a conspiracy, you might be a part of it.
"Information is power." That was an early mantra of the black-owned, Lanham-based conglomerate Radio One, which runs XM's Channel 169, "The Power." Over the past two decades, Radio One has been a resource for black people who may not have the financial means or wherewithal to highlight an injustice. Recently, hosts on the station have taken up the cause of a young black girl sentenced to jail time for pushing a hall monitor (the charges were dropped) and the case of a black 17-year-old boy in Georgia sentenced to 10 years in prison for having consensual sex with a 15-year-old girl.
We were eager to reach that audience, and on April 21, 2007, we launched the show.
Morgan is from the South Side of Chicago and a former Trotskyite who currently studies environmental issues at Harvard.
CANADIAN MILITARY INTELLIGENCE VIEWS TROTSKY
We can approach the Trotsky release case from another angle: Canadian intelligence. Lieutenant Colonel John Bayne MacLean, a prominent Canadian publisher and businessman, founder and president of MacLean Publishing Company, Toronto, operated numerous Canadian trade journals, including the Financial Post. MacLean also had a long-time association with Canadian Army Intelligence.18
In 1918 Colonel MacLean wrote for his own MacLean's magazine an article entitled "Why Did We Let Trotsky Go? How Canada Lost an Opportunity to Shorten the War."19 The article contained detailed and unusual information about Leon Trotsky, although the last half of the piece wanders off into space remarking about barely related matters. We have two clues to the authenticity of the information. First, Colonel MacLean was a man of integrity with excellent connections in Canadian government intelligence. Second, government records since released by Canada, Great Britain, and the United States confirm MacLean's statement to a significant degree. Some MacLean statements remain to be confirmed, but information available in the early 1970s is not necessarily inconsistent with Colonel MacLean's article.
MacLean's opening argument is that "some Canadian politicians or officials were chiefly responsible for the prolongation of the war [World War I], for the great loss of life, the wounds and sufferings of the winter of 1917 and the great drives of 1918."
Further, states MacLean, these persons were (in 1919) doing everything possible to prevent Parliament and the Canadian people from getting the related facts. Official reports, including those of Sir Douglas Haig, demonstrate that but for the Russian break in 1917 the war would have been over a year earlier, and that "the man chiefly responsible for the defection of Russia was Trotsky ...acting under German instructions."
Who was Trotsky? According to MacLean, Trotsky was not Russian, but German. Odd as this assertion may appear it does coincide with other scraps of intelligence information: to wit, that Trotsky spoke better German than Russian, and that he was the Russian executive of the German "Black Bond." According to MacLean, Trotsky in August 1914 had been "ostentatiously" expelled from Berlin;20 he finally arrived in the United States where he organized Russian revolutionaries, as well as revolutionaries in Western Canada, who "were largely Germans and Austrians traveling as Russians." MacLean continues:Originally the British found through Russian associates that Kerensky,21 Lenin and some lesser leaders were practically in German pay as early as 1915 and they uncovered in 1916 the connections with Trotsky then living in New York. From that time he was closely watched by ... the Bomb Squad. In the early part of 1916 a German official sailed for New York. British Intelligence officials accompanied him. He was held up at Halifax; but on their instruction he was passed on with profuse apologies for the necessary delay. After much manoeuvering he arrived in a dirty little newspaper office in the slums and there found Trotsky, to whom he bore important instructions. From June 1916, until they passed him on [to] the British, the N.Y. Bomb Squad never lost touch with Trotsky. They discovered that his real name was Braunstein and that he was a German, not a Russian.22
Such German activity in neutral countries is confirmed in a State Department report (316-9-764-9) describing organization of Russian refugees for revolutionary purposes.
Continuing, MacLean states that Trotsky and four associates sailed on the "S.S. Christiania" (sic), and on April 3 reported to "Captain Making" (sic) and were taken off the ship at Halifax under the direction of Lieutenant Jones. (Actually a party of nine, including six men, were taken off the S.S. Kristianiafjord. The name of the naval control officer at Halifax was Captain O. M. Makins, R.N. The name of the officer who removed the Trotsky party from the ship is not in the Canadian government documents; Trotsky said it was "Machen.") Again, according to MacLean, Trotsky's money came "from German sources in New York." Also:generally the explanation given is that the release was done at the request of Kerensky but months before this British officers and one Canadian serving in Russia, who could speak the Russian language, reported to London and Washington that Kerensky was in German service.23
Trotsky was released "at the request of the British Embassy at Washington ... [which] acted on the request of the U.S. State Department, who were acting for someone else." Canadian officials "were instructed to inform the press that Trotsky was an American citizen traveling on an American passport; that his release was specially demanded by the Washington State Department." Moreover, writes MacLean, in Ottawa "Trotsky had, and continues to have, strong underground influence. There his power was so great that orders were issued that he must be given every consideration."
The theme of MacLean's reporting is, quite evidently, that Trotsky had intimate relations with, and probably worked for, the German General Staff. While such relations have been established regarding Lenin — to the extent that Lenin was subsidized and his return to Russia facilitated by the Germans — it appears certain that Trotsky was similarly aided. The $10,000 Trotsky fund in New York was from German sources, and a recently declassified document in the U.S. State Department files reads as follows:March 9, 1918 to: American Consul, Vladivostok from Polk, Acting Secretary of State, Washington D.C.
For your confidential information and prompt attention: Following is substance of message of January twelfth from Von Schanz of German Imperial Bank to Trotsky, quote Consent imperial bank to appropriation from credit general staff of five million roubles for sending assistant chief naval commissioner Kudrisheff to Far East.
This message suggests some liaison between Trotsky and the Germans in January 1918, a time when Trotsky was proposing an alliance with the West. The State Department does not give the provenance of the telegram, only that it originated with the War College Staff. The State Department did treat the message as authentic and acted on the basis of assumed authenticity. It is consistent with the general theme of Colonel MacLean's article.
-- Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, by Antony C. Sutton
Lartigue is a native of Missouri City, Tex., who spent time working as an analyst at the libertarian Cato Institute and the advocacy group Fight for Children. Together, you can find us on any end of the political spectrum on any given issue. Our biggest goal of the show was to challenge orthodoxies of whatever stripe.
[Robert Kenner] So this isn't the greatest hoax ever sold to the American people?
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] Ha-ha. No, climate change is not the greatest hoax ever sold to us. But people on the right, they really think it is -- even Libertarians.
I go to this Libertarian conference every summer, Freedom Fest in Las Vegas.
[Cato Spokesman] The Cato Institute is a Libertarian think tank. We're dedicated to free markets, and individual liberty.
[Eagle Financial Publications Spokesman, http://www.EagleDailyInvestor.com] Freedom from government, limited government.
[Heartland Institute Spokeswoman] The Heartland Institute believes warming is not man-made.
This is our event today. James Taylor is with The Heartland Institute.
Okay.
[Robert Kenner] Who is he debating?
[Heartland Institute Spokeswoman] He is debating Mr. Shermer,
who is -- he writes for Skeptic Magazine.
But James Taylor is doing the skeptic side today.
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] We'll see what happens at the debate. Yeah, we'll go to that.
They think of me as some liberal, crazy, conspiracy -- putting together this con -- this made-up story about climate change.
I'm like, "I used to be on your side. All I did was look at the data."
I've been Libertarian my whole adult life.
Since I read Atlas Shrugged in college, like everybody else here.
I prefer to read The Wall Street Journal and ignore The NY Times,
because The Journal tells me what I like to know is true.
So what flipped me was just sort of looking at the data,
and all the new data that had come in in the early 2000s.
99% of the world's glaciers are retreating.
Why don't people change their minds when new data comes in about climate?
Because it isn't about the data.
It's about me being a consistent tribal member, and showing to my fellow tribe members that you can count on me.
[Man] The whole global warming debate is based upon your team ...
starting out --
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] "My team?"
[Man] Yeah, your team. Starting out by making the declaration ...
that carbon dioxide causes temperature change.
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] First, it's not fifty-fifty. It's not like half of scientists say this and the other half say that. Almost none of them say what my opponent says.
[Man] That's a lie.
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] No, none. I showed you the chart. No.
99% of scientists --
[Man] That's a lie! You can repeat it, but it won't make it true.
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] 99% have said that it's real.
[Man] That is a bold-faced lie.
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] No, it is not.
When I go into these debates, it feels like I'm going into a Twilight Zone episode.
You know, where black is white, up is down ...
and everything is just the opposite of what you think it is.
[TWILIGHT ZONE]
[Woman] Two parallel worlds that exist side by side. And each of us has a counterpart in this world.
[James Taylor, Heartland Institute] Carbon dioxide increases have followed --
[Michael Shermer, Director, Skeptic Society] Whenever I deal with climate deniers, it's almost like a mirrored reality.
I put up the slide showing the Earth getting warmer, and the other guys put up the same slide:
"The Earth is getting cooler."
[James Taylor, The Heartland Institute] Temperatures now are not abnormally warm. They're abnormally cool.
[General] Another dimension? Another world parallel to ours? Heh.
You call that rational?
-- Merchants of Doubt, by Robert Kenner
Our theme song was Prince's "Controversy," and that's exactly what we often created. The economist Walter E. Williams, who has been a guest host on "The Rush Limbaugh Show," irritated some of our listeners by denouncing reparations for slavery and dismissing the need for a minimum wage. On the 82nd anniversary of Malcolm X's birthday, we dared to ask, "What did Malcolm X do?" Judging from the response from callers, you would have thought we had confessed to assassinating the Nation of Islam leader.
We did get occasional warnings from others at the station, but we dismissed them as office scuttlebutt. We received plenty of feedback from listeners who found our program refreshing. This was the provocative Wild West world of XM Radio, where shock jocks such as Opie and Anthony typically roam unchecked. No reason to be concerned, right?
It may be that Memorandum 46 is just too good to be false. It could be the "smoking memo" that activists have been seeking to prove that the U.S. government is still plotting against black Americans. At the very least, it's a ready-made excuse for every disappointment or ill plaguing the black community.
The prominent psychiatrist Frances Cress Welsing has suggested that blacks should hang a framed copy of the document in their homes. Joe Madison, XM's lead talk show host and a longtime activist, spread the idea that Memorandum 46 was genuine as well. After a show in May that explored the topic, he noted that he'd received 600 e-mails asking for copies of the document.
On June 2, we shared our exchange with Brzezinski about the memo on the air. A few days later, Lartigue was in the studio recording a promotional teaser for a second show that would explore the topic in more detail. The production director was incredulous: "Are you telling me it's fake?"
We sent the production director some links to the Carter library Web site, which were passed along to Madison. Over the next several days, Madison took to the airwaves to blast those who questioned the veracity of Memorandum 46. Morgan called in to Madison's show to ask him for proof. We heard the response on the air: We were engaging in counter-intelligence, he said.
Armed with our research, we returned to the issue on Saturday, June 23. We tried to dispel other urban legends, such as claims that the first U.S. president was black and that fashion designers Liz Claiborne and Tommy Hilfiger didn't want black customers. In the final hour, we made our case that the anti-black Memorandum 46 never existed.
The following Monday, the station's programming director berated Lartigue in a phone call, threatening to suspend the show or pull it off the air. We agreed that we wouldn't "attack" other hosts again, if that was to be the station's policy. The programming director made it clear that he suspected that every source we cited was part of the cover-up. The tense discussion grew into a heated argument, and the programming director yanked the show off the air.
So ended our careers in talk radio. Looking back, we take our cue from Malcolm X, who said he wasn't afraid to just "tell the truth." We weren't afraid to tell the truth or to challenge sacred urban legends. Now that we have been dismissed, the station has resumed its regularly scheduled programming.
A split in the ranks
What’s more, this split in the libertarian ranks isn’t something that’s merely fodder for Facebook flame wars and comments section hissy fits, but is seen more broadly in the larger movement. There are, for example, many national-level politicians who are widely seen as being very sympathetic to libertarianism, such as Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul, that have been pretty critical of events in Ferguson and of the way in which the justice system generally comes down like a ton of bricks on people of color. So, too, have libertarian pundits like John Stossel and Glenn Reynolds, both of whom have long questioned America’s love affair with zealous cops and increasingly militarized police forces.
Yet, there are also libertarians who nonetheless come down squarely on the side of the cops in ways that don’t just seem racist, but are racist. Take, for instance, the words of the actual Libertarian Party Vice Presidential candidate in 2008, Tea Party activist and and current Fox News commentator Wayne Allyn Root. He commented: “It’s like we’re reliving the 1960s with Barack Obama. He didn’t come in to help us end the specter of racism, he brought it back, folks.”
The police in Ferguson, continued Root, were afraid of a black president indicting them for racism and so allowed rioting to occur.
Root isn’t a senator, of course, so it is wrong to use him to demonstrate that the clearly racist portion of the libertarian movement is as powerful as the Reason/Rand Paul side, but his words and the voices from Reason’s comments section nonetheless highlight something that has long gone unremarked upon by many in libertarian circles: many in their movement do not actually support small government, but, rather, support libertarianism because it is a way to oppose advancement for minorities like blacks without instantly being labelled a racist.
This has been so since the dawn of the modern American libertarian movement and it should come as no real surprise that the first overtly sympathetic libertarian presidential candidate for the 1964 election — Arizona’s Barry Goldwater — attracted a great deal of following in the Deep South precisely due to his opposition to federal enforcement of civil rights legislation, especially public accommodation sections. No one, Goldwater honestly felt, should be forced by the government to serve those they did [not] want to serve or sell or buy from someone they did not want to sell or buy from. As it happened, the Southern segregationists felt exactly the same way once Washington went against them.
As a result, an alliance — still in operation today — was born between small-government libertarians and conservatives and white racists who wanted to keep blacks and all other non-whites in what they assert is their proper, inferior place. Known as the Southern strategy, the segregationist political doors unlocked by Goldwater led, in turn, to their further opening by Nixon and Reagan — who famously opened his 1980 presidential campaign with a speech on states’ rights at the Neshoba County Fair in Deep South Mississippi near where three civil rights workers had been slain by the Klan for trying to register black people to vote.
-- Ferguson Reveals Racists in Libertarian Clothing, by Jeffrey Cavanaugh
caseyradio@gmail.com
eliotmorgan@yahoo.com
Casey Lartigue Jr. is an education consultant based in Virginia. Eliot Morgan is a Boston-area writer and a graduate student in environmental science at Harvard University.